Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITARATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the related literature and studies as well as the theoretical and conceptual
framework and paradigm of this study about the levels of addiction in e-gadgets of selected senior high
school students in bulala highschool and its relation to their study habits.
Related Literature
Recently, every other day information technology or IT invents profitable gadgets are attracting the
attention of the present generation. As a vulnerable group, the youth becomes the largest consumer of such
devices and services, which in turn makes them addicted to them at some point of time. Addiction is the
continued repetition of a behavior or an activity 1independent upon the adverse or negative consequences
of the same (Angres & Angres, 2008)1
Jessica White (2005) said that technology has completely changed the steps of education in America. Most
states require a technology aspect to their school improvements plans. They have embraced the idea that
using technology in their classroom makes the subject anything from math to art more accessible to many
kinds of students. Educators, administrators, parents and students are so well-versed in technology that it
has become norm in even the most economically disadvantages schools.
According to Cheever (2009) there are five signs that may signal on the types of social network addiction.
1.) when one sleeping late at night spending time on social networks 2.) when a person spends more than an
hour in social networking sites 3.) when one disregard work including school work. 4.) and also being
stressed when you start your day without even using social networks.
Pamaoukaghion (2005-2010) said that Facebook is one of the famous visited social network website.
There are many levels of social network addiction, some of the levels are for emotional low self-
confidence, and scared to be exposed personally. People with low self-esteem are most likely to fail into
social network addiction because of the unstable social exposition with people in person.
Another study conducted by Pamaoukaghion (2005-2010) in a study from the University of Athens,
psychiatrist discuss about a woman who lost her job because of being online on a social networks websites.
The discussion war about this situation of the women that it could be a sign of social network addiction.
Coughlan (2015) emphasized that students are always sending and receiving messages while studying. As
a result, they got lower score in the test and were less effective at tasks such as note taking. This generation
of ''voracious texters'' might be affected by so many distractions. When students did not use mobile phones,
they were better at being able to recall information.
According to Hardie, E. (2007) high internet use was related to high levels of emotional loneliness, but
low levels of social loneliness, what this means is people who suffers from emotional distress tend to be
addicted in social network because this sites serves a great connection between people. Some people have
social network addiction because of their anxiety of communicating with other people personality.
Young (2009) said that social networking can be compared as the same as being addicted to drugs or
alcohol. Internet addiction is a big cause of social network websites and by that, people went to internet
addiction to social network addiction. Social networks addiction can also lead to many problems with
family, work and friends.
Some solutions that Cheever (2007) suggests is to try to find medical support if symptoms of social
network addiction are getting noticeable from closed relatives such as family members. It is important to
people who also notice the type of behavior. For example with teenagers, parents should know the correct
approach to correct or at least lowering the levels of addiction of their teenager by having open
conversation and try to be supportive as possible. It is important to be supportive because that way the
person affected by the addiction can feel more confident to become stronger to manage their addiction.
According to Cheever (2007) family should spend a lot of time going out than using social networks
so that it may avoid social network addiction. Also he, recommended that the reward system works is like
setting a goal, complete the goal and then reward yourself, and finally make an effort to stay offline, to be
mature about the recovery that it takes to become successful to fight back social network addiction.
Related Studies
According to AAAAAAA although the use of tech-gadgets and services has many positive impacts,
they are short lived. In long run it has negative impacts on the individuals. The digital activities make the
youth strong in technical skills but make them weak in real life practical skills. It takes the young mass
away from the reality of helping them to live in their imaginary world.
According AAAAAAA due to the time spent on the devices, the youth are refrained from some
outdoor activities with friends and family. The indulgence in violent games may create more violence in
their mind. Games when they can't achieve help set target, it may raise their anxious level higher. After all
addiction to the devices may develop unhealthy lifestyle, poor time management and poor eating habits
among the youth.
. Following studies highlight tech-devices and services. It would have been a lot better if the
drawbacks or the negative impacts of the use of the digital services would have been 3known before some
years. As the use of the digital services has negative impact, students should minimize the use of these tools
and should be aware about its use. (Walsh, 2012)
The voracious use of tech services has negative impacts on the youth. Due to these effects youth
want to do things faster, easier and cheaply. Everybody wants to do things according to their own schedule
and pace, failing in, they become3 anxious. Face to face communication is avoided by the young mass,
which is not good for the society. (Erickson, 2012).
Generation-Y i.e. the present generation is psychologically addicted to the social media like
Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn etc. The addiction causes intra-psychic conflicts such as intolerance and
relapse among the youth (Cabral, 2011). Internet gaming and3 shopping is causing depressive symptoms
among the college students. Implementation of program is needed to detect and decrease these activities
among them (Cotton, 2001).
Excessive internet use not only generates disorders but it can sometimes be distressing and disabling
(Shapira et al., 2003). Technological addiction is growing day by day in the countries like Italy, Pakistan,
Czech Republic. Indian youth are no less than them in technological addiction. Online games have caused
serious health problems in China (BBC, 11 2007), Korea (Hur, 2006) and Taiwan (Lee, 2007). About 10%
of China’s more than 30 million internet gamers are said to be addicted (Ko, Yen, Yen, Lin & Yang,
2007).
Excessive technology use may affect academic performance, relationships, as well as overall
development among youth. Such baffling technology use has been identified as technology addiction and
has many negative impacts on health and social behavior (Young, 2004).
Technology is an integral part of our everyday life as people are dependent on it from all over the
world for communication, organization and employment etc. One cannot stay away from technology even
for a day. Not even a single day goes without a cell phone in hand or without laptop and net surfing.
Although technology being at its best, there are basic problems that follow us everywhere and generally it
has drawbacks in the areas of health, public safety and education (Saez, 2010).
Students should be encouraged to develop in a technological world. The necessity of social
networking, computer games or digital habits of them should be understood by the elders. But
simultaneously, the consequences of those habits should also be studied. It is better to study the relationship
between technology, child development and the popular culture. Parents should facilitate a healthy and
balanced relationship between technology and their children helping them to use the social media effective
(Mitchel, 2012).
The studies in the field of internet addiction are conducted by expertise of multiple fields like
academicians and health professionals, etc. The impacts of the same should be investigated and the
problems related to internet addiction should be addressed. By doing the 12 above we can overcome the
negative impacts of internet technology and can use it for development rather overtaken by it (Chou,
Condron & Belland, 2005).
As human beings are regularly trying to reinvent 4themselves and adopting new and improved ways
of lifestyle, this phenomenon has increased the use of technological gadgets and services up to the extreme.
The use of these tech products has a positive impact on the mass market consumption. Side by side the
never-ending conflict of pop culture is advancing through these activities of the individuals
(Watkins,2003).
Theoretical Framework
The study focuses on determining the levels of addiction in e-gadgets of selected senior high school
students in Bulala High School and its relation to their study habits. The study attempts to seek for likeness
of the subject, specifically the reasons we can get through in-depth and serious analysis.
This study is anchored in McGraw Hill theory on internet as a source of information which
emphasizes the causes of addiction in e-gadgets.
As McGraw views it, e-gadgets are the source of entertainment, help in class preparation, help
improve their grades and help save their time. But because of these, students become dependent on these
particular gadgets and their not putting more efforts in doing their homework, projects and other study
related matters.
CAUSES OF ADDICTION IN E-GADGETS
Source of entertainment Helped in class preparation
Help improve grades Saves time
INPUT
> Profile of the
respondents in terms of:
Sex ,Age, Year level McGraw Hill Theory
and Section, and
Socio economic Figure 1
satus
Theoretical Paradigm
> Level or extent to which
e-gadgets affect the study
habits of the respondents.
> Frequency of the
respondents’ usage of e-
gadgets and the time they
spent in doing so.
PROCES
> Factors that lead the
to e-gadgets.
> Preparation of survey
>Recommendations offered questionnaires
by the respondents to OUTPUT
better improve this study
>
>Data gathering
> Analysis and
interpretation of data
gathered
FEEDBACK
NOTES
Figure 2.Conceptual paradigm
https://www.mheducation.com/new-media/press-release/report-new-mcgraw-hill-education-research-find-
m
E-thesis- 19 Addiction to Technological Gadgets and Its Impact on Health and Lifestyle: A Study on
College Students
