ppt on arrays in c programming language.pptx

ppt on arrays in c programming language.pptx

• 1.
  Arrays: An EssentialData Structure Arrays are fundamental data structures used for storing and organizing elements of the same type. They provide efficient access to elements based on their index. In this card, we'll explore the basics of arrays, including their declaration, creation, and common operations.
• 2.
  1.Introduction 2.Declaring and CreatingArrays 3.Examples Using Arrays 4.References and Reference Parameters 5.References and Reference Parameters 6.Sorting Arrays 7.Searching Arrays: Linear Search and Binary Search 8.Multidimensional Arrays
• 3.
  Introduction to Arrays Arraysare fundamental data structures in programming that allow you to store and manage collections of related data. They provide a structured way to organize and access information, making them a crucial tool for many algorithms and applications. In this presentation, we will explore the key concepts and practical uses of arrays in C programming, covering everything from declaration and creation to searching and sorting. By the end, you'll have a comprehensive understanding of how to harness the power of arrays to build more efficient and robust programs.
• 5.
  Declaring and CreatingArrays Declaring Arrays To declare an array in C, you need to specify the data type, the name of the array, and the size (or length) of the array. The general syntax is: data_type array_name[size]; For example, to declare an array of 10 integers, you would use: int numbers[10]; Initializing Arrays Arrays can be initialized in several ways, such as by providing a comma- separated list of values enclosed in curly braces, or by using a loop to assign values. For example: int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; This initializes the 'numbers' array with the values 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Dynamic Allocation In some cases, you may need to dynamically allocate memory for an array at runtime. This can be done using the 'malloc()' function. For example: int *numbers = (int*) malloc(sizeof(int) * 10); This creates a dynamically allocated array of 10 integers, which can be useful when the size of the array is not known until runtime.
• 6.
  Examples Using Arrays 1Storing and Accessing Data Arrays allow you to store and access data using index values. For example, you can assign a value to an array element using the index: numbers[0] = 10; And you can retrieve the value of an array element using the index: int value = numbers[3]; 2 Iterating Over Arrays You can use loops to iterate over the elements of an array. This is commonly done using a 'for' loop and the array's index: for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { printf("%d ", numbers[i]); } This will print all the elements of the 'numbers' array. 3 Common Array Operations Arrays support a variety of common operations, such as finding the minimum or maximum value, calculating the sum or average of the elements, and more. These operations can be implemented using loops and conditional statements.
• 7.
  References and ReferenceParameters 1 References In C, you can use references to access the actual memory location of an array element, rather than just the value stored at that location. This can be useful when you want to modify the contents of an array directly, rather than working with a copy of the data. 2 Reference Parameters You can also pass arrays to functions using reference parameters. This allows the function to directly modify the contents of the array, rather than working with a copy. To do this, you need to pass the address of the first element of the array, like this: void myFunction(int *arr, int size) { // Modify the array elements here } 3 Advantages Using references and reference parameters can provide several benefits, such as improved performance, the ability to modify the original data, and reduced memory usage. However, it's important to be careful when working with references, as they can introduce potential pitfalls if not used correctly.
• 8.
  Passing Arrays toMethods Passing by Value When you pass an array to a function, the entire array is not actually passed. Instead, a copy of the first element's address is passed. This is known as "passing by value". This means that any changes made to the array inside the function will not affect the original array. Passing by Reference To modify the original array, you can pass a pointer to the first element of the array. This is known as "passing by reference". By passing a pointer, the function can directly access and modify the elements of the original array. Array Size When passing an array to a function, you'll also need to pass the size of the array, either as a separate parameter or by using a sentinel value (such as -1) to indicate the end of the array. Flexibility Passing arrays to functions allows you to create more flexible and reusable code. Functions can operate on arrays of different sizes and types, making your code more adaptable to changing requirements.
• 10.
  Sorting Arrays Bubble Sort Bubblesort is a simple sorting algorithm that repeatedly steps through the list, compares adjacent elements, and swaps them if they are in the wrong order. This process is repeated until the entire array is sorted. Selection Sort Selection sort works by iteratively finding the minimum element from the unsorted part of the array and swapping it with the first element of the unsorted part. This process is repeated until the entire array is sorted. Insertion Sort Insertion sort works by repeatedly taking an element from the unsorted part of the array and inserting it into the correct position in the sorted part. This process is repeated until the entire array is sorted. These are just a few of the many sorting algorithms available in C. Each algorithm has its own strengths and weaknesses, and the choice of algorithm will depend on factors such as the size of the array, the distribution of the data, and the performance requirements of your application.
• 11.
  Searching Arrays: LinearSearch and Binary Search Linear Search Linear search is a simple algorithm that sequentially checks each element of the array until the target element is found or the end of the array is reached. This algorithm has a time complexity of O(n), where n is the size of the array. Linear search is effective for small arrays or when the target element is likely to be near the beginning of the array. It's also useful when the array is not sorted. Binary Search Binary search is a more efficient algorithm that works by repeatedly dividing the search interval in half. It assumes that the array is already sorted, and it checks the middle element of the array. If the target element is greater than the middle element, the search continues in the right half of the array; otherwise, it continues in the left half. Binary search has a time complexity of O(log n), making it much more efficient than linear search for large, sorted arrays. Choosing the Right Algorithm The choice between linear search and binary search depends on the size and sorting of the array, as well as the specific requirements of your application. Linear search is simpler and more suitable for small, unsorted arrays, while binary search is more efficient for large, sorted arrays.
• 12.
  Multidimensional Arrays 2D Arrays Multidimensionalarrays in C can have more than one dimension. The most common type is the 2D array, which can be thought of as a grid or table of values. To declare a 2D array, you specify the number of rows and columns, like this: int matrix[3][4]; Accessing Elements Accessing elements in a multidimensional array is done by specifying the indices for each dimension. For example, to access an element in a 2D array, you would use: matrix[row][column]; Multidimensional arrays allow you to represent and manipulate complex data structures, making them a powerful tool in many C programming applications.