Spring framework Introduction

SESSION – 1 & 2
By→ Anuj Kumar Singh

1. A framework, or software framework, is a platform for developing
software applications. It provides a foundation on which software
developers can build programs for a specific purpose.
2. A need of framework is a re-usable design platform for software
systems, which provides support for code libraries.
3. There are framework for Java, PHP, Ruby and many others.
4. All software frameworks are built with the idea of re-usability of the
code and provide tools that help the programmers develop and
mount together the different components of the software project.
What is a Framework?

These are the frames for constructing any building or house, for constructing
any building or house a frame is made first and then only the work based on
that frame is started, so this is what a framework is.
Example: 1

Suppose you have to make a tea on daily basis with several ingredients
like sugar, tea leaves , other spices , etc. In doing so on daily basis most
of the time you will find it is really difficult to put all ingredients in right
ratio all time you can forget sometimes, you have to open several boxes
one by one, one morning you come up with idea of mixing all ingredients
in one jar in one ratio, such that every spoon will serve the right ratio mix
to the tea. ( Off course milk and water remain aside :) )
Example: 2

This jar is your framework. When we want to do lots of things on regular
basis it just consumes time and a framework will not only save time it
will also provide right components in your applications fast and easy.
Popular Frameworks
CSS Bootstrap for front-end, Java Spring and PHP Laravel for back-end

Rod Johnson Ben Alex Thomas Risberg
Rod Johnson  Roderick "Rod" Johnson is an Australian computer specialist who created the
Spring Framework.
Ben Alex  Ben Alex develop and sends ACEGI Security code to Rod Johnson.
Thomas Risberg  Thomas Risberg is responsible for enhancements to the JDBC framework
portion.
Spring Framework  Developers

What is Spring Framework ?
1. Spring framework was developed by Rod Johnson and was first
released in 2003 in Spring Organization now Pivotal.
2. Spring Framework is replacement / alternative of EJB’s (Enterprise
Java Beans) because of heavy weight of EJB’s
3. Earlier name of Spring Framework was Interface21 later changed to
Spring based on Spring season.
4. Spring Framework is a open source Java Platform that provides
support for developing robust (Strong Memory Management and No
Pointers) Java application very easily and rapidly.

EJB is a specification, while Spring is an implementation. Spring itself was
developed as an alternative to EJB 2.0 primarily. There was EJB 3.0
which was developed to rectify the drawbacks in EJB 2.0. So if we
primarily compare EJB 3.0 with Spring on various parameters, it would be
as follows.

EJB’s Spring
The Applications developed under EJB
framework were heavy-weight because it uses
the libraries of the Application server + JDK
(Java Development Kit). EJB container is a part
of application server like JBoss which is heavy-
weight.
Spring is Light-weight because it uses only
it’s Jar file and JDK. It’s is not dependent on
application server that’s makes it much
lighter as compared to the EJB framework.
The Applications developed under EJB were
tightly-coupled i.e. if the other class object is
created in the dependent class then there exist
a Tight-coupling. Any changes in the class
object leads to the change in the Dependent
class.
Spring is loosely-coupled because if we
want any changes in the object of class then
we just need to configure the spring
configuration xml file (Spring manages
objects). We need not to make any changes
in the Dependent Class.
Why Spring Framework not EJB’s

Point of Comparison EJB’s Spring
Transaction Management Only JTA (Java Transaction API)
is supported.
Spring supports a wider
range, including JTA, JDBC,
Hibernate.
Persistence In EJB it is tightly integrated with
JPA (Java Persistence API)
Spring supports a wider range
that includes JPA, Hibernate,
JDBC
State Management Stateful Session Beans in EJB Spring it is indirectly
dependent on container
session management.
AOP EJB provide limited support Spring is more robust support
via AspectJ.
Security EJB has support security through
JAAS (Java Authentication and
Authorization Service)
Spring can go beyond JAAS,
through ACEGI (security 2.0)

Why Spring Framework?
1. Spring is the most popular application development framework for
enterprise. Millions of developers around the world use Spring
Framework to create high performing, easily testable, and reusable
code.
2. Spring is lightweight when it comes to size and transparency. The
basic version of Spring framework is around 2MB.
3. Spring framework is the extensions for building web applications on
top of the Java EE platform.
4. Spring framework targets to make J2EE development easier to use
and promotes good programming practices by enabling a POJO-
based programming model.

Versions of Spring Framework
Version Year Features
0.9 2002
1.0 2003 AOP , Application context concept, DAO support, JDBC
abstraction, Hibernate support, etc
2.0 2006 IoC container, Easier XML configuration, Easier AOP XML
configuration, Tag library for Spring MVC, etc
3.0 2009 Spring Expression Language, IoC enhancements,
Object to XML mapping, @MVC additions, etc
4.0 2013 Core Container Improvements, General Web
Improvements, WebSocket and STOMP Messaging
Testing Improvements, etc
5.0 2017 JDK baseline update, Core container updates. Functional
programming with Kotlin. Testing improvements.

Spring Architecture (Very loosely coupled, components widely reusable)
and separately packaged.

1. Spring allows to decouple software layers by injecting a
component’s dependencies at runtime rather than having them
declared at compile time.
2. Spring provides integration for J2EE services such as EJB, JDBC.
It also integrates several popular ORM toolkits such as Hibernate
and JDO and assorted other services as well.
3. Spring is built on the principle of unchecked exception handling.
This also reduces code dependencies between layers. Spring
provides a granular exception hierarchy for data access operations
and maps JDBC, EJB, and ORM exceptions to Spring exceptions
so that applications can get better information about the error
condition.

Core Container
1. The Core module provides the fundamental parts of the framework,
including the IoC and Dependency Injection features.
2. The Bean module provides BeanFactory, which is a sophisticated
implementation of the factory pattern.
3. The Context module builds on the solid base provided by the Core
and Beans modules and it is a medium to access any objects
defined and configured. The ApplicationContext interface is the
focal point of the Context module.
4. The SpEL module provides a powerful expression language for
querying and manipulating an object graph at runtime.

Data Access/Integration
1. The JDBC module provides a JDBC-abstraction layer that removes
the need for tedious JDBC related coding.
2. The ORM module provides integration layers for popular object-
relational mapping APIs, including JDO, Hibernate.
3. The OXM module provides an abstraction layer that supports
Object/XML mapping implementations for XMLBeans.
4. The Java Messaging Service JMS module contains features for
producing and consuming messages.
5. The Transaction module supports programmatic and declarative
transaction management for classes that implement special
interfaces and for all your POJOs.

Web
1. The Web module provides basic web-oriented integration features
such as multipart file-upload functionality and the initialization of the
IoC container using servlet listeners and a web-oriented application
context.
2. The Web-MVC module contains Spring's Model-View-Controller
(MVC) implementation for web applications.
3. The Web-Socket module provides support for WebSocket-based,
two-way communication between the client and the server in web
applications.
4. The Web-Portlet module provides the MVC implementation to be
used in a portlet environment and mirrors the functionality of Web-
Servlet module.

Miscellaneous
1. The AOP module provides an aspect-oriented programming
implementation allowing you to define method-interceptors and
pointcuts to cleanly decouple code.
2. The Aspects module provides integration with AspectJ, which is
again a powerful and mature AOP framework.
3. The Instrumentation module provides class instrumentation support
and class loader implementations to be used in certain application
servers.
4. The Messaging module provides support for STOMP as the
WebSocket sub-protocol to use in applications.
5. The Test module supports the testing of Spring components with
frameworks.

What is MVC(Model View Controller)
1. It follow the software Architectural pattern.
2. One of the most frequently used pattern.
3. Separate application functionality.

Model: (All Business Logic ) Pogo, Business Object, DAO classes
1. Data related logic
2. Interaction with database (INSERT,DELETE,UPDATE,SELECT)
3. Communication with Controller.
4. Can sometimes update the View
View: (Presentation View)  jsp, html, css
1. What the end user see.
2. Usually consist of HTML/CSS
3. Communicate with Controller.
4. Template Engine for variables
Controller: (request , response) Servlet
1. Receives request from View (url form)
2. Process the request.
3. Gets data from Model.
4. Response with data to the View.

1. We have Controller which handle the request coming from client, but
the controller don’t get request directly, first the request is passed
(filtered) from the Dispatcher-Servlet.
2. The Dispatcher-Servlet is also known as Front-Controller provided
by Spring Framework and it is present inside the web.xml file.
3. The Dispatcher-Servlet or Front-Controller get to know about what
client has requested for, with the help of Configuration File
(configSpring.xml).
4. The Configuration File has all the mapping information for Controller
through Front-Controller.
5. And based on that mapping the response is generated by the
Controller and transferred to the Client.

Advantages of Spring MVC
1. Separate roles - The Spring MVC separates each role, where the
model object, controller, command object, view resolver,
DispatcherServlet, validator, etc. can be fulfilled by a specialized
object.
2. Light-weight - It uses light-weight servlet container to develop and
deploy your application.
3. Powerful Configuration - It provides a robust configuration for both
framework and application classes that includes easy referencing
across contexts, such as from web controllers to business objects and
validators.
4. Rapid development - The Spring MVC facilitates fast and parallel
development.

5. Reusable business code - Instead of creating new objects, it allows
us to use the existing business objects.
6. Easy to test - In Spring, generally we create JavaBeans classes
that enable you to inject test data using the setter methods.
7. Flexible Mapping - It provides the specific annotations that easily
redirect the page.

IDE’S (Integrated Development Environment’s) Available
1. Eclipse
Step 1: Click on File
Step 2: Select New
Step 3: Click on Other…
1. Eclipse
2. NetBeans
3. IntelliJ IDEA
etc
Project Setup in Eclipse and NetBeans

Step 4: Click on Maven Project
Step 5: Click on Next

Step 6: Browse and Set the default location for saving files

Step 8: Select the webapp Group Id and Artifact Id

Step 10: Give Artifact Name
Step 11: Click on Finish

2. NetBeans
Step 1: Click on New Project
Step 2: Select Java Web
Step 3: Select Web Application

Step 5: Give Project Name

Step 7: Select the Server

Step 9: Select the Spring Web MVC
Step 10: Click on Finish

Example
1. POJO (PLAIN OLD JAVA OBJECT)

Spring framework Introduction

Spring framework Introduction

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