2.
0 COMPUTER HARDWARE
AND SOFTWARE
School of Education
Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities
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2.1
COMPUTER HARDWARE
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Computer Hardware
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Computer Hardware
RAM CPU’s Hard Floppy CD ROM
Memory Processors Motherboards Drives Drives Drives
Video
Mice Keyboards Modems Monitors Printers
Cards
Multimedia Sound Video Backup Computer Other
Speakers Cards Camera Drive Cases Equipment
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Computer Hardware
• Computer hardware is the physical components
that a computer system requires to function.
• A motherboard is an electronic circuit board in a
computer which interconnects hardware devices
attached to it.
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Computer Hardware: Motherboard
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Computer Hardware
Four categories of computer hardware devices:
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Computer Hardware
Four categories of computer hardware devices:
Input Devices: For raw data input.
Processing Devices: To process raw data instructions into
information.
Output Devices: To disseminate data and information.
Storage Devices: For data and information retention.
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Hardware: Processing Devices
• When a computer receives data from an input
device, the data must go through an intermediate
stage before it can be sent to an output device.
• A processing device is any device in a computer
that handles this intermediate stage.
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Hardware: Processing Devices
• Some of the most common processing devices in a
computer include the following:
– Central processing unit (CPU)
– Graphics processing unit (GPU)
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Hardware: Input Devices
• An input device is any hardware device that sends
data to a computer, allowing you to interact with
and control it.
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Hardware: Output Devices
• An output device is any peripheral that receives
data from a computer, usually for display,
projection, or physical reproduction.
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Hardware: Storage Devices
• Alternatively referred to as digital storage, storage,
storage media, or storage medium, a storage
device is any hardware capable of holding
information either temporarily or permanently.
• RAM VS ROM
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2.2
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
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Computer Software
System Application Programming
Software Software Software
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System Software
• Systems software, are all designed to control and
coordinate the procedures and functions of
computer hardware.
• They actually enable functional interaction
between hardware, software and the user.
• Systems software carries out middleman tasks to
ensure communication between other software
and hardware to allow harmonious coexistence
with the user.
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System Software
Systems software can be categorized under the
following:
•Harnesses communication between hardware, system
Operating system programs, and other applications.
•Enables device communication with the OS and other
Device driver programs.
•Enables device control and identification.
Firmware
•Translates high-level languages to low-level machine
Translator codes.
•Ensures optimum functionality of devices and
Utility applications.
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Application Software
• Application software is used for attaining specific
tasks.
• Application software uses the capacity of a
computer directly for specific tasks and are used to
manipulate text, graphics and numbers.
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Application Software
The different types of application software include
the following:
Application Software Type Examples
Word processing software MS Word, WordPad and Notepad
Database software Oracle, MS Access etc
Spreadsheet software Apple Numbers, Microsoft Excel
Multimedia software Real Player, Media Player
Presentation Software Microsoft Power Point, Keynotes
Enterprise Software Customer relationship management system
Information Worker Software Documentation tools, resource management tools
Dictionaries: Encarta, BritannicaMathematical: MATLABOthers:
Educational Software
Google Earth, NASA World Wind
Simulation Software Flight and scientific simulators
Content Access Software Accessing content through media players, web browsers
Application Suites OpenOffice, Microsoft Office
Software for Engineering and Product Development IDE or Integrated Development Environments
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Programming Software
• Programming software usually provides tools to
assist a programmer in writing computer
programs and software using different
programming languages in a more convenient way.
• The tools include text editors, compilers,
interpreters, linkers, debuggers, and so on.
• Programming software examples - Turbo C, Xilinx,
Kiel, compilers, debuggers, Integrated
Development Environment (IDE), etc.
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Sub-Type of Computer Software
• Apart from the major types of computer software,
there are many other sub-types such as:
• software that anyone can download from the Internet and use for
free.
Freeware • Examples - Google Talk, Yahoo Messenger, uTorrent, etc.)
• Software that usually distributed for free on a trial basis.
• It can be shared without violation of any laws.
Shareware • They usually stop working or prompt the user to purchase the
full version, once the trial period expires.
• Examples - BearShare, Kazaa, Winzip, etc.)
• software with open source code, which is available to all users.
• As such, anyone can make changes to it and release their own
Open Source Software new version.
• Example- Android OS, OpenOffice, etc.)
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2.3
COMPUTER ASSEMBLY
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Computer Assembly
1. Watch the motherboard assembly tutorial here.
2. Watch the E-Waste Management here.
3. The official portal of SCHEDULED E-WASTE
MANAGEMENT in Malaysia.
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Assignment 1 (Group of 3 to 4)
Objective: Disassemble and assemble computer
hardware for simple and common computer
setup.
Instructions:
1. Find a video on how to disassemble and assemble
computer parts (other than video provided in the
class).
2. Write step by step with pictures. Include pictures of
your own computer parts if possible.
3. State the name of the computer part and its function.
4. Provide step by step solutions to faulty computer
parts.
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