Types of Operating Systems
Batch Operating System
This type of operating system does not interact with the computer
directly.
There is an operator which takes similar jobs having same
requirement and group them into batches.
It is the responsibility of operator to sort the jobs with similar
needs.
Advantages of Batch Operating System:
Multiple users can share the batch systems
The idle time for batch system is very less
It is easy to manage large work repeatedly in batch systems
Disadvantages of Batch Operating System:
Batch systems are hard to debug
The other jobs will have to wait for an unknown time if any job
fails
Time-Sharing Operating Systems
Each task is given some time to execute, so that all the tasks work
smoothly.
Each user gets time of CPU as they use single system.
These systems are also known as Multitasking Systems.
The task can be from single user or from different users also.
The time that each task gets to execute is called quantum. After this
time interval is over OS switches over to next task.
Advantages of Time-Sharing Operating System:
Each task gets an equal opportunity
CPU idle time can be reduced
Disadvantages of Time-Sharing Operating System:
One must have to take care of security and integrity of user
programs and data
Distributed Operating System
Various autonomous interconnected computers communicate each
other using a shared communication network.
Independent systems possess their own memory unit and CPU.
These are referred as loosely coupled systems or distributed
systems.
These system’s processors differ in size and function.
The major benefit of working with these types of operating system
is that it is always possible that one user can access the files or
software which are not actually present on his system but on some
other system connected within this network i.e., remote access is
enabled within the devices connected in that network.
Advantages of Distributed Operating System:
Failure of one will not affect the other network communication, as
all systems are independent from each other
Since resources are being shared, computation is highly fast and
durable
These systems are easily scalable as many systems can be easily
added to the network
Disadvantages of Distributed Operating System:
Failure of the main network will stop the entire communication
Network Operating System
These systems run on a server and provide the capability to manage
data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking
functions.
These type of operating systems allow shared access of files,
printers, security, applications, and other networking functions
over a small private network.
One more important aspect of Network Operating Systems is that
all the users are well aware of the underlying configuration, of all
other users within the network, their individual connections etc.
and that’s why these computers are popularly known as tightly
coupled systems.
Advantages of Network Operating System:
Highly stable centralized servers
Security concerns are handled through servers
Server access are possible remotely from different locations and
types of systems
Disadvantages of Network Operating System:
Servers are costly
User has to depend on central location for most operations
Real-Time Operating System
These types of OSs serves the real-time systems.
The time interval required to process and respond to inputs is very
small. This time interval is called response time.
Real-time systems are used when there are time requirements are
very strict like missile systems, air traffic control systems, robots
etc.
Two types of Real-Time Operating System which are as follows:
Hard Real-Time Systems:
These OSs are meant for the applications where time
constraints are very strict and even the shortest possible
delay is not acceptable.
These systems are built for saving life like automatic
parachutes or air bags which are required to be readily
available in case of any accident. Virtual memory is almost
never found in these systems.
Soft Real-Time Systems:
These OSs are for applications where for time-constraint is less
strict.
Advantages of Real-Time Operating System:
Maximum Consumption: Maximum utilization of devices and
system,thus more output from all the resources
Error Free: These types of systems are error free.
Disadvantages of Real-Time Operating System:
Complex Algorithms: The algorithms are very complex and
difficult for the designer to write on.
