International Journal of Creativity and Technical Development

Volume 3, Number 2, August 2019; ISSN: 2141-6737

Published By:
International Centre for Integrated Development Research, Nigeria
In collaboration with:
Copperstone University, Zambia.

Design and Implementation of Wireless Home Network

Odonwodo Christian Uchenna
Aliu Daniel

ABSTRACT

This study rewiews the technical development of the design and

implementation of wireless home network. Emphasis is on concept of
wireless communication, classification of wireless, application of wireless
technology, differences between wired and wireless, basic components of
wireless home network, network technology, network architecture,
information signal and procedures for design and implementation of
wireless home network, installation and configuration of Access
Point(AP). Wireless technologies truly provide a viable way of networking
information appliances within the Home. Several technologies exist to
provide wireless home networking including Wireless LAN, which is to
address issues and develop a standard that allows you to connect A/V
digital appliances and PCs without laying any cables.

Keywords: Wireless home network, wireless communication, network

technology, network architecture and information signal

INTRODUCTION

Wireless communication is experiencing its fastest growth period in

history. This has been possible because of enabling technologies that
permit widespread deployment. thus Wireless communication is the
transfer of information over a distance without the use of electrical
conductors or “wires”. The distances involved may be short (a few meters
as in television remote control) or long (thousands or millions of
kilometers for radio communications).
In the same vein the introduction of Wireless and Information
Technology facilities in our society and world at large has far reaching
effects in its activities. These applications of Wireless Technology and

Odonwodo Christian Uchenna is a Lecturer in the Department of Information and

Communication Technology, while Aliu Daniel is a Lecturer in the Department of Computer
Science, Nigerian Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Zaria. Kaduna State, Nigeria.

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 International Journal of Creativity and Technical Development
Volume 3, Number 2, August 2019; ISSN: 2141-6737
Published By:
International Centre for Integrated Development Research, Nigeria
In collaboration with:
Copperstone University, Zambia.

Information Technology facilities actually create new opportunities and

take away the monotonous routine work performed manually before the
invention and adoption of these Technologies. This has led to increase in
speed, accuracy, and efficiency in data processing, easy access, retrieval
and transmission of information. Each year home networking becomes
more and more important in everyday life. Until recently, the home
networking only provided home computers with shared access to the
Internet. But nowadays, home networks support a multitude of applications
running on the different devices, including personal computers, laptops,
peripherals devices (printers, scanners etc.), Internet access devices, home
entertainment systems, digital video recorders and smart household
appliances (Boyer, 2012 ).
According to Gerasimenko (2007) two major factors have
presented a real opportunity for data networking within the home. The
first is the explosive growth and usage of the Internet. The Internet has
clearly revolutionized the delivery of information and entertainment to
the home. The second is the emergence of powerful home personal
computers (PCs). With these inexpensive devices, the barrier to getting
on the Internet and rediscovering the utility of the PC is low enough to
reach the vast majority of middle-income households. All possible
applications of a home network can be divided into four groups:
computing, entertainment, communications and automation.
Computing for home networks means sharing of the computing
resources across multiple PCs and devices in the home. For instance,
sharing of the data, files, peripherals (such as printers and scanners),
mobile devices, home video recorders and digital cameras (Chiu, 2004).
Usually, modern home network connects entertainment devices all around
home. Also, home networks are used for applications that combine
entertainment and computing functionality, for instance interactive TV
and streaming media. Typically, home network includes digital video
recorder.
Communication applications such as telephony are by definition
network applications. Home users can use voice over IP (VoIP)
applications to make calls from their computers within the area of a home
network. Another important issue for the home users is interconnections
between personal devices and the home network. Unfortunately, most of
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 International Journal of Creativity and Technical Development
Volume 3, Number 2, August 2019; ISSN: 2141-6737
Published By:
International Centre for Integrated Development Research, Nigeria
In collaboration with:
Copperstone University, Zambia.

the devices require different types of cables in order to be connected to

the computer. The situation can be very problematical if each family
member has several personal devices. Also, such cables have tendency to
be lost, thus, wireless technologies can really become a panacea.
Nowadays, it is hard to find new model of a mobile phone or PDA without
Bluetooth support, even some digital cameras support Wi-Fi. Automation
home networks are still only a draft of the future usability. It is supposed
that automation home networks will connect security, lighting, and heating
systems together for the purposes of the user’s convenience and energy
management (Parekh, 2000). Additionally, automation networks connect
smart devices like Internet-enabled kitchen appliances together.
Nevertheless, we can state with all confidence that wireless home
networking seriously improved over the past few years. Bluetooth became
de-facto standard, which caused emerging of several competitive
technologies (Lansford & Bahl, 2000).
In keeping in line with the information age, the main purpose of
this research study is to ensure that most of homes are wirelessly
connected in order to share files, stream media, share an internet
connection, play network games, and share printer etc. In the most easiest
and efficient way in the home. Others but not limited to the following
are:
· To provide a clear understanding of the theoretical background and
basis of wireless communication.
· To provide a strong practical understanding of the design and
implementation of wireless home network and wireless network
in general.
· To provide skills in appreciating, designing and implementing
wireless home network solutions to a variety of applications and
problems.

CONCEPT OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Wireless communication is experiencing its fastest growth period in

history. This has been possible because of enabling technologies that
permit widespread deployment. It is the transfer of information over a
distance without the use of electrical conductors or “wires”. The distances
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 International Journal of Creativity and Technical Development
Volume 3, Number 2, August 2019; ISSN: 2141-6737
Published By:
International Centre for Integrated Development Research, Nigeria
In collaboration with:
Copperstone University, Zambia.

involved may be short (a few meters as in television remote control) or

long (thousands or millions of kilometers for radio communications)
(Wikipedia, 2012). Ikuomola (2011) opined that Wireless is a term used
to describe telecommunications in which electromagnetic waves (rather
than some form of wire) carry the signal over part or the entire
communication path.

CLASSIFICATION OF WIRELESS
Wireless can be divided into the following classes:
· Fixed wireless: The operation of wireless devices or systems in
homes and offices, and in particular, equipment connected to the
Internet via specialized modems.
· Mobile wireless: The use of wireless devices or systems aboard
motorized, moving vehicles; examples include the automotive cell
phone and PCS (personal communications services).
· Portable wireless: The operation of autonomous, battery powered
wireless devices or systems outside the office, home, or vehicle;
examples include handheld cell phones and PCS units.
· IR wireless: The use of devices that convey data via IR (infrared)
radiation; employed in certain limited-range communications and
control systems.(lior, 2008)

APPLICATIONS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

· Security systems: Wireless technology may supplement or
replace hard wired implementations in security systems for homes
or office buildings.
· Television remote control: Modern televisions use wireless
(generally infrared) remote control units but now radio waves are
also used.
· Cellular telephony (phones and modems): These instruments
use radio waves to enable the operator to make phone calls from
many locations world-wide.
· Wi-Fi: (for wireless fidelity) is a wireless LAN technology that
enables laptops, PC’s, PDA’s, and other devices to connect easily
to the internet.
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 International Journal of Creativity and Technical Development
Volume 3, Number 2, August 2019; ISSN: 2141-6737
Published By:
International Centre for Integrated Development Research, Nigeria
In collaboration with:
Copperstone University, Zambia.

· Wireless energy transfer: Wireless energy transfer is a process

whereby electrical energy is transmitted from a power source to
an electrical load that does not have a built-in power source, without
the use of interconnecting wires.
· Computer interface devices: Answering the call of customers
frustrated with cord clutter, many manufactures of computer
peripherals turned to wireless technology to satisfy their consumer
base.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WIRED AND WIRELESS

· A wired network uses wires (cables) to connect devices whereas a

wireless network uses radio waves.
· Wired networks are easy to set up and troubleshoot whereas
wireless networks are comparatively difficult to set up, maintain
and troubleshoot.
· Wired networks make you immobile while wireless ones provide
you with convenience of movement.
· Wired network proves expensive when covering a large area
because of the wiring and cabling while wireless network do not
involve this cost.
· Wired networks have better transmission speeds than wireless ones.
· In wired networks; a user does not have to share space with other
users and thus gets dedicated speed while in wireless networks the
same connection may be shared by multiple users (Goldsmith,
2005).

BASIC COMPONENT OF A WIRELESS HOME NETWORK

In order to set up a home Ethernet or wireless network, you will need the
basic components listed below.

Network Interface Card (NIC) - The best means of connecting a

computer to a network is through a Network Interface Card (NIC). A NIC
will allow a computer to send and receive electrical or radio signals in a
manner that other computers can understand. Most modern computers
come with Ethernet NICs installed by default.

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 International Journal of Creativity and Technical Development
Volume 3, Number 2, August 2019; ISSN: 2141-6737
Published By:
International Centre for Integrated Development Research, Nigeria
In collaboration with:
Copperstone University, Zambia.

Hub - In order to connect more than two computers together, a device

that distributes packets, or blocks of data, must be used. A hub is the most
basic of these devices. When a computer connected to a network makes a
request for data from another computer, that request will be sent to the
hub. The hub will then send that request to every computer it is connected
to, including the originating computer

Switch - A switch is a device that distributes packets, or blocks of data,

between computers in a network. Switches function in a similar fashion
to hubs, but are much more efficient.

Router - A router is a device that joins two different networks together.

Home networks usually employ routers to connect to the Internet. The
majority of routers contain a switch within them so that all of the computers
on a network can communicate.

Modem - A modem is a device that allows you to connect to your Internet

service provider and browse the Internet (Mitchell, 2012).

NETWORK TECHNOLOGY

The different wireless physical network technologies that can be used in

the Home system are:

Wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11b)

WLAN can be used to connect various appliances like PCs, PDAs and
laptops at Home. For WLAN, two possible scenarios can be implemented.
The infrastructure mode provides an 802.11 networking framework in
which devices communicate with each other by first going through an
Access Point (AP). The ad-hoc mode provides an 802.11 networking
framework in which devices or stations communicate directly with each
other, without the use of an access point (AP). Ad-hoc mode is also
referred to as peer-to-peer mode or an Independent Basic Service Set
(IBSS).

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 International Journal of Creativity and Technical Development
Volume 3, Number 2, August 2019; ISSN: 2141-6737
Published By:
International Centre for Integrated Development Research, Nigeria
In collaboration with:
Copperstone University, Zambia.

Bluetooth
Bluetooth as a wireless protocol can be compared to WLAN. Bluetooth
has the limit of lower bandwidth and lower range but the big advantage is
that Bluetooth chipsets are very small and need only a very small amount
of power. Therefore Bluetooth can be used at Home to connect small
appliances like PDAs, Headsets or remote control units to the in-home
network.

HiperLAN/2
For the connection of multimedia equipment in the home, HiperLAN/2
can be used as a wireless solution. HiperLAN/2 operates in the 5 GHz
band and offers data rates up to 54 Mb/s. The HiperLAN/2 home network
is designed as an ad-hoc LAN, which can be put into operation in a plug-
and-play manner (Geier, 2004).

NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

The architecture of a network defines the protocols and components

necessary to satisfy application requirements. One popular standard for
illustrating the architecture is the seven-layer Open System Interconnect
(OSI) Reference Model, developed by the International Standards
Organization (ISO). OSI specifies a complete set of network functions,
grouped into layers which reside within each network component. The
OSI Reference Model is also a handy model for representing the various
standards and interoperability of a wireless network.
The OSI layers provide the following network functionality:
· Layer 7—Application layer: Establishes communications
among users and provides basic communications services such as
file transfer and e-mail. Examples of software that runs at this layer
include Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), HyperText
Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
· Layer 6—Presentation layer: Negotiates data transfer syntax
for the application layer and performs translations between
different data formats, if necessary.
· Layer 5—Session layer: Establishes, manages, and terminates
sessions between applications. Wireless middleware and access
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 International Journal of Creativity and Technical Development
Volume 3, Number 2, August 2019; ISSN: 2141-6737
Published By:
International Centre for Integrated Development Research, Nigeria
In collaboration with:
Copperstone University, Zambia.

controllers provide this form of connectivity over wireless

networks. If the wireless network encounters interference, the
session layer functions will suspend communications until the
interference goes away.
· Layer 4—Transport layer: Provides mechanisms for the
establishment, maintenance, and orderly termination of virtual
circuits, while shielding the higher layers from the network
implementation details.
· Layer 3—Network layer: Provides the routing of packets though
a network from source to destination. This routing ensures that
data packets are sent in a direction that leads to a particular
destination. Protocols such as Internet Protocol (IP) operate at
this layer.
· Layer 2—Data link layer: Ensures medium access, as well as
synchronization and error control between two entities. With
wireless networks, this often involves coordination of access to
the common air medium and recovery from errors that might occur
in the data as it propagates from source to destination.
· Layer 1—Physical layer: Provides the actual transmission of
information through the medium. Physical layers include radio
waves and infrared light.
The combined layers of network architecture define the functionality of
a wireless network, but wireless networks directly implement only the
lower layers of the model.
The actual transmission of data, however, occurs at the physical
layer. As a result, the architecture allows for a layering process where a
particular layer embeds its protocol information into frames that are placed
within frames at lower layers. The frame that is sent by the physical layer
actually contains frames from all higher layers. At the destination, each
layer passes applicable frames to higher layers to facilitate the protocol
between peer layers (Peterson and Poudel, 2000).

INFORMATION SIGNAL

Data are type of information that the network stores in a computer or

retrieves from it. As a result, wireless networks transfer data from one
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 International Journal of Creativity and Technical Development
Volume 3, Number 2, August 2019; ISSN: 2141-6737
Published By:
International Centre for Integrated Development Research, Nigeria
In collaboration with:
Copperstone University, Zambia.

computer to another. This data can include e-mail messages, files, web
pages, video, music, and voice conversations. Communications systems—
such as a wireless network— symbolize data using codes that electrical,
radio, and light signals efficiently represent. The signals carry the
information through the system from one point to another. The signals
are either digital or analog, depending on their location within the system
(Dhir, 2001).

PROCEDURE FOR DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

The procedures on how to design and implement a wireless home network
are as follows:
a) DECIDING WHAT IS CONNECTED
You are wirelessly networking your home for a reason, no matter
whether it’s to share that cool, new color ink jet printer (or scanner
or digital video recorder), or to play your computer-based MP3s
on your new wide-screen TV, or to give every computer in the house
always-on access to the Internet. Whatever the reason, the first
thing to do is to determine what you want connected to the network.

b) CHOOSING A WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

After you decide that you want to connect a PC to the network
wirelessly, choose a wireless technology to use. The three leading
wireless technologies used to connect a computer to a home
network are most often referred to by their technical names:
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11a,
IEEE 802.11b, and IEEE 802.11g. The marketing name for the first
two technologies is Wi-Fi, which is a brand name coined by a
wireless trade group. Wi-Fi is supposed to denote wireless fidelity.
The three most important practical differences between IEEE
802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, and IEEE 802.11g networks are speed,
price, and compatibility:
c) CHOOSING AN ACCESS POINT
The most important and typically most expensive device in a
wireless network is the Access Point (AP; also sometimes called
a base station). An AP acts like a wireless switchboard that connects
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 International Journal of Creativity and Technical Development
Volume 3, Number 2, August 2019; ISSN: 2141-6737
Published By:
International Centre for Integrated Development Research, Nigeria
In collaboration with:
Copperstone University, Zambia.

wireless devices on the network to each other and to the rest of

the wired network; it’s required to create a wireless home network.

d) DECIDING WHERE TO INSTALL THE ACCESS POINT (AP)

You should strive to install your wireless network in a way that
eliminates dead wireless network zones in your house. Ideally, you
determine the best placement of your AP so that no spot in your
house is left uncovered. To achieve optimum signal coverage, the
best place to install an AP is near the center of your home.

e) ADDING ENTERTAINMENT AND MORE

When designing your wireless network, don’t forget to plan to add
a few gadgets for fun and relaxation. The wildly popular video-
game consoles from Sony, Microsoft, and Nintendo all offer
network connectivity and Internet connectively as well.
f) CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET
When you get right down to it, the reason why most people build a
wireless network in their home is to share their Internet connection
with multiple computers or devices that they’ve got around the
house.

Software-based Internet connection sharing: Windows XP (and later

versions of Windows) enable sharing of an Internet connection. Each
computer in the network must be set up to connect to the Internet through
the computer that’s connected to the broadband modem. The disadvantage
with this system is that you can’t turn off or remove the computer that’s
connected to the modem without disconnecting all computers from the
Internet. In other words, the computer that’s connected to the modem
must be on for other networked computers to access the Internet through
it.
Cable/DSL router: By connecting a cable/DSL router between the
broadband modem and your home network, all computers on the network
can access the Internet without going through another computer. The
Internet connection no longer depends on any computer on the network.
Cable/DSL routers are also DHCP servers and typically include switches.
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 International Journal of Creativity and Technical Development
Volume 3, Number 2, August 2019; ISSN: 2141-6737
Published By:
International Centre for Integrated Development Research, Nigeria
In collaboration with:
Copperstone University, Zambia.

In fact, the AP and/or the modem can also include a built-in router that
provides instant Internet sharing all in one device (Briere, Bruce, & Hurley,
2003).

Installing the AP

Before you install your wireless gear, buy a 100-foot Ethernet cable. If
you are installing your AP at a distance farther than that away from your
router or Internet-sharing PC, you might get a longer cable.
1. Gathering the necessary information for installing the AP
The information that you need to know includes the physical
address, IP address, default gateway, subnet mask, DNS server(s),
and whether DHCP is enabled. If you are using Windows NT/2000/
XP, and above do the following:

a. Choose Startª’Programsª’Accessoriesª’Command Prompt.

This will bring up the command prompt window that’s similar to a
DOS screen.

b. Type IPCONFIG /ALL and then press Enter.

The information that you receive will scroll down the screen. Use
the scroll bar to slide up to the top and write down the networking
information (physical address, IP address, default gateway, subnet
mask, DNS server(s), and whether DHCP is enabled).

2. Run the setup software that accompanies the AP or device

containing your AP like a wireless or Internet gateway.

3. When prompted by the setup software to connect the AP, unplug

the network cable that connects the broadband modem to your
computer from the computer’s Ethernet port and plug this cable
into the Ethernet port that’s marked WAN or Modem on your
network’s cable/DSL router or Internet gateway.

4. Complete the installation of the setup software and when prompted,

enter the information that you collected in Step 1.
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 International Journal of Creativity and Technical Development
Volume 3, Number 2, August 2019; ISSN: 2141-6737
Published By:
International Centre for Integrated Development Research, Nigeria
In collaboration with:
Copperstone University, Zambia.

5. Record the access point parameters.

6. Complete the installation software and you are finished.

Configuring AP parameters

Here’s a little more meat on each of the access point parameters that you
captured in Step 5 of the preceding section.

Service set identifier (SSID): The SSID (sometimes called the network
name, network ID, or service area) can be any alphanumeric string,
including upper- and lowercase letters, up to 30 characters in length. The
AP manufacturer might set a default SSID at the factory, but you should
change this setting.

Channel: This is the radio channel over which the AP will communicate.
If you plan to use more than one AP in your home, you should assign a
different channel (over which the AP will communicate) for each AP to
avoid signal interference. If you operate only one AP, what really matters
is that all wireless devices on your network must be set to the same channel.

WEP keys: You should always use Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
encryption. Only a determined hacker with the proper equipment and
software will be able to crack the key.

Password: Configuration software might require that you enter a password

to make changes to the AP setup. The manufacturer might provide a default
password. Use the default password when you first open the configuration
pages, and then immediately change the password to avoid a security
breach.

MAC address: The Media Access Control (MAC) address is the physical
address of the radio in the AP.

Dynamic or static wide area network (WAN) IP address: If your

network is connected to the Internet, it must have an IP address assigned
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 International Journal of Creativity and Technical Development
Volume 3, Number 2, August 2019; ISSN: 2141-6737
Published By:
International Centre for Integrated Development Research, Nigeria
In collaboration with:
Copperstone University, Zambia.

by your ISP. Your router or Internet gateway should be configured to accept

an IP address dynamically assigned by a DHCP server.

Local IP address: In addition to a physical address (the MAC address),

the AP will also have its own network (IP) address. You need to know this
IP address to access the configuration pages using a Web browser.

Subnet mask: In most cases, this value will be set at the factory to 255.
255.255.0. This number, together with the IP address, establishes the
subnet on which this AP will reside. Network devices with addresses on
the same subnet can communicate directly without the aid of a router.

CONCLUSION

Wireless technologies truly provide a viable way of networking

information appliances within the Home. Several technologies exist to
provide wireless home networking. Wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11b) is to
address these issues and develop a standard that allows you to connect A/
V digital appliances and PCs without laying any cables. With network
equipment and architecture, one can conveniently network homes
wirelessly following the laid down procedures.

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Briere, D., Bruce III, W. R. and Hurley P. (2003). Wireless Home Networking
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windows7/why-network
Chiu, N. (2004). A Service-Oriented Wireless Home Network. Consumer
Communications and Networking Conference. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
document/1286933
Dhir, A. (2001). Wireless Home Networks—DECT: Bluetooth, HomeRF, and
Wireless LANs http://www.xilinx.com
Geier, J. (2004). Wireless system architecture: How wireless work. http://
www.cisco press.com/author/bio.asp?

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 International Journal of Creativity and Technical Development
Volume 3, Number 2, August 2019; ISSN: 2141-6737
Published By:
International Centre for Integrated Development Research, Nigeria
In collaboration with:
Copperstone University, Zambia.

Gerasimenko, S. (2007). The evolution of wireless home networking. Helsinki:

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Mitchell J. (2012). How to Build a Wireless Home Network. http://
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Peterson M. and Poudel R. (2000). Wireless Network: Design & Architecture.
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 International Journal of Creativity and Technical Development
Volume 3, Number 2, August 2019; ISSN: 2141-6737
Published By:
International Centre for Integrated Development Research, Nigeria
In collaboration with:
Copperstone University, Zambia.

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