Understanding-the-Computer-System powerpoint

Understanding the
Computer System

Objectives:
 Define what is a computer
 Identify and classify the components of the
computer system and its functions.
 Value the significance of the computer in our
lives nowadays.

Name some places where we
can find computer.

How does the computers change
our lives?

Nowadays you can find computers
in many places such as ;
 Home
 libraries
 shopping malls offices
 Stores
 factories
 banks
 diagnostic laboratories
 outer space.

Computer – is an electronic
machine that processes and
stores information.

Hardware- the physical,
touchable, electronic and
mechanical parts of a computer
system.

Major Hardware Components Of A
Computer System
 1. System Unit- The main part of a microcomputer, sometimes
called the chassis. It includes the following parts: Motherboard,
Microprocessor, Memory Chips, Buses, Ports, Expansion Slots and
Cards.

Computer System
 2. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board- The main circuit board
of a computer. It contains all the circuits and components that run
the computer.

Computer System
 3. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The processor is the main “brain”
or “heart” of a computer system. It performs all of the instructions
and calculations that are needed and manages the flow of
information through a computer.

 4. Primary storage- (internal storage, main memory or memory) is
the computer's working storage space that holds data, instructions
for processing and processed data (information) waiting to be sent
to secondary storage. Physically, primary storage is a collection of
RAM chips.

 5. Expansion Bus - A bus is a data pathway between several
hardware components inside or outside a computer. It does not
only connect the parts of the CPU to each other, but also links the
CPU with other important hardware

 6. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Installed in the back corner of the PC
case, next to the motherboard. It converts 120vac (standard house
power) into DC voltages that are used by other components in the
PC.

 7. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - Also known as hard drive, is a magnetic
storage device that is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is
used as permanent storage for data. In a Windows computer, the
hard drive is usually configured as the C: drive and contains the
operating system and applications.

 8. Optical Drive- An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers
to read data on the optical media. There are three types of optical
drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray
Disc (BD).

 10. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) - Designed to optically access data
stored on a DVD. A laser moves back and forth near the disk surface
and accesses data at a very fast rate.

Two (2) Types of Memory
 ROM – (Read Only Memory) ROM is non-volatile, meaning it holds
data even when the power is ON or OFF.
 RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it holds
data only when the power is on. When the power is off, RAM's
contents are lost.

Storage Devices - computer equipment
on which information can be stored.

B. Input Devices - Accepts data
and instructions from the user or
from another computer system.

Two (2) Types of Input Devices
 1. Keyboard Entry – Data is inputted to the computer through a
keyboard.
 Keyboard - The first input device developed for the PC. Data is
transferred to the PC over a short cable with a circular 6-pin Mini-din
connector that plugs into the back of the motherboard.

 2. Direct Entry – A form of input that does
not require data to be keyed by someone
sitting at a keyboard. Direct-entry devices
create machine-readable data on paper,
or magnetic media, or feed it directly into
the computer’s CPU.

Direct Entry Devices
 . Pointing Devices - An input device used to move the pointer
(cursor) on screen.
 · Mouse - The most common 'pointing device' used in PCs. Every mouse
has two buttons and most have one or two scroll wheels.

 Touch screen- A display screen that is sensitive to the touch of a
finger or stylus. Used in myriad applications, including ATM
machines, retail point-of-sale terminals, car navigation and industrial
controls. The touch screen became wildly popular for smart phones
and tablets.

 2. Scanning Devices (Scanner)- A device that
can read text or illustrations printed on paper
and translates the information into a form the
computer can use.

 3. Voice- Input Devices - Audio input devices also known as speech
or voice recognition systems that allow a user to send audio signals
to a computer for processing, recording, or carrying out commands.
Audio input devices such as microphones allow users to speak to
the computer in order to record a voice message or navigate
software.

 C. Output Devices - Any piece of computer hardware that displays
results after the computer has processed the input data that has
been entered.

 1. Computer Display Monitor - It displays information in
visual form, using text and graphics. The portion of the
monitor that displays the information is called the screen
or video display terminal.

 2. LCD Projectors- utilize two sheets of polarizing material with a
liquid crystal solution between them. An electric current passed
through the liquid causes the crystals to align so that light cannot
pass through them. Each crystal, therefore, is like a shutter, either
allowing light to pass through or blocking the light.

3. Smart Board - A type of display screen that has a touch
sensitive transparent panel covering the screen, which is
similar to a touch screen.

 4. Printer - A device that prints text or illustrations on paper.

 Speakers - Used to play sound. They may be built into the system
unit or connected with cables. Speakers allow you to listen to music
and hear sound effects from your computer.

 Ports - External connecting sockets on the outside of the computer.
This is a pathway into and out of the computer. A port lets users plug
in outside peripherals, such as monitors, scanners and printers.

 Cables and Wires- A cable is most often two or more wires running
side by side and bonded, twisted or braided together to form a
single assembly, but can also refer to a heavy strong rope.

 Software - is the set of instructions (also called a
program) that guides the hardware to operate
effectively. Software can be split into two main
types:

System Software – Any software required to support
the production or execution of application programs,
but which is not specific to any particular
application. Common operating systems include
Windows, the Macintosh OS, IOS, OS/2 and
UNIX. LINUX ,MAC

2. Application Software – Designed to help the user to
perform singular or multiple related tasks. Examples of
application software are as follows:
 Word processing software - Creates, edits, saves, and prints
documents.
 Example: MS Word, Libre Office, Ami Pro, MacWrite. Google Docs

 . Spreadsheet software - An electronic spreadsheet consisting of
rows and columns is used to present and analyze data.
 Example: MS Excel, Lotus 123, Quattro Pro.

 Database management software - Used to structure a database, a
large collection of computer programs. Data is organized as fields
and records for easy retrieval. Example: MS Access, dBase, Fox Pro,
Oracle.

Graphic software - Graphics programs display results of
data manipulation for easier analysis and presentation.
Example: Macromedia Flash, Harvard Graphics, 3D Studio
Max, Adobe Photoshop

 People ware - Refers to people involved in the
data processing operations such as the system
administrator, office workers, students and
others.

Instructions: Classify the following computer parts. Write ID if it an
input device, PD if it is a process device, OD if it is an output device
and SD if it is a storage device. Write your answer on your ¼ sheet
of paper.
1. Mouse
2. Printer
3. Monitor
4. USB Flash Drive
5. Speaker
6. Hard Disk Drive
7. Keyboard
8. Memory Card
9. Scanner
10. Microphone

Answer:
1. Mouse - ID
2. Printer - OD
3. Monitor - OD
4. USB Flash Drive - SD
5. Speaker - OD
6. Hard Disk Drive - SD
7. Keyboard - ID
8. Memory card - SD
9. Scanner - ID
10. Microphone - ID

 How do the computers change our lives?
 What are the significance of the computer
in your life as a student?

 List down at least 5 computer components inside
a system unit. Write your answer in your note
book.

Understanding-the-Computer-System powerpoint

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to Understanding-the-Computer-System powerpoint

Recently uploaded

Understanding-the-Computer-System powerpoint