Name: Samprit Kumar Modi
Class: 11
Stream: Science
Roll no.:23
Subject: Computer Application
Project on : 5G- Network system
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my greatest gratitude to all those
who directly or indirectly helped and supported me
throughout the project.
Firstly, I am highly indebted to my computer science
teacher Mr./Mrs _________ for his guidance and constant
supervision as well as for providing necessary
information regarding the project. I would also like to
extend my gratitude to our principal for giving me a
chance to work on this project.
Finally, I would like to thank my parents, friends & team
members for their continued support and coordination in
this project.
INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION ON 5G
2. 1G- FIRST GENERATION COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Key features
Disadvantages of 1G system
3. 2G- SECOND GENERATION COMMUNTION SYSTEM
Key features
4. 3G- THIRD GENERATION COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Key features
Disadvantages of 3G system
5. 4G- FOURTH GENERATION COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Key features
Disadvantages of 3G system
6. 5G- FIFTH GENERATION COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
What is 5G NR (New Radio) and how it work
How 5G NR works and high performance acheived
Applications
How and when will 5G affect the global economy
Final thoughts
INTRODUCTION ON 5G NETWORK
5G is the 5th generation mobile network. It is a new global
wireless standard after 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G networks. 5G
enables a new kind of network that is designed to connect
virtually everyone and everything together including
machines, objects, and devices.
5G wireless technology is meant to deliver higher multi-
Gbps peak data speeds, ultra low latency, more reliability,
massive network capacity, increased availability, and a
more uniform user experience to more users. Higher
performance and improved efficiency empower new user
experiences and connects new industries.
Martin Cooper, an engineer at Motorola during 1970s working on a handheld
device capable of two way communication wirelessly, invented the first
generation mobile phone. It was initially developed to use in a car, the first
prototype was tested in 1974.
This invention is considered as a turning point in wireless communication
which led to an evolution of many technologies and standards in future.
1G – First generation mobile communication
system
The first generation of mobile network was deployed in Japan by Nippon
Telephone and Telegraph company (NTT) in Tokyo during 1979. In the
beginning of 1980s, it gained popularity in the US, Finland, UK and Europe.
This system used analogue signals and it had many disadvantages due to
technology limitations.
Key features (technology) of 1G system
Frequency 800 MHz and 900 MHz
Bandwidth: 10 MHz (666 duplex channels with bandwidth of 30 KHz)
Technology: Analogue switching
Modulation: Frequency Modulation (FM)
Mode of service: voice only
Access technique: Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
Disadvantages of 1G system
Poor voice quality due to interference
Poor battery life
Large sized mobile phones (not convenient to carry)
Less security (calls could be decoded using an FM demodulator)
Limited number of users and cell coverage
Roaming was not possible between similar systems
2G – Second generation communication system
GSM
Second generation of mobile communication system introduced a new digital
technology for wireless transmission also known as Global System for Mobile
communication (GSM). GSM technology became the base standard for further
development in wireless standards later. This standard was capable of
supporting up to 14.4 to 64kbps (maximum) data rate which is sufficient for
SMS and email services.
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system developed by Qualcomm also
introduced and implemented in the mid 1990s. CDMA has more features than
GSM in terms of spectral efficiency, number of users and data rate.
Key features of 2G system
Digital system (switching)
SMS services is possible
Roaming is possible
Enhanced security
Encrypted voice transmission
First internet at lower data rate
Disadvantages of 2G system
Low data rate
Limited mobility
3G – Third generation communication system
Third generation mobile communication started with the introduction of UMTS
– Universal Mobile Terrestrial / Telecommunication Systems. UMTS has the
data rate of 384kbps and it support video calling for the first time on mobile
devices.
After the introduction of 3G mobile communication system, smart phones
became popular across the globe. Specific applications were developed for
smartphones which handles multimedia chat, email, video calling, games,
social media and healthcare.
Key features of 3G system
Higher data rate
Video calling
Enhanced security, more number of users and coverage
Mobile app support
Multimedia message support
Location tracking and maps
Better web browsing
TV streaming
High quality 3D games
Disadvantages of 3G systems
Expensive spectrum licenses
Costly infrastructure, equipment and implementation
Higher bandwidth requirements to support higher data rate
Costly mobile devices
Compatibility with older generation 2G system and frequency bands
4G – Fourth generation communication system
4G systems are enhanced version of 3G networks developed by IEEE, offers
higher data rate and capable to handle more advanced multimedia services.
LTE and LTE advanced wireless technology used in 4th generation systems.
Furthermore, it has compatibility with previous version thus easier deployment
and upgrade of LTE and LTE advanced networks are possible.
Simultaneous transmission of voice and data is possible with LTE system
which significantly improve data rate. All services including voice services can
be transmitted over IP packets. Complex modulation schemes and carrier
aggregation is used to multiply uplink / downlink capacity.
Wireless transmission technologies like WiMax are introduced in 4G system to
enhance data rate and network performance.
Key features of 4G system
Much higher data rate up to 1Gbps
Enhanced security and mobility
Reduced latency for mission critical applications
High definition video streaming and gaming
Voice over LTE network VoLTE (use IP packets for voice)
Disadvantages of 4G system
Expensive hardware and infrastructure
Costly spectrum (most countries, frequency bands are too expensive)
High end mobile devices compatible with 4G technology required, which is
costly
Wide deployment and upgrade is time consuming
5G – Fifth generation communication system
5G network is using advanced technologies to deliver ultra fast internet and
multimedia experience for customers. Existing LTE advanced networks will
transform into supercharged 5G networks in future.
In earlier deployments, 5G network will function in non standalone mode and
standalone mode. In non standalone mode both LTE spectrum and 5G-NR
spectrum will be used together. Control signaling will be connected to LTE
core network in non standalone mode.
There will be a dedicated 5G core network higher bandwidth 5G – NR
spectrum for standalone mode. Sub 6-GHz spectrum of FR1 ranges are
used in the initial deployments of 5G networks.
In order to achieve higher data rate, 5G technology will use millimeter waves
and unlicensed spectrum for data transmission. Complex modulation
technique has been developed to support massive data rate for Internet of
Things.
5G is a unified, more capable air interface. It has been designed with an
extended capacity to enable next-generation user experiences, empower new
deployment models and deliver new services.
With high speeds, superior reliability and negligible latency, 5G will expand
the mobile ecosystem into new realms. 5G will impact every industry, making
safer transportation, remote healthcare, precision agriculture, digitized
logistics — and more — a reality.
What is 5G NR (New Radio) and how it works?
5G NR (new radio) is the new standard for 5G wireless technology capable of
much faster, efficient and scalable network. 5G NR technology will enable us
to connect with many things in the surrounding with low latency and lighting
speed.
Since the third generation of mobile network has been launched, we are able
to send and receive data via mobile network. Current 4G technology offers
faster data rate than its previous generations but it has limitation due to its
bandwidth, scalability and number of users under individual cells.
5G NR has been designed to scale the network efficiently for next 10 to
15 years. Any future enhancements will not affect existing network and
performance improvements are possible.
How 5G NR works and high performance
achieved?
Unlicensed spectrum: 5G NR will be using millimeter wave spectrum above
24 GHz range. Some of the candidates for 5G NR are
Below 1 GHz bands like 600 MHz and 700 MHz for long range transmission
Mid 1GHz to 6 GHz unlicensed bands for higher bandwidth
Millimeter wave: it plays a big role in 5G NR system due to much higher
bandwidth. Top candidates for future 5G networks are 24.25 to 27.5 GHz,
27.5 to 29.5 GHz, 37 GHz, 39 GHz and 57 to 71 GHz range.
Massive MIMO: using MIMO technology, downlink speed up to 952 mbps can
be achieved in test cases. MIMO will use complex antenna arrays to multiply
transmission speed to achieve maximum speed and efficiency.
Small Cell: small cell network is a group of low power transmitting base
stations which uses millimeter waves to enhance network capacity. The total
network load is shared between small cells and difficulties of physical
obstructions eliminated.
Modern network terminologies like beamforming and full duplex can be
efficiently utilized with small cell concept and millimeter waves for
transmission.
Dynamic TDD technology: allows to simultaneously transmitting and
receiving efficiently and utilizing wider bandwidth for transmission. Advanced
modulation techniques of existing FDD, TDD and combined technology can
be used for more efficient spectrum usage.
Self contained TDD subframe structure offers much efficient transmission
capabilities and coexistence with other systems which the system supports.
Advantages of 5G NR
5G NR system will offer a much faster, scalable and efficient network which
can support billions of devices and emerging technologies like Internet of
Things. Moreover, unlicensed spectrum has unlimited opportunities due to
higher bandwidth even up to 500MHz.
One of the most important advantages of 5G NR system is its forward
compatibility for next 10 to 15 years. 5G NR is capable of further
enhancements in the coming years without interrupting the existing network.
Low latency design offers a much reliable network and support mission critical
application with higher accuracy. Low latency and precision is very crucial in
autonomous driving and connected car concept.
Ultra low cost deployments of scalable network with deep coverage and ultra
reliability. Less power consumption makes this system energy efficient and
adaptive.
Applications
Ultra fast mobile internet
High performance, HD multimedia download and streaming
Internet of Things applications
Healthcare and wearable applications
Mission critical applications
Autonomous driving and position mapping
Industrial automation and real time monitoring
Smart sensor technology for agriculture and farming
Inventory management, warehouse and shipping
Smart city and security applications.
How and when will 5G affect the global economy?
5G is driving global growth.
• $13.1 Trillion dollars of global economic output
• 22.8 Million new jobs created
• $265B global 5G CAPEX and R&D annually over the next 15 years
Through a landmark 5G Economy study, we found that 5G’s full economic
effect will likely be realized across the globe by 2035—supporting a wide
range of industries and potentially enabling up to $13.1 trillion worth of goods
and services.
This impact is much greater than previous network generations. The
development requirements of the new 5G network are also expanding beyond
the traditional mobile networking players to industries such as the automotive
industry.
The study also revealed that the 5G value chain (including OEMs, operators,
content creators, app developers, and consumers) could alone support up to
22.8 million jobs, or more than one job for every person in Beijing, China. And
there are many emerging and new applications that will still be defined in the
future. Only time will tell what the full “5G effect” on the economy is going to
be.
Final thoughts
We are witnessing technology evolutions in mobile networks, from basic text
messages to HD multimedia streaming and virtual reality. Since internet is an
inevitable factor of each area of growth, the network has to be fast, scalable,
reliable and energy efficient. 5G NR has started another stage of technology
evolution to support huge demand for a smarter network which will offer an
amazing experience in future
