The Global

Technopreneurial
Revolutions
 The Wireless
and Internet Revolution
 • A few years ago, the
computer industry was
bragging about 10 million
people being connected to
the Internet.

• Now that figure is an astonishing million+ is now

billion+ people in the United States alone!
• The Internet is changing the way we work, play,
entertain ourselves, and communicate with people all
over the world.
• The Internet is also creating new opportunities and
headaches for businesses everywhere.
 Companies have so
many choices in
building a new
infrastructure that
they can easily make
mistakes that will
cost them thousands
or millions of dollars
in lost profits and
lost customers.
How does wireless networking
changing the landscape of
business and personal uses of
the Internet and networks?
The Wireless Computing Landscape

• A company can merely provide a new

employee with wireless computers and cell
phones and allow him or her to work from
home or the office.
• In fact a few years ago IBM provided its sales
force with mobile computing appliances, sent
them out on the road to get closer to customers,
and completely closed one of its major office
buildings. Not only did it save the cost of
housing all the employees but it increased sales.
• Wireless devices are not limited to
computers and cell phones but include
telematics such as global
positioning systems and
handheld computing devices that can
instantaneously track products and
provide data to the company inventory
network.
• Telematics typically is any integrated use of
telecommunications and informatics, also known as ICT
(Information and Communications Technology).
• The application of telematics is with any of the following:
– The technology of sending, receiving and storing
information via telecommunication devices in conjunction
with affecting control on remote objects.
– The integrated use of telecommunications and informatics,
for application in vehicles and with control of vehicles on
the move.
– Telematics includes but is not limited to Global Positioning
System technology integrated with computers and mobile
communications technology in automotive navigation
systems.
– the term has evolved to refer to the use of such systems
within road vehicles, in which case the term vehicle
telematics may be used.
Wireless Transmission
Media and Devices
Wireless transmissions rely
on microwaves and
satellites to send data
across high frequency
radio ranges which later
connect to wired media.
 Devices for Wireless
Transmission
• On the ground, wireless communications
use a variety of gadgets such as
• paging systems,
• email handheld devices such as the
BlackBerry PIM,

• cell phones,
• and personal digital assistants such
as the Palm.
 Paging systems is one of the
memory-management schemes by which
a computer can store and retrieve data
from secondary storage for use in main
memory.
In the paging memory-management
scheme, the operating system retrieves
data from secondary storage in same-size
blocks called pages.
A personal information manager
(often referred to as a PIM tool or, more simply,
a PIM) is a type of application software that
functions as a personal organizer.
As an information management tool, a PIM
tool's purpose is to facilitate the recording,
tracking, and management of certain types of
"personal information".
 Cell phones are portable cordless
telephone for use in a cellular system.
A cellular system is referring to a radiotelephone
system which a geographical area is divided into
small sections each served by a transmitter of
limited range.
A personal digital assistant (PDA), also
known as a palmtop computer, or personal data
assistant, is a mobile device that functions as a
personal information manager. PDAs are largely
considered obsolete with the widespread adoption
of smartphones. PDA Features - an appointment calendar,
a to-do list, an address book for contacts, a calculator, and some sort of
memo (or "note") program.
• The newer cell phones allow short text messages
known as short message services to be sent
from digital-based cell phones.
• Users of this service don't have to actually talk to
the person on the other end but communicate in
a shorthand type of language.
• One of the hottest emerging communication
appliances is the smart phone equipped
with Web browser software. Some merchants are
teaming with Web portals to use global
positioning systems to pinpoint your location.
 A smartphone is a mobile phone built on a
mobile operating system, with more advanced
computing capability and connectivity than a
feature phone.
The first smartphones combined the functions
of a personal digital assistant (PDA) with a
mobile phone.
Modern smartphones also include high-
resolution touchscreens and web browsers that
display standard web pages as well as mobile-
optimized sites. High-speed data access is
provided by Wi-Fi and Mobile Broadband.
• Once the merchants know you're in the local
area, they offer you discounts on meals, clothing,
and movies if you respond within the hour.
• As you're walking down the sidewalk, you can
use your smart phone to locate restaurants, check
movie schedules, review sports scores, take and
send photographs, and use maps to find your
way.
 Cellular Network Standards
and Generations
• Two major standards used in the world
are:
➢Global System for Mobile Communication
(GSM): bandwidth is based on time division
multiple access and is used in Europe, China,
and Asia, and some regions of the United
States.
➢Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA):
transmits over several radio frequencies and
randomly assigns users to a range of
frequencies over time. It is used mostly in the
United States.
 Cellular Generations
• First generation (1G): first appeared in the
1980s and were analog based. Mostly
supported only voice transmissions.
• Second generation (2G): appeared in the
1990s and supported better voice quality
and short message services.
• Interim generation (2.5G): appeared in the
late 1990s and early 2000s and provides
increased data transmissions based on the
2G technology. It's an interim fix until 3G
technology is more fully refined.
 Cellular Generations
• Third generation (3G): appeared in the
early 2000s and are based on packet-
switch technology that allows large
amounts of data transmission. Supports
voice, video, and graphics.
Mobile Wireless Standards for
Web Access
• Because most wireless devices are very small,
organizations must reconfigure their Web
applications for the tiny viewing area.
• Webmasters must design sites both for the large
screen typical of a desktop PC and for the
wireless devices.
• In some cases, when users access a Web site
through a handheld or wireless device, the site
will detect it and redirect the user to a specially
configured site.
• The Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is the
set of rules that controls how
wireless devices access Web
applications.
• The Wireless Markup Language (WML)
combines HTML and XML languages with
the requirements for properly
displaying information on the small
screen. It's most important
characteristic is that it describes
data rather than just how the data are
displayed.
• Themicrobrowser included on
wireless devices is similar to
a regular Web browser you would
use on a PC but is optimized
for the limitations imposed on
the smaller devices. i.e. opera
mini
• Bottom Line:
Wireless networks allow businesses to
mobilize their employees to wherever
necessary with full access to data and
services. Wireless communication devices
use microwave towers and satellites to
instantaneously transmit any form of
digitized data. Wireless standards for Web
access is still being defined but will allow
access to applications of all kinds.
 Wireless Computer Networks and Internet
Access
• Bluetooth
➢ The Bluetooth wireless technology standard comes
installed on some computers and is used to create small
personal area networks. It's more appropriate to use
Bluetooth technology in battery-powered devices that
are within close proximity to each other.
➢ Bluetooth technology is mostly used to connect
keyboards, printers, computers and handheld devices all
within very close range.
➢ Even though the Bluetooth technology got off to a slow
start in the early 2000s, it is now being used for all kinds
of applications, even automobiles. Vehicles are coming
equipped with Bluetooth technology and allow the use
of hands-free cell phones, stereos, global positioning
systems, and security devices.
• Wi-Fi
• The recent proliferation of wireless technology is
technically known as the 802.11 networking
standard.
• It's more commonly, and easily, called Wi-Fi for
wireless fidelity.
• Wi-Fi can be installed on your existing computers and
connect them through a router hub. If you have
several computers at home or in the office, a Wi-Fi
network can help save money by negating the need
for additional phone lines for Internet access or to use
a single peripheral device such as a printer among
several different computers.
• Each computer requires a wireless NIC
(network interface card) containing a built-
in radio and antenna. These cards are relatively
inexpensive and you can avoid duplicating
more expensive equipment by using a wireless
network.
• You can also access Wi-Fi networks in
public areas such as libraries, Internet
cafes, hotels and airports. Access
points to a wireless network are also
called hot spots and are proliferating
in many public places.
• You should be aware of the dangers in using
these hot spots because of the lack of strong
security typical of wireless networks and
interference problems as more users try to access
the network.
• One of the biggest challenges facing the Wi-Fi
industry is creating enough hotspots all around the
country to provide blanket coverage without
interruption.
• Currently there are still not enough continuous
connections and many times users are dropped
without warning. It's similar to the situation cell
phones users have experienced with dropped
calls and service interruptions.
• Security is also a major concern because
the Wi-Fi networks are intentionally built
for openness and easy access.
• Example
Wi-Fi: Starbuck's Solution to Go
discusses how the company is benefiting
from providing wireless networks in its
coffee shops for customers and employees.
• WiMax and EV-DO
➢ Unfortunately there are still large regions that must
continue to rely on old telephone systems for Internet
access.
➢ That prevents users from taking advantage of new high-
speed access and many of the feature-rich applications
available on the Internet.
➢ And because of limitations in frequency ranges
associated with Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and other technologies,
many users are left out of the Internet evolution.
➢ Therefore a new technology called WiMax is being
developed to help fill the gaps all across the country.
➢ WiMax increases the range of transmissions up to
approximately 30 miles and increases the transmission
speeds significantly over that available on regular
telephone lines and dial-up modems.
• Cellular telephone companies are continuing
the march towards total convergence of all
EV-DO
things digital with its technology.
• Short for Evolution Data Optimized, this
technology will allow even more ways for users
to access digital content from the Internet and
other networks whether that data is voice,
videos, graphics, documents, text messaging,
or photographs.
• It won't be long before the same connectivity
people enjoy in their homes and offices will be
available anywhere, anytime, in any form.
• Bottom Line:
Wireless technologies such as
Bluetooth WiMax, and EV-DO create
small networks that connect just about
any kind of computing device. They are
easier to configure and connect than
wired technologies and allow users more
flexibility and access. Wireless access
points, or hotspots, are springing up in
airports, hotels, coffee shops, and rest
stops all across the country and world.
 M-Commerce
and
Mobile Computing
• Mobile computing devices such
as Internet-enabled cell phones, PDAs,
and laptop computers, become more
popular, people want to be able to
connect easily to the Internet wherever
they are.
• Because the display size and bandwidth
of these devices are much smaller than
a full size PC, Web pages are resized
and most graphics are eliminated.
 Accessing Information from
the Wireless Web
"Anywhere, any time, any place" has been the goal of many
business people.
Wireless portals give companies new opportunities to
reach out and touch their customers that were not possible
before.
For instance, airlines can provide up-to-date information on
flight schedules and travel services through wireless portals.
When flight delays occur, a short message is sent to the
customer alerting him or her and providing alternate
scheduling information. The traveler doesn't have to wait until
he or she gets to the airport to know about any changes and
can use the wireless portal to reschedule the flight. If the
wireless device is so designed, the user can even use a voice
portal for the whole transaction.
 Digital Payment Systems and
M-Commerce
Using credit cards and ATM cards for non-
cash purchases is very common.
It's almost to the point that you don't need hard
coins and bills to buy anything from a
newspaper to a car.
While these forms of digital payment systems
may seem far-fetched, they really are just
around the corner.
 Why not extend that purchasing power to mobile
computing devices similar to what is taking place all
over the world?
Why not use your cell phone to purchase a snack
from the vending machine rather than fumbling
around for the correct change?
Why not use a PDA to pay for the taxi ride from the
airport instead of a credit card or worrying about
having the right number of dollar bills?
Why not pay for all your purchases with a mobile
wallet (m-wallet) that stores all of your personal
information and credit card numbers instead of
carrying large amounts of cash and individual cards?
M-Commerce Challenges
New technology brings new hurdles to
overcome. Some of the challenges m-
commerce faces are:
❑ Tiny keyboards and screens
❑ Slow access speeds
❑ Minimal memory
❑ Text-based sites instead of graphics
❑ Limited sites configured for m-commerce
❑ As the technology matures and the
limitations are resolved, more users will
embrace the technology.
• Bottom Line:
Organizations are reducing their agency
costs, creating interactivity, flexibility and
customization, and accelerating the
distribution of knowledge with Internet
technologies. The wireless Web fulfills the
goal of anywhere, any time, any place.
Never before has one technology offered
so many advantages and the chance for
businesses to reach out to the customer
instead of waiting for the customer to come
to them.
 Wireless Technology in the
Enterprise
• Wireless Applications for Customer
Relationship Management
 Wireless Supply Chain
Management and RFID
• Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
systems are an excellent example of how wireless
technology is totally remaking supply chain
management systems.
• RFID tags are small microchips that contain
information about the product. The tags transmit data
via radio frequencies to computing devices that track
the product. The tags can be either active or passive.
• Let's compare the characteristics of each:
➢ Active RFID tags: battery powered; data can be rewritten;
have a longer read range, shorter operational life
➢ Passive RFID tags: no power source, smaller, lighter, and
less expensive; unlimited operational lifetime; shorter read
range
 RFID tags offer more inventory management
control over products than the current bar
code technology for several reasons:

• More data can be written to RFID tags

• More real-time data can be provided by RFID
tags
• RFID tags can trigger other processes within
the computer system
• RFID tags do not require line-of-sight readers
• Even though RFID tags are more expensive
than bar-code technologies, the cost will drop
as they become more prevalent and the
system switch-over is completed.
Does RFID Threatens
Privacy?
Wireless in Health Care
Wireless Healthcare
Applications
 Robotic medical nanodevices
controlled by wireless technology

Recently, a Stanford
According to Stanford University, the engineer, Ada Poon,
implantable machines are small lead a project which
enough to easily move through has created tiny
veins. These injectable nanobots can robotic medical
carry out medical tasks, gather devices that are
diagnostics and even deliver drugs powered by wireless
into the bloodstream technology.
Wireless Sensor Networks and
Pervasive Computing

You can use wireless devices throughout

your home and connect computer and
entertainment devices into one pervasive
computing system that will access the
Internet and download music,
photographs, videos, movies, and
television programs.
• As computers are combined with home
entertainment devices such televisions, stereos,
game consoles, and telephones, it won't be long
before wireless sensor networks
(WSNs) are as ubiquitous as refrigerators and
dishwashers.
• Businesses will use wireless sensor networks to
connect handheld devices with data storage
devices and allow workers to roam untethered
through warehouses and office buildings.
• In the long run, WSNs will be cheaper for
businesses and homes since no structural changes
will need to be made to the building's walls,
ceilings, or floors. If you want to add equipment,
you'll simply add another node to the network.
You won't have to cut holes, run wires, or alter the
physical structure at all.
• Bottom Line:
Wireless applications for customer
relationship management are changing
the complexity between businesses and
customers. RFID technology is giving
companies new opportunities and
challenges for supply chain management.
The health care industry is undergoing
radical changes due to wireless
technologies. Even the traditional home
front is undergoing change because of
wireless networks applications.
 Management Issues and
Decisions
• Businesses can use wireless technology to connect
with their employees, customers, suppliers, and
business partners in new and unexpected ways.
Companies can reduce costs and improve products
and services with wireless technology.
• As with all the other technologies we've discussed
there are challenges to wireless technology:
• Integrating wireless technology into the rest of the
firm's IT infrastructure: merging wireless technology
with existing systems can be much more expensive
than it appears. The total cost of ownership can be
much higher than expected.
• Maintaining security and privacy: for every wireless
device added to the network, you create one more
access point for hackers and crackers.
 Solution Guidelines
• Some possible solutions to the new
challenges are:
➢Identify areas in which wireless can provide
value
➢Create a management framework for wireless
technology
➢Use a pilot program before a full-scale rollout
of wireless systems is attempted
Bottom Line:
You are a part of the most revolutionary
time in business. Many companies are
struggling with all the changes in wireless
technology and trying desperately to
figure out their role in the new world.
You can help yourself and your
organization tremendously by
understanding the issues involved and
developing innovative strategies to resolve
the problems.
Assignment: Individual Work.
Research about the Silicon Valley – an icon
in Global Technopreneurship.
❑ What is Silicon Valley? Where is it
located? When was it created or
established?
❑ How does the company/organization
works – nature of processes inside the
Silicon Valley?
❑ Who are the people behind the Silicon
Valley that makes it an icon in global
technopreneurship?
1. Use your imagination and come up with an idea
of how your organization or company can use a
wireless network.
2. Following up on question 1, what current
processes will you have to change to incorporate
your idea?
3. Describe the advantages of using RFID tags over
current bar code technology.
4. Discuss m-commerce services and applications
available to businesses.
5. What are some of the possible solutions to
management issues involved in the new wireless
technology infrastructure?