Lecture 2
ADP Semester 1st
Jawad Ahmad
Operating Systems and Utility Programs
Riphah Community College Faisalabad
1
System Software
• What is system software?
Definition: Programs that control operation of computer
Including:
➢ Operating system (OS) (also called platform)
➢ Utility programs
What is a cross-platform application?
----Runs identically on multiple operating systems
▪Operating system that computer uses is sometimes called the platform
2
Operating System Functions
• What is booting?
➢ Process of starting or restarting a computer
▪ Cold boot Turning
on computer that has
been powered off
▪ Warm boot
Restarting computer
that is powered on
Warm boot from Windows
desktop
Warm boot from system unit
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What messages display on the screen
when you boot the computer?
4
Operating System Functions
• What is a recovery disk?
• --- Contains system files that will start computer when computer
cannot boot. Also called boot disk
• ---floppy disk, Zip, CD, DVD
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Operating System Functions
•What is single user/ multitasking?
➢ Working on two or more
programs that reside in
memory at same time
▪ Foreground contains
application you are using
▪ Background contains
programs that are
running but are not all running
processes
in use
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Operating System Functions
•What are other program management features of operating systems?
❖Multiprocessing:
Can support two or more processors running programs at
same time
Multiuser:
Enables two or more users to run programs simultaneously
Fault-tolerant computer:
Continues to operate when one of its components fails
Has duplicate components such as processors, memory, and
disk drives
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Operating System Functions
Optimizing use of RAM
What is spooling?
➢ Sending print jobs to buffer instead of directly to printer
➢ Print jobs line up in queue
What is a device driver?
➢ Program that tells operating system how to communicate with
device Also called driver
With Plug and Play, operating system automatically configures
new devices as you install them
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Types of Operating Systems
• What are three categories of operating systems?
Stand-alone: complete operating system working on PC,
laptop, mobile computing device.
like DOS, Windows, Mac OS X, Unix, Linux
Network: OS designed specially to support a network, like
netware, windows server 2003,Unix, Linux and Solaris
Embedded : OS on most PDA and small devices
Like, windows CE.net, windows mobile 2003, Palm OS, Symbian
OS, Android OS and Apple iOS
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Stand-Alone Operating Systems
• What is DOS (Disk Operating System)?
• Developed in early 1980s for personal computers
• Hardly used today because it does not offer GUI
• Used command-line interface when first developed, later
included menus in DOS SHELL
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Stand-Alone Operating Systems
How do Windows versions compare?
Windows Version Year Released
Windows 3.x 1990
Windows NT 3.1 1993
Windows 95 1995
Windows NT Workstation 4.0 1996
Windows 98 1998
Windows Millennium Edition 2000
Windows 2000 Professional 2000
Windows XP 2001
Windows 2003 Server 2003
Windows Vista 2006
Windows Server 2008 2008
Windows 7 2009
Windows 8 / Windows Server 2012 2012
Winows 8.1 / Windows Server 2012 R2 2013
Windows 10 / Windows Server 10 2015 11
Stand-Alone Operating Systems
http://windows.microsoft.com
/en-us/windows/preview 12
Stand-Alone
• What is Windows?
Operating Systems
➢ Microsoft’s fastest, most reliable Windows
operating system
➢ Available in many editions:
1. Home Edition,
2. Professional Edition, and
3. Tablet PC / RT Edition
4. CE / Mobile Edition
5. Windows Server Editions
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characteristics of operating systems
❖Device-dependent
• Runs only on specific type of computer
Proprietary software
• Privately owned and limited to specific vendor or computer
model
Device-independent
• Runs on many manufacturers’ computers
Downward compatible
• Works with application software written for earlier version of
operating system
Upward compatible
• Runs on new versions of operating system
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Stand-Alone Operating Systems
• What is Mac OS X?
➢ Available only for computers manufactured
by Apple
➢ Macintosh operating
system has been
model for most GUIs
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Stand-Alone Operating Systems
• What is OS/2 Warp Client?
➢ IBM’s GUI multitasking operating system
➢ Supports networking, Java, the Internet, and
speech recognition
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Stand-Alone Operating Systems
• What is UNIX?
➢ Used by power users because of its flexibility
and power
➢ Most versions offer GUI
➢ Both a stand-alone and a
network operating system
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Stand-Alone Operating Systems
• What is Linux?
➢ Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type
operating system
➢ Open-source software —
e
code is available to
public
➢ Both a stand-alone
and a network
operating system Red Hat provides a version of Linux called Red Hat
Linux. The GNOME graphical user interface is shown
in this example.
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Network Operating Systems
Allows users to share printer, Internet access,
•files, and programs on a network
Administers security by establishing
•user name and password for each user
Solaris
OS/2
NetWare Windows ▪ Version of UNIX
developed by Sun Warp Server
Designed for Server 2003 Microsystems for e-business
client/server Upgrade to Windows
networks ▪ Specifically for IBM’s network
2000 Server e-commerce operating system
applications for business
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Embedded Operating Systems
•What is an embedded operating system?
➢ Found on most mobile
computers, PDAs, and other
small devices
➢ Windows CE .NET is
scaled-down version of
Windows
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Embedded Operating Systems
• What are two operating systems for PDAs?
➢ Pocket PC 2002 for Pocket PC
➢ Palm OS for Palm, Visor, and CLIE
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Utility Programs
• utility program
➢ System software that performs maintenance-type tasks
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Utility Programs
• What is a disk scanner?
➢ Detects and corrects problems on
hard disk or floppy disk
➢ Searches for and removes
unnecessary files
What is a backup utility?
➢ Copies selected files or entire hard disk onto another
disk or tape
➢ compress files during backup to require less storage
space
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Utility Programs
• What is a disk defragmenter?
➢ Reorganizes files and unused space on hard
disk so programs run faster
fragmented disk file before defragmenting
file after
defragmenting
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Utility Programs
• What is a screen saver?
➢ Causes monitor’s screen to display moving
image or blank screen if there is no activity
for a specified time
➢ To secure computer,
user configures screen
saver to require
password to
deactivate
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Utility Programs
• What is a diagnostic utility?
➢ Compiles technical information
about hardware and some
software
➢ Prepares report outlining
problems
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Stand-Alone Utility Programs
• What is a virus?
➢ Potentially damaging computer program
➢ Affects computer without user’s knowledge
SIGNS OF VIRUS
INFECTION
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Stand-Alone Utility Programs
• What is an antivirus program?
➢ Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage
media, and incoming files
➢ Must be updated frequently
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Stand-Alone Utility Programs
• What is a file compression utility?
➢ Shrinks size of files to free up room
and improve performance
➢ Compressed files are sometimes called
zipped files
➢ Two popular utilities:
PKZIPTM and WinZip®
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Stand-Alone Utility Programs
• What is a personal firewall?
➢ Protects personal computer from unauthorized
intrusions
➢ Monitors all transmissions
to and from computer
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