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The document provides information about working at heights training, including: - The aims are to provide personnel working at heights with practical knowledge and application of safe practices to prevent injury. - The objectives include identifying fall regulations and risks, demonstrating safety equipment use, and emergency response procedures. - It discusses examples of working at heights, regulations and responsibilities to control fall risks, and the goals of reducing falls injuries.
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- 1. Working at Heights Training RST– 1 April 2010 Welcome to Produced BY Kingsley Okeke CMIOSH, CSP, MNIM
- 2. Copyright ©2008 The9001 Store Housekeeping No Smoking OSHA Participation PhonesPunctuality DocumentationCertificatesData Forms
- 3. Aims of thisCourse 3 To provide personnel working at heights with the practical knowledge and application of safe practices which will prevent injury.
- 4. RST-FP&FF V2 GL27-11-11 4 Safety Alerts
- 5. Course Objectives 5 Identifythe regulations and standards that focus on preventing fall related incidents applicable to working at heights. Demonstrate the ability to identify potential risks when working at heights and measures to prevent and control them. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the safety systems and equipment needed to maintain and prevent fall related incidents. Demonstrate a working knowledge of personal protective equipment required for working at heights including details on selection, inspection, conservation and the equipment’s limitation of use.
- 6. 6 Course Objectives Demonstrateknowledge of what to do in emergency situations, including basic rescue techniques and first aid. Demonstrate awareness of resources and documentation available that will enforce protection against falls while working at heights
- 7. Introduction 7 Working at heighthas always been a hazardous business … Gravity had much the same strength in the 1930’s as it has now …Then, as now, limbs were just as prone to break in a fall vital organs to tear and crush … skulls - to crack … brains - to splatter … but you wouldn’t necessarily know it from the following pictures
- 8. 8 Lifting Empire State BuildingEmpire State Building
- 9. 9 Golden Gate Bridge Riveting EmpireState Building
- 10. 10 Bolting Empire State Building Slinging EmpireState Building
- 11. 11 What is workingat height? Definitions: “A place is ‘at height’ if a person could be injured falling from it, even if it is at or below ground level.” Work’ includes moving around at a place of work (except by a staircase in a permanent workplace) but not travel to or from a place of work.” Work at height means work in any place where, if precautions were not taken, a person could fall down and injure themselves. If you do any of the following then you will be working at height, because you can fall from one level to another. • Work above ground level. • Could fall from an edge, through an opening or fragile surface. • Could fall from ground level into an opening in a floor or hole in the ground.
- 12. RST-FP&FF V2 GL27-11-11 12 • When your feet are 6 feet or above where there is a potential for a person to sustain injury by falling from one surface to another surface that is not at the same level. • When work is performed at elevations of 6 feet or more or near the edge of an unprotected work stand or platform where you may fall 6 feet or more. • When work is performed where there is a potential for a person to sustain injury by falling from one surface to another surface that is not at the same level. What is considered working at heights?
- 13. 13 Every effort shouldbe taken to work at grade alternatives before beginning work at height. Keep in mind that if you can do it on a flat surface, it is less dangerous. What examples of working at height can you think of in your workplace? What are the risks involved with work at height? What is considered working at heights?
- 14. 14 Examples of workingat height • Using working platforms such as scaffolds, tower. • Scaffolds, cherry pickers, scissor lifts and podium steps. • Work on a roof, piece of plant or equipment. • Using ladders or stepladders.
- 15.
- 16. RST-FP&FF V2 GL27-11-11 16 Regulations What are the employer’s responsibilities? What are your responsibilities?
- 17. 17 Work at HeightRegulations 2005
- 18. 18 Work at HeightRegulations 2005 The Working at Height Regulations 2005 (WAHR) have no minimum height requirement for work at height. They include all work activities where there is a need to control a risk of falling a distance liable to cause personal injury The Work at Height Regulations 2005 were introduced in a bid to prevent death and injury caused by falls from height, therefore minimizing risks to workers. Employers, facilities managers, building owners and anyone else that controls work at height, including the self-employed can be held responsible should an accident occur. They would be liable if an accident occurred and the equipment was found to be faulty or uncertified
- 19. 19 These individuals andorganizations have a legal responsibility to ensure that the Work at Height Regulations 2005 are implemented and that all activity is properly planned, supervised and carried out by competent persons. They are also responsible for ensuring that fall protection systems for Work at Height are inspected regularly, at a maximum 12 monthly intervals, but more frequently when working in hazardous environments. Work at Height Regulations 2005
- 20. 20 Who is responsiblefor Working at Height? People The employer (or organization that controls Work at Height, such as a facilities management company) is required to take responsibility for certain duties of care under the Work at Height Regulations 2005. The regulations state that the employer must ensure that workers have available to them the appropriate Work at Height equipment, including Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Workers should also receive appropriate training in the use of that equipment and whilst they are in training with the equipment, they should be properly supervised.
- 21. 21 Who is responsiblefor Working at Height? Equipment Regulation 12 of The Work at Height Regulations deals specifically with the inspection of fall protection equipment. Here, the responsibility lies with the employer to have Work at Height equipment properly tested and inspected on a regular basis. For example, in the case of a handrail and guardrail (under PUWER 1998) this would require at least 12 monthly inspections, or more frequently if the environment is hazardous.
- 22. 22 Who is responsiblefor Working at Height? Place The Work at Height Regulations also state that surfaces, parapets or permanent rails, where work is to be carried out, should be checked on every occasion before that equipment is used. Again, it would be the responsibility of the employer (the Duty Holder) to ensure this is carried out effectively. The legislation points to certain ‘danger areas’ such as fragile surfaces, where it advises that special consideration is given. In case of fragile surfaces, the employer (or contractor responsible for the work) must ensure that a suitable and sufficient platform or covering is supplied.
- 23. 23 They must alsotake all precautions to ensure that the distances from these surfaces to the ground are restricted to minimize the consequences of a fall. Another responsibility of the employer or duty holder is to ensure that workers are alerted to fragile surfaces with prominent warning notices as they approach the hazard. In addition the guidance recommends that equipment is made available, such as guardrail, to prevent an individual entering a dangerous Work at Height area. Who is responsible for Working at Height?
- 24. 24 Reduce deathand major injuries from falls from height. HSC/ HSE targets 10% reduction in death and major injuries by 2020. Working with sectors were falls are an issue; – Caretakers – Facilities Management Companies – Maintenance / fitters – Construction / Installation Falls Program .
- 25. 25 The Work atHeight Regulations Background: The background to the Regulations, where they came from, why have Regulations? Scope: What is work at height. Who and what is covered by the Regulations. Managing risks from work at height: What duty holders need to do. The hierarchy. Selecting the right equipment: How to make sure that the equipment selected is safe and fit for purpose. Other Requirements: What else needs to be considered or put in place to ensure people work at height safely. Summary
- 26. 26 Background : Objectives Temporary Work at Height Directive (2001/45/EC) Bring existing legislation together into risk based regulation Maintain and improve standards The Work at Height Regulations (WAHR) are goal setting and risk based and seek to maintain and improve current standards. They bring together duties from; •The Workplace Regulations 1992, •The Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1996, •The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998,
- 27. 27 The Regulations wereconsulted upon during 2004 including a focused consultation on retaining the requirements for particular precautions for construction work at or above 2mtrs. [It may be appropriate to discuss the 2 metre rule and why it was not retained. The main points are; The TWAH Directive and the Work at Height Regulation makes no reference to any specific height. The 2-metre rule has been misrepresented – the Construction Regulations say that suitable and sufficient steps shall be taken , ASAIRP., to prevent any person falling’ 2 metres applied only where particular work equipment should be used. In fact several fatal and two thirds of major injury accidents occur at heights below two metres and it is important that action is taken to stop them. Current position
- 28. 28 The Regulations havebeen in force since 6 April 2005. There is no transitional period as the regulations consolidate what should be existing good practice. However it is understood that industry will need to familiarise themselves with the regulations and ensure that what they do is sufficient to comply. There is no Approved Code of Practice (ACOP) produced for the new Regulations. HSE are taking a different approach to communicate the Regulations. This is based on A Brief Guide to the Regulations and promoting sector specific guidance. Current position WAHR
- 29. 29 WAH Regulations: Overview Scope Risk assessment/organisation/planning Avoid – Prevent – Minimize In this part of the presentation we will look more closely at the Work at Height Regulations, Who is covered, The arrangements you should have in place for work at height, The hierarchy for controlling the risk from work at height; avoid work at height where possible, prevent falls where work must take place at height and minimize the consequences of a possible fall. We will also look at the selection of the right work equipment and what other precautions that may need to be taken when planning or working at height. And finally, some key messages from HSE about the Regulations and their effect on the work place. Select the right Work Equipment Other Precautions Key messages
- 30. 30 Scope: What Sectorsare covered? Covers all industries: e.g. construction, agriculture, manufacturing, maintenance etc; but not those paid to lead or train climbing and caving Duty holders are: – Employers; – Self-employed; and – Those in control of people at work There are also specific duties placed on employees to use equipment provided in accordance with the training received and the instructions given. To report any defect or activity that is likely to endanger the safety of the employee or another person.
- 31. 31 Organisation, Planning, Competence Allwork at height should be properly planned and appropriately supervised. This includes planning for an emergency or rescue should the need occur. Generally, you should take sensible precautions to protect against bad weather. However, work at height should not be carried out when weather conditions might endanger health and safety. This could be in high winds or where low temperatures make surfaces slippery. The emergency services are excluded from this part of the Regulations, although they must still do what they reasonably can to protect their employees. .
- 32. 32 Those working atheight should be competent to do so or if being trained they should be supervised by a competent person. There is no definition of “competent” in the Regulations. However a competent person would generally be expected to have had the right level of, formal training, experience, and/ or instruction for them to be able to do their job to the level of responsibility required. Competence also includes involvement in organisation, planning, supervision, and the supply and maintenance of equipment Organisation, Planning, Competence
- 33. 33 Risk Assessment Regulation3 of the Management of Health and Safety at work Regulations Do a risk assessment Risk assessment – All work should be risk based, well organised and planned in advance. There is a requirement to complete a risk assessment for work at height. If you employ 5 or more persons you should keep a written record of this risk assessment. For many tasks your risk assessment might be simple and straightforward. For example it will often be enough to follow good practice for the task you are doing, e.g. using a kick stool. But in other case where what you are doing is more complicated a more detailed risk assessment might be needed. For further information, HSE has produced “5 steps to risk assessment” Risk Assessment Clip
- 34. 34 Assessing and ManagingHazards A hazard analysis must be conducted regardless of whether fall protection already exists. Hazards associated with working at height must be identified and addressed prior to beginning work. The analysis must include, but is not limited to the: • Likelihood of falling. If a fall is likely, then a means to prevent a fall must be put in place. If fall prevention is not possible, adequate fall protection must be provided. • Risk of injury to a person if a person falls. • Risk of falling objects to workers below
- 35. 35 Assessing and ManagingHazards The hazard analysis shall identify control measures that reduce the potential for injury to personnel working at height. These control measures fall into two broad categories: • Fall prevention- (1st Choice) Fall prevention shall be used in place of fall protection to minimize the risk to personnel from falling during work at height when possible. • Fall protection- When fall prevention is not available fall protection / PPE shall be used. Where feasible, eliminate the need for elevated work through design or facility modifications through the installation of permanent platforms with prevention in the form of; handrails, toe boards, drop bars, etc.
- 36. 36 Avoid - Prevent- Minimise • Avoid work at height – if you don’t have to go up there DON’T! • Prevent falls – use an existing place or means of access – Use the most suitable way of working – Select the most suitable equipment
- 37. 37 Avoid – Prevent- Minimise Minimise the distance and consequences – Minimise the consequences – Take other measures to prevent injury eg instruction, information and training
- 38. 38 Select the rightequipment Collective protection before personal protection Select guardrails/working platforms before personal fall prevention (eg work restraint) Select nets/airbags before personal fall arrest The Regulations require that duty holders consider the use of collective protection equipment before anything else.
- 39. 39 Choice equipment -Lanyard
- 40.
- 41.
- 42. 42 Select the rightequipment Working conditions Access and Egress Distance and consequences of a fall Duration and frequency of use/task Ease of rescue/evacuation Risk of use, installation and removal of equipment Guardrails Working platforms (scaffolds/MEWPS etc) Nets/Airbags Personal Fall Protection systems Ladders
- 43. 43 Communication What HSEhave done What HSE would like you to do How will HSE know if they are getting it right? HSE Key Message If you follow good practice you should be doing enough to comply Do a risk assessment, plan and organise your work properly Follow the hierarchy: avoid – prevent minimise Choose the right equipment - select collective protection before personal Guide supported by Industry Specific Guidance.
- 44. 44 Fall factors –always try to connect above the worker. Make sure the operative is trained to use the equipment properly.
- 45. 45 Working at Height Factorswhich can affect the risk from work at height: • Damaged materials • Fragile roofs • Unprotected edges • Vertical distance • Poorly maintained access equipment • Environment • Faulty tools • Falling materials
- 46. 46 Working at Height Hierarchyof control - avoid working at height where possible - use an existing safe place of work - provide work equipment to prevent falls - mitigate both the distance & consequences of a fall - instruction, training & supervision AVOID EXISTING PREVENT MITIGATE PROVIDE
- 47. 47 To manage therisk of falls, you are required to follow the hierarchy of controls for work at height as follows: Level 1, Perform the work on the ground or on solid construction Level 2, Use a passive fall preventive device eg cherry picker, mobile Scaffold, install guard rails. Level 3, Use a work positioning system eg a travel restraint system Level 4, Use a fall arrest system Level 5, Use a ladder or administrative control Five Level Hierarchy of Control
- 48. 48 Working at Height Controlmeasures: • Proper planning and supervision • Avoid working in adverse weather conditions • Maintenance of work equipment • Guard Rails • Toe Boards • Fall arrest harnesses • Head protection • Adequate training & instruction • Emergency Response Procedures.
- 49. 49 Working at Height MobileTower Scaffold Control measures: • Lock wheels • Fully extend stabilisers • Do not overload • Do not move with people/materials on them • Level ground • Do not use in adverse weather • Do not overreach • Proper access • Height/width ratio.
- 50. 50 Working at Height Mobileaccess equipment: Cherry Picker Control measures • Trained, competent users only • do not move whilst elevated • Level, stable ground • Signs/barriers • Overhead power lines • emergency procedures • Fully extended outriggers • Safety harnesses • Maintenance & inspection • Wheels immobilised when in use • Tyres properly inflated
- 51. 51 MEWPs, also knownas power-operated elevating work platforms, are designed to provide a temporary working platform which can be easily moved from one location to another. MEWPs height can be adjusted using articulation, scissor mechanisms, telescoping booms or towers. The platforms can be vehicle-mounted, self-propelled, towed or manually moved. A trained and knowledgeable person shall be designated to operate the work platform, scissor lift, crane lift platform, building maintenance unit or man lift. A fall-arrest system (such as a fall-arrest harness and lanyard) shall be used in conjunction with a MEWP and a Rescue Plan must be in place. Mobile Elevating Work Platforms (MEWPs)
- 52. 52 Working at Height MobileElevated Work Platforms – MEWP Further controls: • Beware scissor mechanism • Overhead obstructions • Pedestrian segregation • Banks person.
- 53. 53 Ladder Usage What aresome Risks with Portable Ladders?
- 54. 54 Working at Height Ladders Controlmeasures: • Must be secured at the top and/or bottom • No more than a 9m run should be used without a landing area or platform • Correct angle • Inspections • Correct ladder for the job • Maintain 3 points of contact • No overreaching • Light duty work only • Footwear • Not used in adverse weather • Training
- 55. 55 Working at Height Stepladders Furthercontrols: • Fully extended • Do not stand on platform.
- 56. 56 Working at Height Fallrestraint & fall arrest harnesses
- 57. 57 Working at Height Guardrails & edge protection
- 58.
- 59.
- 60. RST-FP&FF V2 GL27-11-11 60 Working at Height
- 61.
- 62. 62 There must bea process for ensuring that anchorage points are tested in accordance with a recognized standard and/or approved by a competent person. This is intended to ensure that the anchor points are secure and can hold the required load they may be subjected to during a fall.
- 63. 63 Working at Height Scaffoldcontrol measures: • Competent persons • Access & egress • Toe boards, brick nets, etc. • Inspection: • After completion (before use) • Daily (before use) • Following alterations/damage/collision/high winds/ storms • Must be carried out by competent persons • Records available, scaffold tagged.
- 64. RST-FP&FF V2 GL27-11-11 64 Temporary Works “Temporary works “ can include building, construction, renovation, alterations, extensions, demolition and excavations. What are the hazards associated with temporary works?
- 65.
- 66. RST-FP&FF V2 GL27-11-11 66 Avoid Drops from Heights
- 67. 67 Avoid Drops fromHeights
- 68. RST-FP&FF V2 GL27-11-11 68 Avoid Drops from Heights
- 69.
- 70.
- 71. RST-FP&FF V2 GL27-11-11 71 PFAS
- 72. RST-FP&FF V2 GL27-11-11 72 Check Equipment for Fall Arrest Systems for Safety • Inspect personal fall arrest systems and equipment for wear, damage, deterioration, and defects in the components. • Remove any equipment that does not pass inspection and tag for non-use.
- 73. 73 • Annually, havea qualified person inspect all fall protection and update records. • Any equipment in question should be inspected by a qualified person and not worn again unless a qualified person determines that it is not damaged and is safe to use. • The harness should be of the full body type with a “D” ring centered in the back (dorsal) of the harness and a fall arrest system rated for no less than 310 pounds. In order to minimize the likelihood of Roll Out, size recommendations for D-rings is 3” OD and 2 ¼” ID
- 74. 74 • Rope andstraps shall be made from synthetic fibers; cotton and manila rope is not allowed. • Lanyards and self-retracting lifelines, which automatically limit free fall to 2 feet or less, shall be capable of sustaining a minimum load of 3000 pounds. • If the lanyard and self-retracting lifelines are not capable of limiting free fall to 2 feet, “ripstitch” lanyards with a tensile strength of 5000 pounds will be used. • Mismatching or interchanging manufacturer brands and connecting mechanisms may cause rollout.
- 75. 75 . Double Auto-locking Carabineer Theuse of Double Auto-Locking Carabineers minimizes the risk of accidental roll-out which may be caused by incompatible equipment and connectors.
- 76. RST-FP&FF V2 GL27-11-11 76 Activity Using on-site fall arrest equipment, perform a visual inspection on the following: • Full body harness • Cross arm strap • Rope and Cable Grabs • Shock absorbing lanyards • Self retracting lifelines • Shock absorbing lanyards • Carabineers
- 77. Engineering Controls 77 “The useof engineering controls such as barriers or guardrails can also improve safety while working at height by providing a barrier against falling Guardrails may be used to provide effective fall protection at: • The perimeters of buildings or other structures • The perimeters of skylights or roof structures • The edges of shafts or other excavations Engineering controls do not eliminate hazards, but rather keep people isolated from hazards. Capital costs of engineering controls tend to be higher than those the less effective controls within the hierarchy, however they may reduce future costs (i.e. building a work platform rather than purchasing, replace, and maintaining fall arrest equipment)”. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchy_of_hazard_control
- 78.
- 79. RST-FP&FF V2 GL27-11-11 79 Requirements for Guardrails www.sciencedirect.com
- 80. RST-FP&FF V2 GL27-11-11 80 Horizontal Lifelines
- 81. 81 Safety Nets Safety netsmust extend outward from the outermost projection of the work surface as follows: http://www.osha.gov/doc/outreachtraining/htmlfiles/subpartm.html
- 82. Personal Protective Equipment 82 Thecompany must provide employees, free of charge, with the appropriate PPE in a perfect state of operation and repair in all situations where: a) measures of a general nature do not provide complete protection against the risk of accidents or occupational hazards at work; or b) collective protection measures are being deployed; or c) in response to emergency situations. The employer must: a) provide the appropriate PPE to counter the risks involved in each type of activity; b) only provide workers with approved PPE; and make sure it is used c) guide and train employees in the proper use, safekeeping and preservation of the PPE provided
- 83. Personal Protective Equipment 83 Theemployee must: a) Use the PPE provided only for the purpose for which it is intended; b) be responsible for its custody and preservation; c) communicate to the employer any change that makes the equipment provided unsuitable for use; and d) comply with any directives from the employer in relation to the equipment’s proper use d) replace PPE immediately in the event that it is damaged or misplaced; e) take responsibility for periodic cleaning and maintenance of PPE; f) Immediately communicate to management any irregularities observed
- 84. RST-FP&FF V2 GL27-11-11 84 Emergency Rescue Plan
- 85. 85 Purpose of Workingat Heights Rescues When a worker falls and is suspended in a harness, it’s important to rescue him or her as quickly as possible because of the following reasons. The worker may have suffered injuries during the fall and may need medical attention. When workers are suspended in their safety harnesses for long periods, they may suffer from blood pooling in the lower body. This can lead to suspension trauma. Suspended workers may panic if they are not rescued quickly. The event that led to the fall may create additional risks that need to be addressed.
- 86. 86 Emergency Planning The threemain parts of emergency planning are: 1) Training 2) Creating an emergency plan 3) Outlining rescue procedures. 1) Training All site personnel must attend a site-specific safety training session where they will review emergency response procedures and receive instruction on alarms and assembly areas. Train a designated crew to perform the rescue. This crew must know how to use the equipment that is available to them at the jobsite and where they can find it. They should review the rescue procedure every two weeks with the crane crews.
- 87. 87 Emergency Planning 2) EmergencyResponse Plan If a worker falls and is suspended by a safety harness, implement the emergency response plan by following the steps below. Note: It’s important to know your role. 1. The site supervisor (or alternate foreperson) takes control of the situation. 2. The site supervisor sounds the emergency alarm—two long blasts from a horn. All workers in the immediate vicinity of the incident stop working. The site supervisor quickly evaluates the situation and identifies any further hazards that could arise. 3. The site supervisor or their designate goes to get help if workers are close by. If no one is close enough, the site supervisor calls for help. .
- 88. 88 4. The craneoperator remains on standby. The operator frees the hook and waits for further direction in case the designated rescue team must perform a basket rescue. 5. The site supervisor (or a worker assigned to the task) isolates the accident zone and its perimeter to limit further exposure. 6. The site supervisor (or a worker assigned to the task) moves all non-affected personnel to a safe zone or directs them to remain where they are. 7. The site supervisor enables radio silence on the jobsite, except for crisis communications from emergency responders. These communications are conducted on a pre-selected "emergency only" radio channel. Emergency Planning
- 89. 89 3) Rescue Procedures Thefollowing rescue procedures are ordered (A) through (D), with (A) being the preferred method and (D) being the method used when there is no other means of rescue. A. Elevating Work Platform Rescue—If an elevating work platform (EWP) is available on site and the suspended worker can be reached by the platform, follow the procedure below. 1. Bring the EWP to the accident site and use it to reach the suspended worker. 2. Ensure that rescue workers are wearing full-body harnesses attached to appropriate anchors in the EWP. 3. Ensure that the EWP has the load capacity for both the rescuer(s) and the fallen worker. If the fallen worker is not conscious, two rescuers will probably be needed to safely handle the weight of the fallen worker. Emergency Planning
- 90. 90 4. Position theEWP platform below the worker and disconnect the worker’s lanyard when it is safe to do so. When the worker is safely on the EWP, reattach the lanyard to an appropriate anchor point on the EWP if possible. 5. Lower the worker to a safe location and administer first aid. Treat the worker for suspension trauma and any other injury. Arrange transportation to hospital if required Emergency Planning
- 91. 91 B. Ladder Rescue—Ifan elevating work platform is not available, use ladders to rescue the fallen worker with the procedure outlined below. 1. If the fallen worker is suspended from a lifeline, move the worker (if possible) to an area that rescuers can access safely with a ladder. 2. Set up the appropriate ladder(s) to reach the fallen worker. 3. Rig separate lifelines for rescuers to use while carrying out the rescue from the ladder(s). 4. If the fallen worker is not conscious or cannot reliably help with the rescue, at least two rescuers may be needed. Emergency Planning
- 92. 92 5. If thefallen worker is suspended directly from a lanyard or a lifeline, securely attach a separate lowering line to the harness. 6. Other rescuers on the ground (or closest work surface) should lower the fallen worker while the rescuer on the ladder guides the fallen worker to the ground (or work surface). 7. Once the fallen worker has been brought to a safe location, administer first aid and treat the person for suspension trauma and any other injury. 8. Arrange transportation to hospital if required. Emergency Planning
- 93. 93 C. Rescue fromWork Area or Floor Below—If the fallen worker is suspended near a work area and can be safely reached from the floor below or the area from which they fell, use the following procedure. 1. Ensure that rescuers are protected against falling. 2. If possible, securely attach a second line to the fallen worker’s harness to help rescuers pull the fallen worker to a safe area. You will need at least two strong workers to pull someone up to the level from which they fell. 3. Take up any slack in the retrieving line to avoid slippage. 4. Once the worker has been brought to a safe location, administer first aid and treat the person for suspension trauma and any other injury. 5. Arrange transportation to hospital if required. Emergency Planning
- 94. 94 D. Basket Rescue—Ifa worker has fallen and is suspended in an inaccessible area, you may need to perform a basket rescue. For basket rescues, the basket must be designed by a professional engineer in accordance with good manufacturing processes to withstand all loads to which it may be subjected. It must be kept on site at all times in an accessible location where it is clear of material or other equipment. Fit the rescue basket with appropriate rigging for quick hookup by the crane operator. Emergency Planning
- 95. 95 Always keep thefollowing items in the rescue basket 1. First-aid kit 2. Three lanyards equipped with shock absorbers 3. One full-body harness 4. Tag line attached to the basket at all times 5. Descent controller rescue device in good working condition 6. Secondary safety line to tie the basket above the headache ball of the crane.
- 96. 96 To perform abasket rescue, follow the steps below 1. Make sure preferred methods A, B, and C are not possible 2. Notify the crane operator right away to position the crane to attach the basket. 3. While the basket is being attached, the crew leader checks that all safety rigging is done and all the required safety equipment is available. 4. With two rescuers in the basket, hoist it to a position that is above and as close as possible to the fallen worker. A designated worker on the ground guides the basket with a tag line. The designated worker must make sure that when the rescue basket reaches the right elevation, the door of the basket is facing the structural steel to provide an easy exit for rescuer #1.
- 97. 97 5. Rescuer #1exits the rescue basket and gets into a position to reach the fallen worker. When doing this, rescuer #1 must be tied-off at all times to either the structure or the rescue basket. 6. Rescuer #2, who is still in the rescue basket, lowers the line that will be used to retrieve the worker. Rescuer #2 attaches an extra lanyard to the line if required. 7. Rescuer #1 assesses the fallen worker for injuries and then decides how to proceed (i.e., treat injuries first, guide the fallen worker into the rescue basket, or lower the basket to the ground with the fallen worker attached to it). 8. Once the fallen worker has been brought to a safe location, administer first aid. Treat the person for suspension trauma and any other injury. Arrange transportation to hospital. A designated worker must accompany the injured worker to hospital To perform a basket rescue, follow the steps below
- 98. 98 Post-Rescue Procedure All non-affectedworkers should remain in the designated safe gathering zone until the site supervisor notifies them to do otherwise. The site supervisor and health and safety representative should Begin the accident investigation. Quarantine all fall-arrest equipment that may have been subjected to fall fatigue effects and/or shock loading for further investigation. Secure the area (the OHSA requires that an accident scene not be disturbed where a fatal or critical injury has occurred).
- 99. 99 Determine whetheror not the jobsite-specific rescue and evacuation plans were followed as designed. Record modifications or additions to the plans that the rescue team deems necessary. Record all documented communications with fire, police, MOL, and other contractors involved. (When a fall occurs and is arrested, you must notify the MOL in writing.) Record all documented statements from employees, witnesses, and others. Save all photographs of the incident. Record all key information such as dates, time, weather, general site conditions, and specific accident locales including sketches of the immediate incident area, complete with measurements if applicable Post-Rescue Procedure
- 100. RST-FP&FF V2 GL27-11-11 100 Documentation What documentation is needed before you can begin work?
- 101. RST-FP&FF V2 GL27-11-11 101 Stop Work Authority Workers must show due regard at all times for their health and safety and for the health and safety of others who may be affected by their actions or omissions.
- 102. RST-FP&FF V2 GL27-11-11 102 Work Permits
- 103. RST-FP&FF V2 GL27-11-11 103 1. Review safe working environment procedures 2. Discuss job tasks and identify hazards 3. Make a check list as a group Activity Perform a Job Safety Analysis on a potential job.
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- 107. 107 • Check thereis a safe method of getting to and from the work area. Decide what particular equipment will be suitable for the job and the conditions on site. • Make sure work platforms and any edges from which people are likely to fall have guardrails, toe boards or other barriers. • Make sure that the equipment needed is delivered to site in good time and that the site has been prepared for it. • Check that the equipment is in good condition. Summary of steps to take before working at height
- 108. Summary of stepsto take before working at height 108 • Make sure that whoever puts the equipment together is trained and knows what they are doing. Make sure that those who use the equipment are supervised so that they use it properly. • Check any equipment provided by another company to make sure it is safe before using it on site.
- 109.
- 110. 110 Common Hazards WithWorking At Height Poor conceptual design of the permanent works (designed with no thought or provision for how they will be built) •Poor structural design (breaks under load, not strong enough, components fracture or malfunction) • Poor functional design (not properly designed for the stated purpose) • Inadequate planning and provision for weather • Structural elements incorrectly erected or installed • Poor workplace design (working platforms, access, egress) • Signalling systems (manual, mechanical, electronic) malfunction • Misuse (elements and equipment not used as designed or planned) • Unprotected edges and openings • Loads insecurely attached •Release of pressure (concrete pumps)
- 111. 111 These cause thefollowing hazards •Workers handling very heavy or awkward loads causing falls or injury •Falls due to collapses of partly built permanent works •Workers crushed by falling or otherwise moving elements or equipment •Crushing due to impact of moving or toppling plant and equipment •Impact from release of pressure (e.g. concrete exploding from concrete pump hose failure) •Falling from plant and equipment •Falls caused by swinging loads, plant and equipment •Limbs or bodies caught in parts of the permanent works or machinery •Physiological damage through exposure to weather •Physiological and psychological damage through stress of dangerous work •Stress caused by poor environment (noise, heat, poor ventilation, chemicals, noxious gases)
- 112. 112 Can you minimisethe consequences of a fall? • You must first try to avoid and then prevent a fall before using measures that will only minimise or limit the consequences. • Airbags and safety nets are examples of such measures, because they should minimise the risk of injury if someone falls. • Fall arrest equipment will also minimise injury if someone falls, providing the equipment is set up correctly, users know how to look after it and they understand its limitations. • REMEMBER Equipment being used at height may fall, safety nets or drop protection should be used to avoid exposing others to harm – should this happen. • While helmets, gloves and footwear are extremely important personal protective equipment in fall prevention and safety, complete fall protection must include at least one of the following components: Guard Rails, Safety Nets or Personal Fall Arrest Systems.
- 113. RST-FP&FF V2 GL27-11-11 113 • When working off the ground in any capacity you need the right mindset. • Always think about safety and the safest way to accomplish the task at hand. • Never work above the ground if you are overly tired. • Even working under emotional stress should be avoided. • You need your reflexes and mind to be at 100% when working above the ground. • We have mandated training for anyone who works off the ground. • Personal protective equipment is a big part of fall prevention and knowing when and how to use the equipment is critical. What did we learn?