AUTOMATION
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION OF AUTOMATION
Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce the need for
human work in the production of goods and services. In the scope of industrialization,
automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human
operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation
greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well.
Automation impacts:
1. It increases productivity and reduces cost.
2. It increases the consistency of output.
3. Replacing humans in task done in dangerous entertainment.
4. It gives emphasis on flexibility and convertibility of manufacturing process. Hence
gives manufactures ability to easily switch from manufacturing products.
5. Automation is now applied primarily to increase quality in the manufacturing
process, where automation can increase quality substantially.
Advantages of automation:
Replacing human operators in tasks that involve hard physical work.
Replacing humans in tasks done in dangerous environments (i.e. fire,
space, volcanoes, nuclear facilities, underwater, etc.)
Performing tasks that are beyond human capabilities of size, weight, speed,
endurance, etc.
Economy improvement: Automation may improve in economy of
enterprises , society or most of humanity. For example, when an enterprise
invests in automation , technology recovers its investment; or when a
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state or country increases its income due to automation like Germany or
Japan in the 20th Century.
Disadvantages of automation:
Unemployment rate increases due to machines replacing humans and
putting those humans out of their jobs.
Technical Limitation: Current technology is unable to automate
all the desired tasks.
Security Threats/Vulnerability: An automated system may have limite
level of intelligence hence it is most likely susceptible to commit error.
Unpredictable development costs: The research and development cost of
automating a process may exceed the cost saved by the automation itself.
High initial cost: The automation of a new product or plant requires a
huge initial investment in comparison with the unit cost of the product,
although the cost of automation is spread in many product batches of
things.
APPLICATION
• Automated video surveillance:
Automated video surveillance monitors people and vehicles in real time with a busy
environment. Existing automated surveillance systems are based on the environment they
are primarily designed to observe, I.e., stationary camera vs. mobile camera. The purpose
of a surveillance systems is to record properties and trajectories of objects in a given
area, generate warnings or notify designed authority in case of occurrence of particular
events.
• Automated manufacturing:
Automated manufacturing refers to the application of automation to produce things in the
factory way. Most of the advantage of the automation technology has its influence in
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the manufacturer process.
The main advantage of automated manufacturing are higher consistency and quality, reduced
lead times, simplified production, reduced handling, improved work flow, and increased
worker morale when a good implements of the automation is made.
Home automation:
Home automation designates an emerging practice of increased automation of
household appliance, and features in residential dwellings, particularly
through electronic means that allow for things impracticable, overly expensive or
simply not possible recent past decades .
Industrial automation:
• Industrial automation deals with the optimization of energy- efficient drive
systems by precise measurements and control technologies. Nowadays in energy
efficiency in industrial process.
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