Open Source Fundamentals

Open Source
Fundamentals
Guy Martin
Senior Open Source/Community Strategist
4/5/2016

Who Is This ‘Guy’?
• 21 years in software/technology
• 12 years in open source
• Leading strategy for Samsung Open
Source Group
• Built open source
consulting/communities for several
organizations

Question….
How many of you use, or have
used, open source?

HERE WE GO
What is open source, anyway?
What this process is, and where you can find it in your everyday life.
Where did it start?
A brief history of nerds changing the world.
How does it work?
The mechanics of freedom.
Why is it important?
Strategy and monetizing.

HOW DEVELOPMENT WORKS
COMPILERS MAKE SOURCE INTO BINARIES
int main() {
printf(“Hello world.n”);
exit (0);
}
DEVELOPER
SOURCE CODE
$ ./hello-world
Hello world.
$
BINARY
10101011010101010101010101
01010100101010101110101010
10111101010101111010001001
01010101010011001010101101
USER
COMPILER

WE STARTED SHARING CODE...
int main() {
exit (0);
}
DEVELOPER
COPY #1
USER #1
int main() {
exit (0);
} COPY #2
USER #2
int main() {
exit (0);
}
BINARY #1
$ ./hello-world
Hello world.
$
BINARY #2
$ ./hello-world
Hello world.
$

AND ANYONE COULD IMPROVE IT
COPY #1
USER #1
int main() {
printf(“What up.n”);
exit (0);
} COPY #2
USER #2
int main() {
printf(“Bonjour!n”);
exit (0);
}
BINARY #1
$ ./hello-world
What up.
$
BINARY #2
$ ./hello-world
Bonjour!
$
int main() {
exit (0);
}
DEVELOPER

WE STARTED SELLING BINARIES
int main() {
exit (0);
}
DEVELOPER
DEVELOPER’S BINARY
$ ./hello-world
Hello world.
$
USER #1
$ ./hello-world
Hello world.
$
USER #2
$ ./hello-world
Hello world.
$

WHICH CENTRALIZED CONTROL
int main() {
exit (0);
}
DEVELOPER
$ ./hello-world
What up.
$
USER #1
$ ./hello-world
What up.
$
USER #2
$ ./hello-world
Hello world.
$
$
int main() {
exit (0);
}
$ ./hello-world
Hello world.
$

OPEN SOURCE
int main() {
exit (0);
}
COMMITTER
int main() {
exit (0);
}
DEVELOPER’S CODE
USER #1
int main() {
printf(“Wassup.n”);
exit (0);
}
BINARY #1
$ ./hello-world
Wassup.
$
int main() {
printf(“Bonjour.n”);
exit (0);
}
$ ./hello-world
Hello world.
$
USER #2

FOUR FREEDOMS
http://fsf.org
Free to use.
Anyone can use it, however they like.
Free to copy.
Anyone can get a copy for the cost of media.
Free to modify.
If I don’t like how it works, I can change it.
Free to distribute.
I can share my changes.

GNU PUBLIC LICENSE
http://gnu.org
Implements the four freedoms.
Use, copy, modify, distribute.
Built on copyright.
The author provides additional rights for additional responsibilities.
In some cases, problematic.
But more on that later.

LINUX IS BORN
From: torvalds@klaava.Helsinki.FI (Linus Benedict Torvalds)
Newsgroups: comp.os.minix
Subject: What would you like to see most in minix?
Message-ID: <1991Aug25.205708.9541@klaava.Helsinki.FI>
Date: 25 Aug 91 20:57:08 GMT
Organization: University of Helsinki
“I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be
big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. This
has been brewing since april, and is starting to get ready.
I'd like any feedback on things people like/dislike in minix...”

INNOVATION
IT’S MORE THAN PRODUCTS
SERVICES
PRODUCTS
HOBBIES
AMATEURS

24
"Springfield Model 1861"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_Model_1861
INNOVATION
“The Springfield Rifle cost $20
each at the Springfield Armory
where they were officially made.
Overwhelmed by the demand,
the armory opened its weapons
patterns up to twenty private
contractors. The most notable
producer of contract Model 1861
Springfields was Colt, who made
several minor design changes in
their version, the "Colt Special"
rifled musket. These changes
included redesigned barrel
bands, a new hammer, and a
redesigned bolster. Several of
these changes were eventually
adopted by the Ordnance
Department and incorporated
into the model 1863 rifled
musket."

More Ideas
Good ideas comes from lots of good ideas.
LONG TAILS MEAN INNOVATION
MORE PARTICIPANTS, MORE GOOD IDEAS

26
HIGHER QUALITY
MORE CODE, FEWER BUGS
Coverity has tracked the code quality of open source software since 2004.
Proprietary software, on average, has 20,000 to 30,000 defects per million
lines of code. This has been true since 1960.
2004 Linux has 985 defects in 5.7 MLOC, or 99.3% lower than a
proprietary system.
2005 Linux grew 4.7%, but defect density went down 2.3%.
2006 Funded by DHS, Coverity adds the LAMP stack and 32 OSS
projects, and defect density stayed the same.
2008 Now covers 250 projects, with 434 defects per MLOC. Worst
performer has 1237 defects per MLOC.
2009 Now covers 280 projects, with defect density down 16%.

What differentiates all of
these devices?

Software is where much of the value is created.
It’s not something you can always outsource, but it’s something
you need to collaborate on.

Open Source is Eating the
Software World
“If you are going to master software you must master
open source. It is hard to build something without open
source code.”
Jim Zemlin, Executive Director, The Linux Foundation
Collaboration Summit Keynote 2013

Open Source Fundamentals

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