Python programming –part 7

Python Programming –Part 7
Megha V
Research Scholar
Dept.of IT
Kannur University
16-11-2021 meghav@kannuruniv.ac.in 1

Dictionary
• Creating Dictionary,
• Accessing and Modifying key : value Pairs in Dictionaries
• Built-In Functions used on Dictionaries,
• Dictionary Methods
• Removing items from dictonary

Dictionary
• Unordered collection of key-value pairs
• Defined within braces {}
• Values can be accessed and assigned using square braces []
• Keys are usually numbers or strings
• Values can be any arbitrary Python object

Dictionary
Creating a dictionary and accessing element from dictionary
Example:
dict={}
dict[‘one’]=“This is one”
dict[2]=“This is two”
tinydict={‘name’:’jogn’,’code’:6734,’dept’:’sales’}
studentdict={‘name’:’john’,’marks’:[35,80,90]}
print(dict[‘one’]) #This is one
print(dict[2]) #This is two
print(tinydict) #{name’:’john’,’code’:6734,’dept’:’sales’}
print(tinydict.keys())#dict_keys([’name’,’code’,’dept’])
print(tinydict.value())#dict_values([’john’,6734,’sales’])
print(studentdict) #{name’:’john’,’marks’:[35,80,90])

Dictionary
• We can update a dictionary by adding a new key-value pair or modifying an existing entry
Example:
dict1={‘Name’:’Tom’,’Age’:20,’Height’:160}
print(dict1)
dictl[‘Age’]=25 #updating existing value in Key-Value pair
print ("Dictionary after update:",dictl)
dictl['Weight’]=60 #Adding new Key-value pair
print (" Dictionary after adding new Key-value pair:",dictl)
Output
{'Age':20,'Name':'Tom','Height':160}
Dictionary after update: {'Age’:25,'Name':'Tom','Height': 160)
Dictionary after adding new Key-value pair:
{'Age’:25,'Name':'Tom',' Weight':60,'Height':160}

Dictionary
• We can delete the entire dictionary elements or individual elements in a dictionary.
• We can use del statement to delete the dictionary completely.
• To remove entire elements of a dictionary, we can use the clear() method
Example Program
dictl={'Name':'Tom','Age':20,'Height':160}
print(dictl)
del dictl['Age’] #deleting Key-value pair'Age':20
print ("Dictionary after deletion:",dictl)
dictl.clear() #Clearing entire dictionary
print(dictl)
Output
{'Age': 20, 'Name':'Tom','Height': 160}
Dictionary after deletion: {‘Nme ':' Tom','Height': 160}
{}

Properties of Dictionary Keys
• More than one entry per key is not allowed.
• No duplicate key is allowed.
• When duplicate keys are encountered during assignment, the
last assignment is taken.
• Keys are immutable- keys can be numbers, strings or
tuple.
• It does not permit mutable objects like lists.

Built-In Dictionary Functions
1.len(dict) - Gives the length of the dictionary.
Example Program
dict1= {'Name':'Tom','Age':20,'Height':160}
print(dict1)
print("Length of Dictionary=",len(dict1))
Output
{'Age': 20, 'Name': 'Tom', 'Height': 160}
Length of Dictionary= 3

2.str(dict) - Produces a printable string representation of the dictionary.
Example Program
dict1= {'Name':'Tom','Age':20,'Height' :160}
print(dict1)
print("Representation of Dictionary=",str(dict1))
Output
Representation of Dictionary= {'Age': 20, 'Name': 'Tom', 'Height': 160}

3.type(variable)
• The method type() returns the type of the passed variable.
• If passed variable is dictionary then it would return a dictionary type.
• This function can be applied to any variable type like number, string,
list, tuple etc.

type(variable)
Example Program
dict1= {'Name':'Tom','Age':20,'Height':160}
print(dict1)
print("Type(variable)=",type(dict1) )
s="abcde"
print("Type(variable)=",type(s))
list1= [1,'a',23,'Tom’]
print("Type(variable)=",type(list1))
Output
Type(variable)= <type ‘dict'>
Type(variable)= <type 'str'>
Type(variable)= <type 'list' >

Built-in Dictionary Methods
1.dict.clear() - Removes all elements of dictionary dict.
Example Program
dict1={'Name':'Tom','Age':20,'Height':160}
print(dict1)
dict1.clear()
print(dict1)
Output
{'Age': 20, 'Name':' Tom’ ,'Height': 160}
{}

2.dict.copy() - Returns a copy of the dictionary dict().
3.dict.keys() - Returns a list of keys in dictionary dict
- The values of the keys will be displayed in a random order.
- In order to retrieve keys in sorted order, we can use the sorted() function.
- But for using the sorted() function, all the key should of the same type.
4. dict.values() -This method returns list of all values available in a dictionary
-The values will be displayed in a random order.
- In order to retrieve the values in sorted order, we can use the sorted()
function.
- But for using the sorted() function, all the values should of the same type

5. dict.items() - Returns a list of dictionary dict's(key,value) tuple pairs.
dict1={'Name':'Tom','Age':20,'Height’:160}
print(dict1)
print("Items in Dictionary:",dict1.items())
Output
tems in Dictionary:[('Age', 20),( ' Name ' ,'Tom’), ('Height', 160)]

6. dict1.update(dict2) - The dictionary dict2's key-value pair will be updated in dictionary dictl.
Example:
dictl= {'Name':'Tom','Age':20,'Height':160}
print(dictl)
dict2={'Weight':60}
print(dict2)
dictl.update(dict2)
print(“Dictl updated Dict2:",dictl)
Output
{'Age': 20,'Name':'Tom,' Height':160}
{‘Weight’:60}
Dict1 updated Dict2 :{'Age': 20,'Name':'Tom,' Height':160,’Weight’:60}

7. dict.has_key(key) – Returns true if the key is present in the dictionary, else False
is returned
8. dict.get(key,default=None) – Returns the value corresponding to the key
specified and if the key is not present, it returns the default value
9. dict.setdefault(key,default=None) – Similar to dict.get() byt it will set the key
with the value passed and if the key is not present it will set with default value
10. dict.fromkeys(seq,[val]) – Creates a new dictionary from sequence ‘seq’ and
values from ‘val’

Removing Items from a Dictionary
• The pop() method removes the item with the specified key name.
thisdict={"brand":"Ford","model":"Mustang","year":1964}
thisdict.pop("model")
print(thisdict)
• The popitem() method removes the last inserted item (in versions before 3.7, a random item
is removed instead):
thisdict = {"brand":"Ford","model":"Mustang","year":1964}
thisdict.popitem()
print(thisdict)

Removing Items from a Dictionary
• The del keyword removes the item with the specified key name:
del thisdict["model"]
print(thisdict)
• The del keyword can also delete the dictionary completely:
del thisdict
print(thisdict) #this will cause an error because "thisdict“ no
#longer exists.
• The clear() keyword empties the dictionary
thisdict.clear()

LAB ASSIGNMENT
• Write a Python program to sort(ascending and descending) a dictionary by
value
• Write python script to add key-value pair to dictionary
• Write a Python script to merge two dictionaries

Python programming –part 7

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