Computer Graphics
Basics of Computer Graphics
What is computer graphics?
The computer graphics is one of the most
effective and commonly used way to
information in form of graphics object instead
of simple text.
Computer graphics is a process of
generating, manipulating, storing and
displaying graphics object.
pictures Charts Graph
Diagrams
Advantages of Computer Graphics
High quality graphics display on PC.
It provides tools for producing pictures.
Produce animation using static image with
computer graphics.
Produce 1-D images in 2-D or 3-D using
different simulators.
Applications of Computer Graphics
Presentation Entertainment GUI
Computer art Virtual Reality Telemedicin
e
Video Display device
The primary output device in a graphics
system is a video monitor.
The operation of most video monitor based
on the standard Cathode-ray-tube(CRT).
But several other technologies exist and
Solid-state-monitor
Cathode-Ray Tube
Refresh Cathode-Ray Tubes
A beam of electrons(cathode rays), emitted by
an electron gun, Passes through focusing and
deflection systems that direct the beam toward
specified positions on the phosphor coated
screen.
The phosphor then emits a small spot of light at
each position contacted by the electron beam.
Light emitted by the phosphor fades very
rapidly, this type of display is called a refresh
CRT .
Electron Gun
Major elements are the heated metal
cathode and the control grid.
Heat is supplied to the cathode by
directing a current through filament.
This causes electrons to be ‘boiled off’
the hot cathode surface.
Intensity of the electron beam is controlled by
setting voltage levels on the control grid.
A high positive voltage accelerates the free,
negatively charges electrons towards the
phosphor coating.
A high negative voltage applied to the control
grid will shut off the beam by repelling
electrons.
A smaller negative voltage in the control grid
simply decrease the no of electrons passing
through.
We control the brightness of a display by
varying the voltage on the control grid.
The accelerating anode
The accelerating voltage can be generated
with an accelerating anode.
sometimes the electron gun is built to
contain the accelerating anode and
focusing systems within the same unit.
The focusing system
Used to force the electron beam to
coverage into a small spot as it strikes the
phosphor.
Focusing is accomplished with either
electric field or magnetic fields.
Electrostatics focusing is commonly used
in TV and computer graphics motion.
With electrostatic focusing, the electron
beam passes trough a positively charged
metal cylinder that forms an Electrostatic
lens.
The action of the electrostatic lens
focuses the electron beam at the center
of the screen.
Magnetic lens focusing produce the
smallest spot size on the screen and is
used in special purpose device.
The magnetic deflection coil
The system is used to control the
deflection.
When electrostatic is used, two pairs of
parallel plates are mounted inside the
CRT envelope.
One pair of plates is mounted
horizontally, to control the vertical
deflection, and the other pairs is mounted
vertically, to control horizontal deflection.
Phosphor screen
Different kinds of phosphors are available
for use in a CRT.
A phosphor with low persistence is useful
for animation.
A phosphor with low persistence is useful
for animation.
A high-persistence phosphor is useful for
displaying highly complex, statics pictures.
Summary
Working
A beam of electrons(cathode rays),
emitted by an electron gun, Passes
through focusing and deflection systems
that direct the beam toward specified
positions on the phosphor coated screen.
The phosphor then emits a small spot of
light at each position contacted by the
electron beam.
Major parts
Electron Gun: Heated metal Cathode
Control Grid: Fires electrons and control
intensity level of electrons.
phosphor screen: Produce small spot of
lights as the electrons strike. Variations in
colour, resolution & Aspect ratio.
Accelerating Anode & Focusing system:
Generate Accelerating voltage and helps
to converge electron beam into a small
spot.
Deflection system: To prevent horizontal
and vertical deflection.
