Sustainable architecture

SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE
ARUNDATHI.D
1216512104
4/5 B.ARCH, 7TH SEM
GSA, GITAM UNI.

SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE:
 Sustainable architecture is architecture that seeks to minimize
the negative environmental impact of buildings by efficiency and
moderation in the use of materials, energy, and development
space. Sustainable architecture uses a conscious approach to
energy and ecological conservation in the design of the built
environment
Sustainability - Meeting the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN:
Reduces the negative impact on the environment and human
health, thus improving the performance during a building’s life
cycle. Careful consideration is given to water, energy, building
materials, and solid waste.

GREEN BUILDING:
 Green building is the practice of increasing the efficiency of
buildings and their use of energy, water, and materials, and
reducing building impacts on human health and the environment,
through better sitting, design, construction, operation,
maintenance, and removal — taking into account every aspect of
the complete building life cycle.
Sustainable development and sustainability are
integral to green building. Effective green building
can lead to
1) reduced operating costs by increasing
productivity and using less energy and water,
2) improved public and occupant health due to
improved indoor air quality,
and
3) reduced environmental impacts by using
sustainable resources.

NEED FOR SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE:
Architecture is an essential arena for sustainable innovation.
Our homes are one of the most important assets of our lives.
Our world needs help gaining popularity on that list. With the help
of sustainable architecture , a green design can successfully meld
beauty and functionality together to save our planet from us.
 Increase of population day by day .
 People migrating from rural to urban
with hope.
Depletion of natural resources.
High energy and natural resources are
consumed due to huge population.
Effect on bio diversity.

NEED FOR SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE:
A CROWDED WORLD MIGRATION-
RURAL TO URBAN
DEPLETION OF
NATURAL RESOURCES
HIGH ENERGY AND
HIGH RESOURCE
CONSUMING
EFFECT ON BIO
DIVERSITY

Economy of Resources
• Energy Conservation
• Water Conservation
• Materials Conservation
Life Cycle Design
• Pre-Building Phase
• Building Phase
• Post-Building Phase
Humane Design
• Preservation for Natural Conditions
• Urban Design and Site Planning
• Design for Human Comfort
METHODS FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE
DESIGN:

By economizing resources, the architect reduces the use of
Non-renewable resources in the construction and operation of
buildings.
There is a continuous flow of resources, natural
and manufactured, in and out of a building.
This flow begins with the production of building materials and continues
throughout the building’s life span to create an environment for sustaining
human well-being and activities.
 After a building’s useful life, it should turn into components for other
buildings.
Economy of Resources:
The second principle of sustainable architecture is life cycle design (LCD).
 This “cradle-to-grave” approach recognizes environmental consequences of the
entire life cycle of architectural resources, from procurement to return to nature.
LCD is based on the notion that a material transmigrates from one form of useful life
to another, with no end to its usefulness.
Life Cycle Design:

Life Cycle Design:
Humane Design:
While economy of resources and life cycle design deal with efficiency and
conservation, humane design is concerned with the livability of all constituents of the
global ecosystem, including plants and wildlife.
This is deeply rooted in the need to preserve the chain elements of the
ecosystems that allow human survival.

ELEMENTS OF SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE:
1. Green roof:
A green roof can lower the temperature in your house, improve
local air quality and help add green space in urban areas
where concrete is the major material.
Green roofs can be as simple as a couple of types of ground cover
or include a beautiful mix of moss, succulents, ground cover, and
even herbs and plants.
2. Solar shingles:
Solar panels are an excellent way to save energy and reduce energy
bills.
Solar shingles are a bit pricier to install than traditional solar
panels, since they not only help power the building, but they're
actually roof shingles.
3. Cob houses:
Cob is an ancient building material that's basically wet earth and
straw mixed together and rolled into loaf-sized pieces or cobs. The
mixture is very similar to clay, and what makes cob houses unique
and beautiful is the organic shape.

4. Rainwater harvesting:
The basic idea behind a rainwater harvesting system is to capture
water to irrigate your garden and sometimes to use in the home.
To install any sort of rainwater harvesting system, it's important to
check local laws first. Some areas don't allow any rainwater harvesting.
5. Shipping container buildings:
Like with cob houses, shipping container buildings address the high
impact associated with traditional building materials.
 Instead of using new materials that have to be manufactured,
shipping container homes reclaim old shipping crates and use them to
create prefabricated structures. Shipping crates can be stacked vertically
or lined up side-by-side to create residential or commercial buildings.

PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE:
Small is beautiful.
Heat with the sun.
Let nature cool food.
Energy efficient.
Conserve water.
Use of local materials.
Use of natural materials.
Save the forests.
Recycle materials .
Built to last.
Grow your food.
Share facilities.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY
-SMALL IS GOOD
-PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN
-ACTIVE SOLAR DESIGN
-HIGH LEVELS OF INSULATION
-EFFICIENT HEATING OF AIR & WATER
-THERMAL MASS
-VENTILATION
-EFFICIENT LIGHTING
WASTE MANAGEMENT
-THROUGH DESIGNING IN MODULES
-RECYCLING WHILE BUILDING
-GREY WATER SYSTEMS
-LOW FLOW TAPS & SHOWERS
BUILDING MATERIALS
-USE OF RENEWABLE, NON TOXIC MATERIALS
-USE OF RECYCLABLE/RECYCLED MATERIALS
-LOCALLY SOURCED TO REDUCE TRANSPORT
HOW TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN:

ENERGY DESIGN STRATERGY:
Optimize building envelope, minimize demand through serious
conservation, and supply energy with maximum efficiency
and using renewable:
Site micro-climate
Energy conservation
Passive solar heating
Passive cooling and natural ventilation
Day lighting
Renewable resources
Spectrum:
Traditional vernacular -sustainability by default.
Existing-architecture-made-more-sustainable.
Environmental determinism.
Symbiotic relationship with natural environment.

INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY:
Comfort:
Conventional standards seek stasis or ‘optimum’.
Change is the natural state of affairs.
People are more ‘forgiving’ of buildings which offer
more control.
Dynamic environments stimulate –within limits.
IAQ:
Ventilation.
Air quality.
Pollutants.
SUSTAINABLE BUILDING MATERIALS:
Sustainable sources.
Extraction, processing, manufacture.
Embodied energy.
Transport, assembly.
Life cycle maintenance.
Emissions.
Recycling, disposal.
-NB composite materials.

SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS:
ENGINEERED WOOD
Use structural elements manufactured with a minimum amount of high-grade wood.
SUSTAINABLE LUMBER
Use certified sustainable lumber.
Use fast-growing materials like bamboo flooring.
RE-USED WOOD
Use re-cut lumber from recently dismantled buildings.
RECYCLED MANUFACTURED MATERIALS
Use materials manufactured with a high recycled content.
LONG-LIFE AND LOW-MAINTENANCE MATERIALS
Use materials that last, with minimum or no maintenance costs.
LOW-ENERGY MATERIALS
Use materials that require minimal energy to manufacture, transport, and grow.
RECYCLED AND ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS
Straw-bale construction.
Cob (straw and earth) construction.
Pre-fabricated panel wall & roof systems.
Post and beam construction.
Construction methods that the owner can use to build the home themselves.

RECYCLED MATERIALS:
Sustainable architecture often incorporates the use of recycled or
second hand materials, such as reclaimed lumber and recycled copper.
The reduction in use of new materials creates a corresponding
reduction in embodied energy (energy used in the production of
materials).
Often sustainable architects attempt to retrofit old structures to
serve new needs in order to avoid unnecessary development.
When older buildings are demolished, frequently any good wood is
reclaimed, renewed, and sold as flooring. Any good dimension stone is
similarly reclaimed.
Existing buildings can remodel and install improved
mechanical components and update operating systems to
make a building green.
Many other parts are reused as well, such as doors, windows, mantels, and hardware, thus
reducing the consumption of new goods.
 When new materials are employed, green designers look for materials that are rapidly
replenished, such as bamboo, which can be harvested for commercial use after only 6 years of
growth, sorghum or wheat straw, both of which are waste material that can be pressed into panels,
or cork oak, in which only the outer bark is removed for use, thus preserving the tree.
SUSTAINABLE REMODELING:

RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION:
Solar panels:
Active solar devices such as photovoltaic solar panels help to provide
sustainable electricity for any use. Electrical output of a solar panel is
dependent on orientation, efficiency, latitude, and climate—solar gain
varies even at the same latitude.
Roofs are often angled toward the sun to allow photovoltaic panels to
collect at maximum efficiency.
Solar panels can produce adequate energy if aligned within 30° of south.
Wind turbines:
The use of undersized wind turbines in energy production in sustainable
structures requires the consideration of many factors.
In considering costs, small wind systems are generally more expensive
than larger wind turbines relative to the amount of energy they produce.
Building integrated wind turbine performance can be enhanced with the
addition of an aerofoil wing on top of a roof mounted turbine.

Solar water heating:
Solar water heaters, also called solar domestic hot water systems, can
be a cost-effective way to generate hot water for a home.
 They can be used in any climate, and the fuel they use—sunshine—is
free. Solar water heaters, also called solar domestic hot water systems,
can be a cost-effective way to generate hot water for a home.
They can be used in any climate, and the fuel they use—sunshine—is
free.
There are also two types of circulation, direct circulation systems and
indirect circulation systems. Direct circulation systems loop the domestic
water through the panels. . Indirect circulation loops glycol or some other
fluid through the solar panels and uses a heat exchanger to heat up the
domestic water.
With the use of solar collectors, the energy use is cut in half.
Heat pumps:
Air-source heat pumps are inexpensive relative to other heat pump
systems. However, the efficiency of air-source heat pumps decline when
the outdoor temperature is very cold or very hot; therefore, they are only
really applicable in temperate climates
Other types of heat pumps are water-source and air-earth. If the building is located near a body of
water, the pond or lake could be used as a heat source or sink. Air-earth heat pumps circulate the
building's air through underground ducts. With higher fan power requirements and inefficient heat
transfer, Air-earth heat pumps are generally not practical for major construction.

TYPES OF GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS:
Any type of building can incorporate green and sustainable design principles.
Depending on the function of the building, consideration is given to efficiency in
materials, mechanical systems, and operating cost in the design process.
•Homes.
•Schools.
•Commercial and public buildings.
•Laboratories.
•Health care facilities.
Sustainable buildings examples:
CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre, Hyderabad.
Infinity Benchmark, Salt Lake City, Kolkata.
 Suzlon One Earth, Pune.
Patni (i-GATE) Knowledge Center, Noida.
Great Lakes Institute of Management, Chennai.
 ITC Royal Gardenia, Bangalore.

CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre, Hyderabad:
This building is one of the world’s best example of passive
architectural design. (GBC) is unofficially world’s most environment
friendly construction for the use of water and energy efficient
technologies. The building is literally made completely out of
recycled material.
The building does not discharge any waste water and recycles all
the used water. The building design comprises of two air
conditioning towers.
The roof is covered with roof garden as well as solar photovoltaic
thereby reducing the energy consumption by almost 60% against a
comparable conventional building.
Infinity Benchmark, Salt Lake City, Kolkata:
Inaugurated in 2009, this 5,60,000 sq. feet of space spread over
20 floors was then to receive a LEED Platinum rating.
 This building is equipped with CO2 monitoring sensors, intelligent
humidification controls, rainwater harvesting & waste water
recycling systems. The building design reduces the overall energy
costs by 30% .

Infinity Benchmark, Salt Lake City, Kolkata:
This headquarters of India’s largest green energy company truly lives up to the
expectations. Suzlon one earth is 100% powered by onsite and offsite renewable sources.
The campus has 18 hybrid wind turbines that fulfil 7% of the total energy consumption, the
rest of energy demand is met from offsite wind turbines.
90% of the occupied spaces in the campus have daylight exposure, all the lighting used is
also LED that reduces the overall consumption. Daylight sensors & occupancy sensors are
installed across the building that automatically controls the artificial lighting in presence of
daylight and turn off the lights when no one is around.
More than 70% of the building material used has a reduced carbon footprint. Jet fans are
installed in the basements that push out stale air and bring in fresh air from time to time,
this systems consumes 50% less energy as compared to conventional ducted basement
ventilation system.
 Even the pavements and roads within the campus are designed to enable water
percolation and thereby control storm water runoff thus, contributing towards an increased
water table level.

Patni (i-GATE) Knowledge Center, Noida:
This Noida office of Patni (now i-gate) is one of India’s largest
LEED Platinum certified office space. The building design utilizes
passive (architectural) and active (mechanical/ electrical)
strategies to minimize energy consumption. The building depth
has been optimally designed to capture daylight for more than
75% of the occupied interiors. More than 95% of the occupied
workspace in the building receives outdoor view. Almost 50% of
the land cover is green area and the building does not discharge
any waste recycling all its sewage water.
Great Lakes Institute of Management, Chennai:
Located at the scenic Chennai Pondicherry highway, the campus of
this b-school lives up to its name. The institute is of the few LEED
Platinum certified educational institutions in the world. Spread over 27
acres it certainly is the most energy efficient academic center in India.
ITC Royal Gardenia, Bangalore:
ITC Gardenia in Bangalore has reduced heat gain to large extent by
their design and have experienced serious energy savings. High
performance Envelope includes cavity walls which has two skins of
bricks with a hollow space in between which helps in slowly drawing
rainwater or even humidity into the wall.
This has also flavored the living walls that they have adopted by
decorating the walls in interiors with plants.

REFERENCES:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_architecture
http://www.slideshare.net/Dingus009/sustainable-architecture-ppt
http://www.slideshare.net/deepthi12345/green-buildings
http://www.greenhomebuilding.com/articles/susarch.htm
http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1450-569X/2004/1450-
569X0411091M.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_building_in_India
http://www.btsquarepeg.com/sustainable/methods/

Sustainable architecture

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