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MULTICAST BY SAIKIRAN PANJALA
- 1. MULTICAST Presenting By xxxx xxxxxxxxx Under theguidance of xxxxxxx
- 2. ABSTRACT • Multicast iscommunication between a single sender and multiple receivers on a network. Typical uses include the updating of mobile personnel from a home office and the periodic issuance of online newsletters. Together with unicast, multicast is one of the packet types in the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPV6). In computer networking, multicast is group communication where information is addressed to a group of destination computers simultaneously. MULTICAST 2
- 3. OUTLINE • Brief history •Introduction • Multicast • Broadcasting • Reverse path multicast & Types • IGMP protocol • Challenges • Advantages & Disadvantages • Applications • Conclusion MULTICAST 3
- 4. BRIEF HISTROY • IPMulticast arrived way too soon , in 1988 • Remember ,1988 was the year TCP congestion control was first deployed • There was no WWW. No URLs, No HTTP, no HTML, no XML • There was no facebook , myspace , no P2P • Most non academic users were on 56kbps dial up at best MULTICAST 4
- 5. INTRODUCTION • In unicasting, the router forwards received datagram through only one of its interfaces. MULTICAST 5
- 6. WHAT IS MULTICAST? • A new concept for transmitting data over computer networks. • Best suited for one-to-many or many- to -many delivery of data. • Designed to reduce network load. • Designed for next generation applications. • It uses only UDP protocols. MULTICAST 6
- 7. DEFINATION • In multicasting,the router may forward the received datagram through several of its interfaces. It is efficiency and logical addressing. hosts are parts of multicast. (OR) • Multicast is communication between a single sender and multiple receivers on a network MULTICAST 7
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- 9. BROADCASTING • In thiscommunication, the relationship between the source and the destination is one to all. • There is only one source, but all the other hosts are the destination. • Internet is not supporting broadcasting. It is wasted of bandwidth. • Emulation of multicasting through multiple unicasting is not efficient and may create long delays , particularly with a large group. MULTICAST 9
- 10. MULTICAST VS MULTIPLEUNICAST MULTICAST 10
- 11. REVERSE PATH MULTICAST •To increase efficiency, the multicast packet must reach only those networks that have active members for that particular group. • To convert broadcasting to multicasting, the protocols uses two procedures: • Pruning and • Grafting MULTICAST 11
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- 13. GRAFTING • The graftmessage forces the upstream router to resume sending the multicast messages. MULTICAST 13
- 14. GRAFTING MULTICAST 14 graft (s,g) graft(s,g) g g s g g report (g)
- 15. PRUNING • The designedparent router of each network is responsible for holding the membership information(through IGMP) • The router sends a prune message to the upstream router so that it can prune the corresponding interface. • That is, the upstream router can stop sending multicast message for this group that interface. MULTICAST 15
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- 17. IGMP • IGMP isthe signaling protocol that the end-stations use to signal their group membership interest. • It is an integral part of IP, every router today is supposed to support it. • There are 3 versions of IGMP. • Version 1 and 2 can only communicate group information to a multicast router. • Version 3 adds source specific messages so that sources of a multicast group can be selectively received. MULTICAST 17
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- 19. CHALLENGES IN MULTICAST •How can a sender restrict who can receive? – need authentication, authorization – encryption of data – key distribution – still an active area of research MULTICAST 19
- 20. ADVANTAGES • Performance: Eliminatestraffic redundancy. • Distributed Applications: Makes multipoint applications possible. • Enhanced Efficiency: Controls network traffic and reduces server and CPU loads. • Optimized • Web cache multicast MULTICAST 20
- 21. DISADVANTAGES • Duplicates: Somemulticast protocol mechanisms (e.g. Asserts, Registers and SPT Transitions) result in the occasional generation of duplicate packets. Multicast applications should be designed to expect occasional duplicate packets. • Out of Order Delivery: Some protocol mechanisms may also result in out of order delivery of packets. MULTICAST 21
- 22. APPLICATIONS • Broadcast audio/video •Push-based systems • Software distribution • Web-cache updates • Teleconferencing (audio, video, shared whiteboard, text editor) • Multi-player games MULTICAST 22
- 23. CONCLUSIONS • Multicast becomesmore and more a necessity • Multicast improves network performances, respectively the costs • It is easy to configure the network (routers, switches) to support multicast • In the future, more and more applications will become multicast-dependent • Multicast has yet to prove it’s impact on our networking MULTICAST 23
- 24. REFERENCES • www.slideshare.net • www.windowsmedia.com BOOKS •Data communication & computer networks , FOURTH edition by Forouzan MULTICAST 24
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