Multi_Core_Processor_2015_(Download it!)

Multi_Core_Processor_2015_(Download it!)

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  Multi-Core Processors The NextGeneration
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  Contents • What IsA Microprocessor? • Single Core Processor • Introduction To Multi-Core Processors • Why Multi-Core : Advantages • Multi-Core Architecture • Implementations To Enhance Performance • Application, Disadvantages & Comparison • Future Of Multi-Core Processors • Conclusion • References
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  What is aMicroprocessor? • Programmable integrated device • Computing and decision-making capability • Embedded in a larger system • A standalone unit controlling processes • Functions as the CPU of a computer called microcomputer 07-01-2015 3
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  Single Core Processor •Contains single processing unit • A processing unit consists of • Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU) • Control Unit (CU) • Memory Unit (i.e. Registers) 07-01-2015 4
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  Processing Unit Design 07-01-20155
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  Single Core ProcessorContd. • Drawbacks • Clock frequency must be increased for faster job execution • Higher clock frequency increases power consumption • Results in higher rate of heat generation & dissipation • Therefore, performance & efficiency drastically decreased 07-01-2015 6
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  Introduction To Multi-CoreProcessor • Two or more independent processing cores combined into single chip 07-01-2015 7
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  Why Multi-Core :Advantages • Simultaneous execution • Moore Law supportive • Lesser power consumption • Lesser heat generation • Instruction level parallelism • Multithreaded applications 07-01-2015 8
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  Multi-Core Architecture 07-01-2015 9 •Multiprocessing in a single package • Cores may be coupled tightly/loosely • Cores may or may not share caches • May implement message passing or common shared memory methods • Common Network topologies used to inter-connect the different cores • Homogeneous & Heterogeneous
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  Implementations To EnhancePerformance • Pipelining: Subsequent instruction begins to execute before completion of the previous one i.e. Parallel processing 07-01-2015 10 I1 I1I2 I1I2I3 I1I2I3I4 I1I2I3I4I5
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  Implementations To EnhancePerformance • Multithreading: Time is divided and interlaced between more than one thread to simulate simultaneous execution 07-01-2015 11
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  Implementations To EnhancePerformance 07-01-2015 12 • Multithreading: Time is divided and interlaced between more than one thread to simulate simultaneous execution
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  Applications • Multimedia Applications •Database servers • Web servers • CAD/CAM • Encoding • 3D gaming • Video editing • Powerful graphics solution • Optimized productivity titles 07-01-2015 13
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  Disadvantages • Multi threadingis also a problem when the software being run is not designed to take advantage of the multi core processor • Costs more than single core processors • Cache coherence • Does not work at twice the speed as a normal processor • More difficult to manage thermally than lower-density single-core processors 07-01-2015 14
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  Multi-Core Over SingleCore : Comparison 07-01-2015 15 Single Core Processor (45 nm) Multi-Core Processor (45 nm) Vdd (V) 1.0 1.0 I/O Pins (Total) 1280 (ITRS) 3000 (Estimated) Operating frequency (GHz) 7.8 4 Chip-Package Data Rate (Gb/s) 7.8 4 Bandwidth (GB/s) 125 1000 Power (W) 429.78 107.39 Total Number Of Pins On Chip 3840 9000 (Estimated) Number Of Pins On The Package 2480 4500 (Estimated)
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  Future Of Multi-CoreProcessors • ‘Homogeneous’ vs. ‘Heterogeneous’ argument (Moore, Hasegawa, Agarwal) • Next-generation software applications will require the performance capacity provided by multi-core processors • Will help to break barriers in the user experience i.e. Voice recognition, Pattern Recognition, AI oriented problems etc. 07-01-2015 16
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  Conclusion • An importantnew trend in computer architecture • Several new multi-core processors now in design phase • Parallel programming techniques likely to gain importance • Still will be some applications for single-core processors 07-01-2015 17
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  References • www.intel.com/multi-core/ • www.faqs.org/patents/app/20090055826 •www.csa.com/discoveryguides/multicore/review2.php?SID=s0s5lp3hcg6fa 6pf2ba28u84d0 • www.google.co.in • Stallings, William, “Computer Organization and Architecture : Designing for Performance”, Ninth Edition, 2013 • Hennessy, John L., Patterson ,David A., “Computer Architecture : A Quantitative Approach”, Seventh Edition, 2012 • Merritt, R., “CPU Designers Debate Multi-core Future”, EETimes Online, February 2008 07-01-2015 18
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  Thank You