Trarspose
mxn moix, ^hen }he moti
T A bjman be a
A is
he DLO onel column>,
Dlotaine d by iner changing
Colled he tsonspOse A
Amxn nxm
is denDBed by ^ os A
the Morhi A
Transpose Ds
Mtahon
so, Ib A= ) then
mxn nam
Dider DMatox A is 3x4 and 3 s a matia
the
Such h o AB and AB both ate deined then he
order o Motix B is 4x3
3 4
pos m Ihpied
33 4x4
B AB
3A4X3
pe m1phed
A-2I =) -2
3
,
en nd AAwhou I is he
-3 motix D osdor 373
Tdenhy
2
o
o) --23
A D
- 3
-3 (2oo 3
A
2 2D
3 2
o0 2
-3
3
AA
31
3
3
12
2-b-3 -3-246
2-b-3 4+9+1 6t3-2
3-2t6 -bt3-2 +1t4
4-S
-5 14
Proper4esi
fov any maice3 A and B o Sutable ovdev3
heye k is any constant)
kA) k
CAB)T = BAT
( B) AT
b A 4 ond B[b -7o
O3 - 2 s hen Yerfy tha
23 2
33
AB = 2 4 - 2 - y
28t+D O+10-ID
6+3
[4
A 4-2-s 6t3
-28+4 -
O-1D 6
-24
Maices ; -
Tpe DK
Some Special
Symmetrc Matia i -
sad Ho be
be a mmetic
asammetrc
is SatdHo
madix A
A
A Squane
mohi A
-3
A = -3I
ond
-3 -42 -3-4-2
2S
since A
Matmx .
A fs a SzmmeBic
smmetie
Mati A a
In
In a
9
aij ajr
-9 en f=j a a
-h-9
9-D
h9
h --A
-9
Note 8-
In steuw Symmetm cmat
Jor all possibla values oh andJ
ay =-aj;
oL a stew symmetic
the diagpnal elemen
.e
Mhotmn
JolloOing maix fs a siewmmenc
Chec K +hat eoth of he
Matmax
(a) 0D
2
-to 2-
-4 -2+
PYoperHes
Ais a Sauane Matix,then
motx
A-Ais a srew-smmetic
is SymmetmCmatMX
( A+A a
AAT Ord A A SS a Sammetic matv
B A-AT
B AA
B -LA-
BB) B is sreo symrmetic matix
Simula mamx i-
Squao matmx fs zevD.
e detfrminanh Dh any
J
Singular Matix.
hen
hen Matix rs temed a
matix
A 2
fe a ron -
sinoulav
.
6-b o
Non-Siîngulay mat :
he deeminant o Ony Squau
I
is +esmed ag
matix A
non-2ero. e 14l o hen
NDn Sinquln mothx
- -4
) (D+)2 12#0
distinck eluments in a Sqmmetnc matj-
* Maximum
aximum ro.D5
ro.D
I42+3+4+
(On
2
matix A =| 23
2 1
-3
siul 4hen value x
o5 *
- 2 +2(-3-a) +3(2-n) =0
S -2 -%-61 =0
B AtA
BB
B AAT
-B
AAand AA fs a Sammetie Mix.
REMARK
Every
Very SAuan e mati A Con be Tepreserted as a
Sum
A T sby Smmetit and SKeo- S a m m e i m a t i x
A A+AT) + (A-AT)
Smmeic SeSmmetic
as h e sum D} mmeti and
ExpTesS
Expess the mati e
6-2
SLeD SymmeBC m a i were A
-
= A+) + (4-T)
(
Dr-thogonal malix i-
Said obe
An Squo mati * A b dicl n s
Ovthoapnal
ATa b, C
b
a C3 C C
o1 tbh+(1C2 a t bbatG
+bt
a19tbbt Cie2
at b a, +b>+Ç at bat+G I
Po shoDha- A COse ne fs an Dsthoqpna motx.
COS9
AA A'A=I
CoSe-ine
Cne COSe
COS9 inecose-in9
AA Sine COSO Sin COSO
-&irOuos0ttaso£ine
NOte Jh A s an Drlhogonal matíx h e doPminant
muSh be
p An I
osoonal matix ot order 3and
(Pb A is an
+7
B 23 then value o B)
-3 0 2 -47
A) BI the 47
-41
one D thes&
B) lD-TD) -2(o-4) +3(-)
-ID +8-45
B) -4
IdampD tEnt Matma i-
A Saua matsx A is olled fdam poten Fh[A9)
tdem pote nt mati a Bther O Dr
Dei minen Ds
proo AA
A- I = D
1A11-)=o 19)=o 1/=
Involutary mali i
AA Suae matí Suth that (-1 fs calted
Involu4ao1y matin.
Dete
Deeminan ®5 involutay marti is t
(1al-t
Nilpoen motin
ASquau matí n fs called ilpofent F theu
eists a posiiv e in¥ege mueh h o t A D
m is lea positive inHegei. Sueh thoa "=o then
4hen
mfsolled the ndex os the ipotent mati.
A fo i o
sa poen may-ia, then volye D5
index o 5e nflpD4en f's
oo
e)Leo) LO
mat 1s
e only NOn siaular iclompo Rnt
A AI
ALA I) =o
S7 A 2 2 -4
On tclem p0 Jen atmn
-13 4
2-3 )
2
-1 3 4
2
- 3)
t2 -6+ S-8+)2
2-3t4 2t9-8 4+2H2
3 -2-6+b -4-+a
2 -
3.4 A i s called
3
TdempoBen
Ib AB A and BA B hen psove ha A and AT
Tdem pokent
AB A BA B
pse-mw4iply by A
ABA AB
AA A
A is ol mpokn matiy
CA) AT
(7)aT
Afs iclem poBtn moix
Session -3
C Ih mal- 2 he find odjA
C m= dek l5) 5s
adja=C
C)2 M del(4) -y4
C m, - -da8) 3
-4
d 2
Note
Adjon o a
22 MOtHx Can be
dtsecHy fovnd by
nHerchangig +he diagpnaelementy and changing
he Sian 0 5 e f f dieonal elements
So,
adj A = C22 - aji
abj j d -b
P
Hind he odjoín O5 Tme oliDLeng MaHces
Osd Sind
ad A c o s ing
Sind cosa Sina CDSA
matîx A= 2o
en ind odja.
3
The ma-Rv A 5 - 8o
350
2-
IdampoftnF Imolu Paoy MoBix
matix
NulNul pokni mai None Ohese.
-5 '-8 o -&
5D
2
(5-24+o 40-Dt+0
Adjoin oh Matîx i-
mamn t3 adjoin is de bined as
Fo
Por ony
ony 59ual
Co-Jactor Matia.
d ¥3
Transpose
Ay 12 3a)3 C
A adjA
C
AdjA Cy C C
C Ca
C C
RegD4
. for ony Squa a A ndn
I, o ) x 9 |DO
A(ods A) = )
Diononalmatix
A)> Scalas umbey
pYDD e A =
2 3 en AdjA
C C2 C3|
Since
since Sum 95 PrOduc D elemens DarDuw a Coumn)
oncd
wh CDSTesponding cofattovs is equal to
we have
otherwise erO
A. AdjA A
D
d oD
A) 191-I
OA o OID
Simtanly, We Can show
(adj A)4 = lA)I
Hence A
djA) =
edja)A =
(A).I |
PYoper ie33-
lodjal Al= Al0-1
adjCodja) =(®]A
a d j ladja)| =ta1e9
Aj tAT)= j )
n-1
iladja) =ol
. a A In 1oBI101 \B|
Al ladjnl = 191°lI
lad al l
adjal I 9-
) adj (odjA) = IeA
B. odj B= 811
B adjA
adja odiBAK fadj a).z
asjA. adj (adjA) = ladjA|. I
adja. adj (adja) =
A on Both sid
hu1iplied by
A. adj A odj(adj A) = [A)°AL A:In A
1A adj (adja) =
14 A a . adj A = IAl I,
adj (adj#) = 1a
adj (adjA) =
IAA
'PoY Dvder 2 mam
-2
adj ladj'A) = 1A .A
ad ladjA)
=
A|
a b adjA=b
adjladjA) =| a bb
adj ladj A) = A
a6ad todj)-
A
WKT adj (adjA)= }9
(AA
ka)= 19
D e
=
lodj (adja)
1
1 -.A
nln-a)
. 1A)
A)
= (A
n-)
ad (ady )
d j ( ) »(odj a)'
D-
odj (KA) = a d j A , i s(y Stan
adj (am) (od A); meN
adj (8 adjs) ladj A)
=
B. adjB = lB) I, B kA
KA adjBe |k9) I
KA odjA) =K°|4) In
A adj (KA) K 1A1 In
Pre-mylHpicd
badj AdjA A adj lk4) K 1 adjA.In
I n adj (K#) k
adj CKA) = KadjA
ad (2A) =
adj
23
31 THen adj (ad A) is
-3
adjladjA) 1A].A4
=
tA) b-) -2l4-3)43(2-4) 1Af A = 141.9
5-2(1)+3l4) 5-2-21s 3-23*1g
9l-1s
1s 23
3
2
