mongodb introduction11111111111111111111

UNIT – IV
Mongo DB
Mongo DB: Understanding Mongo DB and NoSQL,
Mongo DB Data Types, planning your Data Model,
Building the Mongo DB Environment, Administering
User Accounts, Configuring Access Control, Database
update Operators, Adding Documents to a Collection,
Updating Documents in a Collection, Deleting
Documents from a Collection, Removing a Single
Document from a Collection.

Why Database
What is SQL?
• SQL stands for Structured Query Language
• SQL lets you access and manipulate databases
Using SQL in Your Web Site
• To build a web site that shows data from a database, you will need:
• An RDBMS database program (i.e. MS Access, SQL Server, MySQL)
• To use a server-side scripting language, like PHP or ASP
• To use SQL to get the data you want
• To use HTML / CSS to style the page

What is MongoDB?
• MongoDB is an open source NoSQL database
management program. NoSQL (Not only SQL) is used
as an alternative to traditional relational databases.
NoSQL databases are quite useful for working with
large sets of distributed data.
• MongoDB is a document base database. It stores data
in a type of JSON format called BSON(Binary JSON).

• A record in a MongoDB is a document , which is a data structure
composed of key value pairs similar to the structure of JSON objects.
• MongoDB is a document database and can be installed locally or
hosted in the cloud.

• MongoDB is used for high-volume data storage, helping
organizations store large amounts of data while still
performing rapidly. Organizations also use MongoDB for its
ad-hoc queries, indexing, load balancing, aggregation,
server-side JavaScript execution and other features.
• Structured Query Language (SQL) is a standardized
programming language that is used to manage relational
databases. SQL normalizes data as schemas and tables, and
every table has a fixed structure.

• Instead of using tables and rows as in relational databases, as a
NoSQL database, the MongoDB architecture is made up of collections
and documents. Documents are made up of Key-value pairs --
MongoDB's basic unit of data. Collections, the equivalent of SQL
tables, contain document sets. MongoDB offers support for many
programming languages, such as C, C++, C#, Go, Java, Python, Ruby
and Swift.

What is BSON in mongoDB?
• MongoDB stores document(objects) in a format called BSON.BSON is
a binary serialization of JSON-like documents.
• BSON stands for “Binary JSON”, but also contains extensions that
allow representation of data types that are not part of JSON. for ex,
BSON has a Data and BinData types

Understanding Mongo DB and NoSQL
What is NoSQL Database?
• NoSQL database stands for “Not only SQL” or “Not SQL”, Originally it is
referring to “non-SQL” or “non-relational”.
• NoSQL provides flexible schemas and scales easily with large amounts
of data and high user loads.
• NoSQL databases are flexible, scalable, high-performance,and highly
functional databases to provide great user experiences.

What are the different Types of NoSQL Databases?
There are the four main types of NoSQL databases:
Document databases
Key-value stores
Wide-column stores
Graph stores

Data Types In MongoDB
JSON and BSON
• It is important to have an understanding of how MongoDB stores data.
MongoDB and many other document-based NoSQL
databases use JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) to represent data records
as documents.
There are many advantages to using JSON to store data. Some of them being:
• easy to read, learn, and its familiarity among developers
• flexibility in format, whether sparse, hierarchical, or deeply nested
• self-describing, which allows for applications to easily operate with JSON
data
• allows for the focus on a minimal number of basic types
JSON supports all the basic data types like string, number, boolean, etc.
MongoDB actually stores data records as Binary-encoded JSON (BSON)
documents.

• String
name: "Jhon“
• Double
marks: 97.6
• Integer
age: 22
• Array
In MongoDB, the array is represented by the square brackets [ ]. The array can
have multiple values of the same or different data types.
subjects: [ "English", "Social Studies", "Economics" ],
• Object
To store the nested documents, we use the object data type.
address: {city: "New York", country: "USA"}

• Boolean
Either true or false is stored in the boolean data type.
pass: true
• Null
The null values are stored in the null data type.
lastname: null
• Date
The date data type in MongoDB is used to store the date. We can
specify a custom date by passing day, month, and year to the date
object.
birth: new Date('Jun 23, 2000')

Data Model Design
• MongoDB provides two types of data models: — Embedded data
model and Normalized data model. Based on the requirement, you
can use either of the models while preparing your document.

{
_id: ,
Emp_ID: "10025AE336"
Personal_details:{
First_Name: "Radhika",
Last_Name: "Sharma",
Date_Of_Birth: "1995-09-26"
},
Contact: {
e-mail: "radhika_sharma.123@gmail.com",
phone: "9848022338"
},
Address: {
city: "Hyderabad",
Area: "Madapur",
State: "Telangana"
}
}

Normalized Data Model
• In this model, you can refer the sub documents in the original
document, using references. For example, you can re-write the above
document in the normalized model as:
• Employee:
{
_id: <ObjectId101>,
Emp_ID: "10025AE336"
}

• Personal_details:
{
_id: <ObjectId102>,
empDocID: " ObjectId101",
First_Name: "Radhika",
Last_Name: "Sharma",
Date_Of_Birth: "1995-09-26"
}

• Contact:
{
_id: <ObjectId103>,
e-mail: "radhika_sharma.123@gmail.com",
phone: "9848022338"
}

Address:
{
_id: <ObjectId104>,
city: "Hyderabad",
Area: "Madapur",
State: "Telangana"
}

Building the Mongo DB Environment
• Install MongoDB On Windows

//to display the list od databases
show dbs
//to swith to database or to create database
use db_name
//To display list of colletions in a selected database
show collections
//To create collection and to insert document into collection
db.collection_name.insertOne({"Name":"Hi"})
db.collection_name.insertMany([{"Name":"Hi"},{"Name":"Bye"}])

//Commands to perform read operation
db.stu.find({Age:{$in:[20,21]}})
db.stu.find({CIty:"Hyd",Age:{$gte:20}})
($lt, $lte, $gt, $gte)
db.stu.find({},{Name:1})
db.stu.find({},{_id:0})
demo> db.stu.find({},{Name:1,Rollno:1})
demo> db.stu.find({},{_id:0,Name:1,Rollno:1})
db.stu.find({$or:[{CIty:"Hyd"},{Age:20}]})

//command to perform UPDATE operation
db.stu.updateOne({Name:"Sai"},{$set:{Age:20}})
db.stu.updateMany({Name:"Sai"},{$set:{Age:20}})
//To delete all documents from a collection
db.movies.deleteMany({})
//To delete selected document from a collection
db.movies.deleteMany( { Name: "Sai" } )
db.movies.deleteOne( { Name: "Sai" } )

//To create admin user
db.createUser({user:"admin",pwd:"mru",roles:[{role:"readWrite",db:"c
onfig"}]})
// to display list of users
show users
//To create a normal user with out roles
db.createUser({user:"userone",pwd:"mru",roles:[]})
//To create a user with specific roles
db.createUser({user:"usertwo",pwd:"mru",roles:[{role:"readWrite",db:
"demo"}]})

MongoDB – Update() Method
• The update() method updates the values in the existing document in
the collections of MongoDB. When you update your document the
value of the _id field remains unchanged. By default, the
db.collection.update() method updates a single document. Include
the option multi: true to update all documents that match the given
query. This method can be used for a single updating of documents as
well as multiple documents.
Note: In MongoDB, the update() method has been deprecated in favor
of using updateOne() or updateMany() depending on your specific use
case.

• db.COLLECTION_NAME.update({SELECTION_CRITERIA},
{$set:{UPDATED_DATA}})

MongoDB updateOne() Method –
db.Collection.updateOne()
• In MongoDB, updateOne() method updates a first matched document
within the collection based on the given query. When you update
your document the value of the _id field remains unchanged. This
method updates one document at a time and can also add new fields
in the given document. It takes three parameters, the first one is the
selection criteria to update the document, the second one is the new
data to be updated, and the remaining are optional.

• db.Collection_name.updateOne(
{Selection_Criteria}, {$set:{Update_data}})

MongoDB updateMany() Method –
db.Collection.updateMany()
• The updateMany() method updates all the documents in MongoDB
collections that match the given query. When you update your
document, the value of the _id field remains unchanged. This method
can also add new fields in the document. Specify an empty
document({}) in the selection criteria to update all collection
documents.
• db.Collection_name.updateMany({Selection_Criteria},{$set:{Update_
Data}})

MongoDB –
db.collection.findOneAndUpdate() Method
• The findOneAndUpdate() method updates the first matched
document in the collection that matches the selection criteria. If
more than one document matched the selection criteria then it
updates only the first matched document. When we update the
document, the value of the _id field remains unchanged. This method
will return the original document but if we want to return the
updated document then we have to set the value of the
returnNewDocument parameter to true.

User Management in MongoDB
• User management methods are used to manage the user access to
the database.

Data Modelling in MongoDB
• Data modeling is the process of arranging unstructured data that comes from a
real-world event into a logical data model in a database.
• Data modeling helps you better understand the data at hand and identify future
business requirements.
Different Types of Data Models
Conceptual data model
Logical data model
Physical data model

MongoDB Update Operators
Fields
The following operators can be used to update fields:
 $currentDate: Sets the field value to the current date
db.stu.updateOne({Name:"Nani"},{$currentDate:{JoiningDate:true}})
 $inc: Increments the field value
db.stu.updateOne({Name:"Nani"},{$inc:{Age:1}})
 $rename: Renames the field
db.stu.updateOne({Name:"Nani"},{$rename:{JoiningDate:"JD"}})
 $set: Sets the value of a field
db.stu.updateOne({Name:"Nani"},{$set:{Age:21}})
 $unset: Removes the field from the document
db.stu.updateOne({Name:"Nani"},{$unset:{JD:true}})

Array
The following operators assist with updating arrays.
$addToSet: Adds distinct elements to an array
db.stu.update({Name:"Nem"},{$addToSet:{sub:"JS"}})
$pop: Removes the first or last element of an array
db.stu.update({Name:"Nem"},{$pop:{Marks:1}})
$pull: Removes all elements from an array that match the query
db.stu.update({Name:"Nem"},{$pull:{sub:"C"}})
$push: Adds an element to an array
db.stu.update({Name:"Nem"},{$push:{sub:"C"}})
$min: db.stu.updateOne({Name:"Nani"},{$min:{Age:20}})
$max: db.stu.updateOne({Name:"Nani"},{$max:{Age:20}})
$mul:db.stu.update({Name:"Nani"},{$mul:{Marks:2}})

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