Module 2
Configuring local storage
Module Overview
• Managing disks in Windows Server
• Managing volumes in Windows Server
Lesson 1: Managing disks in Windows Server
• Selecting a partition table format
• Selecting a disk type
• Selecting a file system
• Implementing ReFS
• Demonstration: Configuring ReFS
• Using .vhd and .vhdx file types
• Selecting a disk type
Selecting a partition table format
MBR
• Standard partition table format since the early 1980s
• Supports a maximum of four primary partitions per drive
• Can partition a disk up to 2 TB
GPT
• GPT is the successor of the MBR partition table format
• Supports a maximum of 128 partitions per drive
• Partitions can be up to 18 exabytes
• Can partition a disk up to 8 ZB
• Uses Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
Use MBR for disks smaller than 2 TB
Use GPT for disks larger than 2 TB
Selecting a disk type
Basic disks are:
• Initialized for basic storage
• The default storage for the Windows operating system
Dynamic disks can:
• Be modified without restarting the Windows system
• Provide several options for configuring volumes
• Can not support multi-boot systems and some
applications
Disk volume requirements include:
• A system volume for hardware-specific files that are
required to start the server
• A boot volume for the Windows operating system files
Selecting a file system
When selecting a file system, consider the differences between
FAT, NTFS, and ReFS
FAT provides:
• Basic file system
• Partition size limitations
• FAT32 to enable larger disks
• exFAT developed for flash drives
NTFS provides:
• Metadata
• Auditing and journaling
• Security (ACLs and encryption)
ReFS provides:
• Backward compatibility support for NTFS
• Enhanced data verification and error correction
• Support for larger files, directories, and volumes
Implementing ReFS
ReFS has a number of advantages over NTFS:
• Metadata integrity with checksums
• Expanded protection against data corruption
• Maximizes reliability
• Large volume, file, and directory sizes (1 Yottabyte)
• Storage pooling and virtualization
• Redundancy for fault tolerance
• Disk scrubbing for protection against latent disk errors
• Resiliency to corruptions
• Shared storage pools across machines
Demonstration: Configuring ReFS
In this demonstration, you will see how to:
• Retrieve the volume and sector information for an
NTFS volume by using the fsutil command
• Reformat the NTFS volume as an ReFS volume
• Retrieve the volume and sector information for the
ReFS volume by using the fsutil command
Using .vhd and .vhdx file types
• Virtual hard disks are files that you can use the same
way as physical hard disks
• You can:
• Create and manage virtual hard disks by using Disk
Management and Diskpart.exe
• Configure .vhd or .vhdx files
• Configure computers to start from the virtual hard disk
• Transfer virtual hard disks from Hyper-V servers, and
start computers from the virtual hard disk
• Use virtual hard disks as a deployment technology
• VHD has a size limit of 2TB
• VHDX has a size limit of 64TB
Selecting a disk type
As performance
increases, so does
cost SSD
SAS
Performance
SCSI
SATA
EIDE Cost
Lesson 2: Managing volumes in Windows Server
• What are disk volumes?
• Options for managing volumes
• Demonstration: Managing volumes
• Extending and shrinking a volume
• What is RAID?
• RAID levels
What are disk volumes?
Windows Server 2016 supports the following
volume types:
• Simple
• Spanned
• Striped
• Mirrored
• RAID-5
Options for managing volumes
Options for managing volumes
Options for managing volumes
Powershell Options for managing volumes
• New-Partition
• Get-disk
• Clear-disk
• Initialize-disk
• Get-volume
• Format-volume
Demonstration: Managing volumes
In this demonstration, you will see how to:
• Create a new volume with Diskpart
• Create a mirrored volume
Extending and shrinking a volume
• You can resize volumes with
Windows Server 2016
• When you want to resize a disk, consider the
following:
• You can extend or shrink NTFS volumes
• You can only extend ReFS volumes
• You cannot resize FAT, FAT32, and exFAT volumes
• You can shrink a volume only up to immovable files
• You cannot shrink a volume with bad clusters
What is RAID?
RAID:
• Combines multiple disks into a single logical unit to
provide fault tolerance and performance benefits
• Provides fault tolerance by using:
• Disk mirroring
• Parity information
• Can provide performance benefits by spreading disk
I/O across multiple disks
• Can be configured using several different levels
• Should not replace server backups
RAID levels
RAID 0
Striped set without parity or mirroring
A1 A2
A3 A4
A5 A6
A7 A8
Disk 0 Disk 1
RAID levels
RAID 1
Mirrored drives
A1 A1
A2 A2
A3 A3
A4 A4
Disk 0 Disk 1
RAID levels
RAID 5
Block-level striped set with parity distributed across all disks
A1 A2 A3 A4 Ap
B1 B2 B3 Bp B4
C1 C2 Cp C3 C4
D1 Dp D2 D3 D4
Disk 0 Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3 Disk 4
RAID levels
RAID 6
Block-level striped set with parity distributed across all disks
A1 A2 A3 A4 Ap Ap
B1 B2 B3 Bp Bp B4
C1 C2 Cp Cp C3 C4
D1 Dp Dp D2 D3 D4
Disk 0 Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3 Disk 4 Disk 5
RAID levels
RAID 1 + 0
Each pair of disks is mirrored, then the mirrored disks are striped
A1 Striped A5 A9 A13
A2 A6 A10 A14
A3 A7 A11 A15
A4 A8 A12 A16
Mirrored
Disk 0 Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3
A1 A5 A9 A13
A2 A6 A10 A14
A3 A7 A11 A15
A4 A8 A12 A16
Disk 4 Disk 5 Disk 6 Disk 7
Lab: Configuring local storage
• Exercise 1: Creating and managing volumes
• Exercise 2: Resizing volumes
• Exercise 3: Managing virtual hard disks
Logon Information
Virtual machines: 20740C-LON-DC1
20740C-LON-SVR1
20740C-LON-HOST1
User name: Adatum\Administrator
Password: Pa55w.rd
Estimated Time: 40 minutes
Lab Scenario
Your manager has asked you to add disk space to
a file server that is running on a virtual machine.
This virtual machine will potentially grow
significantly in size in the upcoming months and
you might need flexibility in your storage options.
Your manager has asked you to optimize the
cluster and sector size for virtual machines usage
to accommodate large file sizes for storage on
virtual machines. You need to assess the best
options for storage and ease of expansion for
potential future use.
Lab Review
• In the lab, you used the Diskpart.exe command-
line tool to create and resize volumes. What
alternate Windows PowerShell cmdlets could you
have used?
• Your current volume runs out of disk space. You
have another disk available in the same server.
What actions in the Windows operating system
can you perform to help you add disk space?
Module Review and Takeaways
• Review Questions
• Best Practices
• Tools
