Automation[edit]
Factory Automation with industrial robots for palletizing food products like bread and toast at a bakery in
Germany.
The Automation process is a widely accepted form of production that has made great leaps and
bounds in the production process as a whole. Automation has led to the production of sophisticated
parts that have similar output qualities with little fluctuation in general tolerances. The use of
automation in the manufacturing process started by using such technologies as the pneumatic and
hydraulic systems for use in applications where their mechanical advantages could be used to utilize
a production for higher output quality and efficiency. We have since created a complex and highly
integrated systems composed of many different technologies and innovative procedures controlled
under High Language programming environments with sophisticated operation drivers. These
drivers are often running languages that support 6, 7, and 8 axis controls for sophisticated robotics.
Robotic arm[edit]
6 Axis Articulated Robots from KUKA
A robotic arm is a type of mechanical arm, usually programmable, with similar functions to a human
arm; the arm may be the sum total of the mechanism or may be part of a more complex robot. The
links of such a manipulator are connected by joints allowing either rotational motion (such as in an
articulated robot) or transnational (linear) displacement. The links of the manipulator can be
considered to form a kinematic chain. The terminus of the kinematic chain of the manipulator is
called the end effect or and it is analogous to the human hand.
Advantages and disadvantages[edit]
The main advantages of automation are:
Increased through output or productivity.
Improved quality or increased predictability of quality.
Improved robustness (consistency), of processes or product.
Increased consistency of output.
Reduced direct human labor costs and expenses.
The following methods are often employed to improve productivity, quality, or robustness.
Install automation in operations to reduce cycle time.
Install automation where a high degree of accuracy is required.
Replacing human operators in tasks that involve hard physical or monotonous work.[17]
Replacing humans in tasks done in dangerous environments (i.e. fire, space, volcanoes, nuclear
facilities, underwater, etc.)
Performing tasks that are beyond human capabilities of size, weight, speed, endurance, etc.
Economic improvement: Automation may improve in economy of enterprises, society or most of
humanity. For example, when an enterprise invests in automation, technology recovers its
investment; or when a state or country increases its income due to automation like Germany or
Japan in the 20th Century.
Reduces operation time and work handling time significantly.
Frees up workers to take on other roles.
Provides higher level jobs in the development, deployment, maintenance and running of the
automated processes.
The main disadvantages of automation are:
Security Threats/Vulnerability: An automated system may have a limited level of intelligence,
and is therefore more susceptible to committing errors outside of its immediate scope of
knowledge (e.g., it is typically unable to apply the rules of simple logic to general propositions).
Unpredictable/excessive development costs: The research and development cost of automating
a process may exceed the cost saved by the automation itself.
High initial cost: The automation of a new product or plant typically requires a very large initial
investment in comparison with the unit cost of the product, although the cost of automation may
be spread among many products and over time.
In manufa
