Chapter 4 old questions ATL

Q1. Which of the following systems is the most suitable for a design using a state transition
diagram?
a) A greenhouse control system, which keeps the optimum environment in a greenhouse
based on the information of the installed sensors
b) A water bill accounting system, which calculates charges from the data of water meters
c) An inventory-taking system, which counts the inventory assets at the end of each month
and at book closing
d) An operations measurement system for system resources, which measures the operational
status of the system resources, and generates a report

Q2. Which of the following appropriately describes “efficiency” that is one of six software
quality characteristics defined in ISO/IEC 9126-1?
a) The capability of the software product to be modified: Modifications may include
corrections, improvements, or adaptation of the software to changes in environment, and in
requirements and functional specifications.
b) The capability of the software product to be transferred from one environment to another
c) The capability of the software product to be understood, learned, used, and attractive to the
user, when used under specified conditions
d) The capability of the software product to provide appropriate performance, relative to the
amount of resources used, under stated conditions

Q3. Which of the following is an example of the relationship between the base class and the
subclass in object orientation?
a) “Car” and “engine” b) “Company” and “employee”
c) “Figure” and “triangle” d) “Human” and “head”

Q4. Which of the following is the appropriate purpose of regression test?

a) To verify and assess the acceptability of the system performance under varying workloads
b) To verify that the system can work with the actual data and operational procedures in
actual environments
c) To verify that the system operates in a stable manner for a long period of unscheduled
maintenance, repair, or adjustment
d) To verify the functionality of the upgraded system against a baseline system to ensure that
any existing system capabilities have not been adversely impacted

Q5. Which of the following is the appropriate description concerning standardization in

programming?
a) Defining programming conventions is effective for preventing errors that programmers
tend to make.
b) It is effective for clarifying the standard execution time of a program to promote the
creation of efficient programs.
c) Its original purpose is not to limit an individual programming style, but to easily achieve
the effect of optimization provided by a compiler.

1
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

d) Its purpose is to define rules about common items that are independent of programming
languages.

Q6. The test data about the part of a program shown in the flowchart is specified by “decision
condition coverage” (branch coverage). If this test data is specified by “multiple condition
coverage,” which of the following is the appropriate data to add? Here, the part enclosed in
parentheses indicates the pair of test data elements.

The test data used by “decision condition coverage” (branch coverage):

(A=4, B=1), (A=5, B=0)

a) (A=3, B=0), (A=7, B=2)

b) (A=3, B=2), (A=8, B=0)
c) (A=4, B=0), (A=8, B=0)
d) (A=7, B=0), (A=8, B=2)

Q7. The number of remaining bugs in software is estimated by bug-embedding method. The
number of captured bugs by testing is 48. The number of bugs found by testing is 16 out of
22 embedded bugs. How many bugs are estimated to be still hidden? Here, the number of the
embedded bugs found in the test is proportional to the number of the bugs found in the
software.
a) 6 b) 10 c) 18 d) 22

Q8. Which of the following is the model that can be used to guide process improvement and
to assess the capability level and the maturity level of a project, a division, or an entire
organization?
a) CMMI b) MBNQA c) SLA d) SLCP

Q9. The diagram shown below depicts who can use the system and in what ways the users (or
external systems) expect to interact with the system. What is this type of diagram called?

2
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

a) Activity diagram b) Data flow diagram

c) Entity relationship diagram d) Use case diagram

Q10. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning object-oriented design?

a) “Aggregation” is the feature that allows values of different data types to be handled using a
uniform interface.
b) “Encapsulation” is the technique to integrate data and operational procedures as an object
and hide implementation details from the outside.
c) “Inheritance” is the property of an object where data or methods in the subclass can be
used in the super class.
d) “Method” sent to an object is the only means of performing its specific functions.

Q11. Which of the following is an appropriate combination of the fundamental object-

oriented concepts?
a) Abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, class
b) Materialization, structuring, continuity, class
c) Normalization, encapsulation, division, class
d) Virtualization, structuring, projection, class

Q12. In software development, it is a good practice to develop highly independent modules.

When module independence depends primarily on two measures, module strength (or
cohesion) and module coupling, which of the following is the appropriate combination of
good programming practices?

Module strength Module coupling

a) High High
b) High Low
c) Low High
d) Low Low

3
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

Q13. As shown in the figure below, all the lines show signs of leveling off in the control
chart of a program test. Which of the following can be inferred from this condition?

a) Numerous bugs have occurred, and the number of completed test items has stopped rising.
b) The bug occurrence and test item completion rates match, and there are no more
unresolved bugs.
c) The number of completed test items has risen, and bugs have stopped occurring.
d) The process is facing some bugs that are difficult to resolve, and subsequent tests are not
proceeding.

Q14. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning a use case diagram in
UML?
a) It is used to describe the sequence of states that an object goes through in response to
external events.
b) It is used to model the functional, informational, behavioral, and organizational workflow
perspectives.
c) It is used to represent mutual actions by means of messages sent and received between
objects.
d) It is used to show what system functions are performed for which actor, from the user’s
perspective.

Q15. Which of the following is the test that is performed to ensure that the components and
modules of a system can communicate with one another in accordance with the functional
specifications and design?
a) Integration test b) Operational test
c) System test d) Unit test

Q16. Which of the following is the software development process model that incorporates the
best features of both the classic lifecycle and the prototyping approaches, by beginning each
repeated development cycle with extensive risk analysis throughout the entire software
development life cycle for large-scale applications?
a) Evolution model b) Growth model
c) Spiral model d) Waterfall model

4
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

Q17. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning the maturity level in
the staged representation of CMMI?
a) At the “defined” level, processes are statistically measured and controlled.
b) At the “initial” level, processes are characterized for projects and are often reactive.
c) At the “managed” level, processes are documented and followed.
d) At the “quantitatively managed” level, processes are continually improved.

Q18. Among UML diagrams, which of the following is the most appropriate diagram that can
describe more easily dynamic behaviors of business process and events triggering the
process, and can also represent various workflow routing types such as sequential routing,
join, split, iteration, and parallel routing?
a) Activity diagram b) Communication diagram
c) Sequence diagram d) State machine diagram

Q19. Which of the following is the appropriate relationship between “MovieTheater” and
“TicketOffice” shown in the class diagram below?

a) Aggregation b) Association
c) Composition d) Generalization

Q20. Which of the following is the technique that is used to redesign or reorganize an
existing body of program code without changing its externally observable behavior?
a) Reengineering b) Refactoring
c) Restructuring d) Reverse engineering

Q21. There is a program module that is executed only when the value of an integer variable x
is within the range of 50 through 100 (50 ≤ x ≤ 100). When this module is tested using the
boundary value analysis, which of the following is the appropriate
combination of the values to be tested?
a) 49，50，99，100
b) 49，50，100，101
c) 50，51，99，100
d) 50，51，100，101

5
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

Q22. The test phase of software development can be divided into four stages: unit test,
integration test, system test, and operational test. When the descriptions A through D shown
below are applied to the four stages, which of the following is the appropriate combination of
each stage and its description?
A: The test is done by developers in order to confirm the overall system functions.
B: The test is done, mainly to check interface between modules or components.
C: The test is done on a module or component basis.
D: The test is done under the production environment, and users take a key role in testing.

Unit test Integration test System test Operational test

a) B C A D
b) B C D A
c) C B A D
d) C B D A

Q23. Which of the following is an appropriate activity to be performed in the first phase of
system development?
a) Analyzing the current business operations and organizing system requirements
b) Designing the internal structure of each program
c) Designing the user interface
d) Dividing subsystems into programs and designing the details of each program

Q24. Which of the following is an explanation of the waterfall model in system

development?
a) Instead of building complicated software from scratch, the development starts by repeating
analysis, design, implementation, and testing of simple parts, and gradually expands its scale.
b) Instead of building everything at once, the system is developed in incremental steps on the
top of the basic system architecture according to the priority of each function.
c) Development makes progress by creating a prototype and receiving feedback on user
requests.
d) The development process is divided into some phases, such as design, implementation, and
test. Once a phase is completed, its deliverables are used for conducting the next phase.

Q25. Which of the following is the most appropriate description concerning maintenance and
management activities that are performed in a development environment for embedded
systems used during the development of a product?
a) It is desirable to maintain and manage the development environment by updating it to the
latest environment, even if it is not frequently used.
b) It is desirable to maintain and manage the development environment such as through
periodic operational checks regardless of usage frequency.
c) It is not necessary to maintain the development environment after the commercialization of
the product because the environment is not used again.

6
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

d) The development environment leased from a rental company is always maintained under
the responsibility of the rental company.

Q26. Which of the following is a diagram used in UML2.0 for the purpose of depicting the
interactions between the system, external systems, and users, or graphically describing who
uses the system and in what ways the user expects to interact with the system?
a) Component diagram b) Deployment diagram
c) Sequence diagram d) Use case diagram

Q27. Which of the following is the most appropriate statement concerning the use of
frameworks in software development?
a) Compiled programs written with the use of a framework can run on different platforms
without modification and re-compilation.
b) Frameworks can shorten the development period for software projects by taking advantage
of the work and experience of others.
c) Programs using frameworks are generally faster because frameworks are typically
optimized for performance and efficiency.
d) Use of frameworks eliminates programming errors by promoting reuse of design and
algorithms and allowing programmers to focus on application logic.

Q28. In software development, which of the following is the most appropriate primary
purpose of performing a system test?
a) To verify the functionality and operability of the deliverables principally on developer’s
own responsibility in the production environment
b) To verify the functionality of each software component on programmer’s own
responsibility
c) To verify the functionality of multiple software components as well as the interfaces
between the components
d) To verify the operational readiness and determine whether the software is acceptable to
end users

Q29. In object-oriented design, which of the following is a way to form new classes using
classes that have already been defined and to take over data structures and procedures of the
pre-existing classes referred to as base classes?
a) Delegation b) Encapsulation c) Inheritance d) Polymorphism

Q30. Which of the following is an activity to be performed in software architecture design

within the development process?
a) Clarifying the details of the processing executed by each line of the program
b) Determining how to implement software requirements already defined
c) Finalizing specifications based on customer opinions
d) Organizing the requirements in charts to analyze them in step-by-step detail

7
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

Q31. In a software test phase, when a bug control chart is used to evaluate test progress and
software quality, which of the following is the most appropriate perspective to consider?
a) If the cumulative total number of completed test items, the cumulative total number of
bugs, and the number of unresolved bugs all remain unchanged, it is necessary to check if the
software has a bug that is hard to resolve.
b) If the test items are processed as scheduled and there are not so many unresolved bugs,
software quality is considered to be high even when the cumulative total number of bugs does
not increase.
c) The schedule is delayed because of more bugs than expected during the first half of the test
phase, and then is reviewed on the assumption that the test phase is completed with a delay of
a few days.
d) The test completion date can be almost exactly predicted from the changes in the
cumulative total number of bugs and the number of unfinished test items, regardless of the
number of unresolved bugs.

Q32. Which of the following is a technique that analyzes software or hardware and creates a
design document, such as an E-R diagram based on the definition information of database
system in the production environment?
a) Concurrent engineering b) Forward engineering
c) Reverse engineering d) Social engineering

Q33. The class diagram below shows part of an ordering system used for mail order and
teleshopping. Which of the following is the most appropriate combination of relations that
should be inserted into blanks A through D in order to complete the diagram?

8
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

Q34. The figure below shows an example of a DFD used in structured analysis. What does
the symbol “ ” represent in the figure?

a) Data flow b) Data store

c) External entity d) Process

Q35. Which of the following is a diagram that is used for modeling the event-driven or
discrete behavior of an object in UML 2.x (i.e., UML 2.0 or later)?
a) Activity diagram b) Object diagram
c) Sequence diagram d) State machine diagram

Q36. From internal and external viewpoints concerning software product development and
maintenance, which of the following is an appropriate quality characteristic that includes
several sub-characteristics such as maturity, fault tolerance, recoverability, and availability?
a) Functional suitability b) Maintainability
c) Portability d) Reliability

Q37. Which of the following is a type of integration test that has the characteristics listed
below?

[Characteristics]
- All of the related program modules are combined and tested at once.
- Neither drivers nor stubs are required.
- It is useful for small programs, but not for commercial development projects.

9
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

a) Big bang test b) Bottom-up test

c) Sandwich test d) Top-down test

Q38. Which of the following is a typical method that is contained in agile software
development?
a) Dynamic programming b) Extreme programming
c) Server-side programming d) Web programming

Q39. When 50% of the undefined specifications are defined each time a prototype is created,
how many prototypes should be created to define over 90% of the specifications that are
undefined at the start of prototyping?
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

Q40. Which of the following provides a standard set of graphical notations or diagrams for
specifying, visualizing, designing, and documenting object-oriented systems?
a) DFD b) DML c) UML d) XML

Q41. Which of the following can be represented in an E-R diagram?

a) The relationship between data and processes
b) The relationship between entities
c) The relationship between entity types and instances
d) The relationship between processes

Q42. Which of the following is a type of software test that is performed in order to ensure
that changes made for software maintenance do not affect any other unintended parts of the
software?
a) Integration test b) Operational test
c) Regression test d) System test

Q43. In a UML class diagram, which of the following is a relationship in which objects from
the “whole” class control the lifetime of objects from the “part” class and which is
graphically represented as a solid line with a filled diamond next to the class playing the
“whole” role?
a) Aggregation b) Composition c) Inheritance d) Realization

Q44. When software components written in a low-level programming language are used to
perform time-critical arithmetic operations on a very large amount of data, which of the
following is expected to be improved among the eight software product quality characteristics
defined in the ISO/IEC 25000 series of standards?
a) Functional suitability b) Operability
c) Performance efficiency d) Reliability

Q45. Which of the following is a characteristic of object orientation?

10
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

a) Encapsulation can increase interdependency between objects.

b) Inheritance can localize the changes necessary to expand or modify a model.
c) Operations on an object for abstraction must be specified in advance.
d) When a class is changed, all higher-level classes must also be changed.

Q46. In software development, which of the following is the method that is used to test the
functions of modules in accordance with specifications without respect to their internal
structures?
a) Black box test b) Regression test
c) Top-down test d) White box test

Q47. Which of the following is the most appropriate indicator used for the progress
management of a program test?
a) The amount of correction made to the program
b) The amount of test data created
c) The number of test items completed
d) The number of times that the program is restarted

Q48. In software development that uses the waterfall model, which of the following is an
appropriate description concerning the cost of fixing errors detected during an operational
test?
a) Coding errors affect the work scope for all succeeding phases, so those errors cost more to
fix than the requirements definition errors.
b) External design errors affect not only the program but also manuals and other documents,
so those errors cost more to fix than coding errors.
c) Internal design errors can usually be detected during the design review, so those errors cost
less to fix than coding errors.
d) Test case errors require more work than only the correction and re-execution of the test
cases, so those errors cost more to fix than external design errors.

Q49. Which of the following is a deliverable of data architecture that is one of the four
architectures contained in Enterprise Architecture?
a) E-R diagram
b) Information system relationship diagram
c) Software configuration diagram
d) Work flow diagram

Q50. During system development, a domain model is often created as part of the business
modeling activities. Among the diagrams in UML, which of the following is the diagram that
contains the implementation view of the entities in the domain model?
a) Class diagram b) Communication diagram
c) Object diagram d) Use case diagram

11
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

Q51. In UML, the state machine diagram (previously called statechart diagram) is used for
describing the state machine model of a target system. Which of the following is an
appropriate description of the state machine diagram?
a) It shows how data flows in the system through a sequence of processes.
b) It shows how the system responds to internal and external events.
c) It shows relationships among objects in the system at a point in time.
d) It shows the flow of events from one activity to another.

Q52. In the course of object oriented design, which of the following can be regarded as a
subclass of the base class “automobile”?
a) Engine b) Serial number
c) Tire d) Truck

Q53. The integration test for software that is composed of a set of modules arranged in a
hierarchical structure is performed from a high-level module. In such a case, which of the
following is a test module that is used as a substitute for the low-level module?
a) Driver b) Emulator
c) Simulator d) Stub

Q54. When the data model conforms to the notation described below, which of the following
is an appropriate description concerning the interpretation of the E-R diagram shown below?

a) A signle order is not made from multiple suppliers.

b) Multiple products are not ordered with a single order.
c) Order slips correspond to delivery slips on a one-to-one basis.

12
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

d) The identical product is purchased from a signle supplier.

Q55. Which of the following is the software development process model that aims to achieve
a high degree of completion of a system by dividing the system into some subsystems and
repeating the development cycle for each subsystem in consideration of minimizing the risk
in each cycle?
a) Evolutional model b) Incremental model
c) Spiral model d) Waterfall model

Q56. In a UML class diagram, which of the following is a direct relationship between one
object in a class and another object in another class and is graphically represented as a solid
line with or without an arrow?
a) Association b) Dependency c) Inheritance d) Realization

Q57. Which of the following is an invalid data flow in the DFD shown below?

a) A b) B c) C d) D

Q58. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning test data for a white
box test?
a) Test data is created on the basis of external specifications.
b) Test data is created on the basis of internal structures.
c) Test data is created on the basis of the relationships between input and output.
d) Test data is created using equivalence partitioning.

Q59. When the quality of a software product is evaluated using the ISO/IEC 25000 series of
standards, which of the following is an appropriate quality characteristic that means the
capability of the software product to maintain a specified level of performance when it is
used under specified conditions?
a) Functional suitability b) Maintainability
c) Performance efficiency d) Reliability

13
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

Q60. Which of the following is a type of integration test in which all the related program
modules are combined and tested at once regardless of the hierarchical structure after the unit
test for each module is completed?
a) Big bang test b) Bottom-up test
c) Sandwich test d) Top-down test

Q61. Among the maintenance activities of a system, which of the following is an appropriate
description of adaptive maintenance?
a) Existing issues or defects are identified and corrected on an as-needed basis.
b) New features are added to an existing system, or existing features are improved.
c) Periodic monitoring or inspection is performed to prevent service interruptions.
d) The system is modified to cope with changes in the external environments.

Q62. Which of the following is an explanation of reverse engineering of software?

a) The existing software is analyzed, and its specification and internal structure are clarified.
b) The internal structure of software is changed without changing the behavior seen from the
outside.
c) The new software is developed on the basis of the in-depth analysis of the existing
software.
d) The source code is automatically generated from the design information by using a
CASE tool.

Q63. Which of the following is a technique where a system is actually attacked and an
intrusion attempt is made, with the aim of discovering security-related vulnerabilities of a
computer or network?
a) Penetration test b) Regression test
c) Software inspection d) Walk-through

Q64. Among the diagrams used in UML 2.x, which of the following is the diagram that can
represent the interactions based on messages sent or received between objects?
a) Component diagram b) Sequence diagram
c) State machine diagram d) Use case diagram

Q65. When a system is developed by using object-oriented approach, which of the following
is the effect of encapsulation?
a) A new class is derived as a child class, so the child class can use any necessary attributes
of its parent class.
b) An increase in the types of objects receiving messages does not affect the objects sending
messages, because each object responds to the same message in a different way.
c) In addition to existing types, user-defined types can be used, so the specification of a
program can be extended according to the problem area.
d) When the internal data structure or the implementation of a method for an object is
changed, other objects are not susceptible to the change.

14
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

Q66. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning the black box test?
a) Even if the program to be tested contains redundant code, such kind of code cannot be
detected.
b) In consideration of the internal structure of the program, it is verified whether or not the
necessary path is executed.
c) The amount of test data increases rapidly with an increase in the number of branch
instructions or modules.
d) The coverage rates of instructions and branches are used as criteria for creating test data.

Q67. Which of the following is the appropriate category of system maintenance that is
performed for the purpose of adding new features to an existing system or enhancing existing
features?
a) Adaptive maintenance b) Corrective maintenance
c) Perfective maintenance d) Preventive maintenance

Q68. Which of the following is an appropriate explanation of Agile software development

methodology?
a) A model in which the system is developed by enlarging the scale of the development
functions while repeating a series of development processes over and over and by minimizing
various risks such as a development cost increase
b) A model in which trial software is created in an early stage of development in order to
determine user interfaces and system performance such as responsiveness, and to reduce the
risk of rework caused by specification changes in subsequent stages
c) A model that encompasses a group of adaptive, iterative, and incremental development
methods, such as XP and Scrum, and focuses on collaboration and responding to changes in
the shortest period of time in a sustainable manner
d) A model that prescribes a series of development phases in which development process
flows downwards without going back to an earlier phase once it is completed, and each phase
has its distinct set of deliverables used for the succeeding phase

Q69. Which of the following is the order that activities A through F are performed in a
system development process using a waterfall model?
[Description of activities]
A: Investigating and analyzing current problems, and defining requirements for the target
system
B: Dividing functions required for the system into programs, and clarifying the flow of
processing
C: Designing detailed procedures, and writing code
D: Performing tests
E: Designing the internal structure of each program
F: Defining functions needed as the system on the basis of the system requirements
specifications

15
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

a) A, B, F, C, E, D b) A, F, B, E, C, D
c) A, F, B, E, D, C d) A, F, E, B, C, D

Q70. In the development process, which of the following is an activity that should be
performed in software architecture design?
a) Analyzing the requirements on a step-by-step-basis by using the form of a chart
b) Deciding how to implement the software requirements that are already defined
c) Deciding the specifications according to the baseline of customer opinions
d) Describing the specifications so that the program is clarified on a line-by-line basis

Q71. The diagrams used in UML 2.x (including 2.0 and later versions) are categorized into
two types of diagrams: structure diagrams and behavior diagrams. Structure diagrams show
the static structure of the objects in a system. Behavior diagrams show the dynamic behavior
of the objects in a system. Which of the following is an appropriate combination of diagrams
that belong to each category?
Structure diagram Behavior diagram
Class diagram Sequence diagram Use
a)
Component diagram case diagram
Component diagram Communication diagram
b)
Object diagram Deployment diagram
Deployment diagram Activity diagram
c)
Object diagram Component diagram
Object diagram Use case Sequence diagram State
d)
diagram machine diagram

Q72. According to the ISO/IEC 25010 standard, the quality properties of a software product
or system are categorized into eight characteristics: functional suitability, performance
efficiency, compatibility, usability, reliability, security, maintainability, and portability.
Which of the following is the appropriate explanation of “performance efficiency”?
a) Degree to which a product or system can be used by specified users to achieve specified
goals in a specified context of use
b) Degree to which a product or system provides capabilities relative to the amount of
resources used under stated conditions
c) Degree to which a product or system provides functions that meet stated and implied needs
when used under specified conditions
d) Degree to which a system, product, or component performs specified functions under
specified conditions for a specified period of time

Q73. Which of the following is an appropriate deliverable that must be approved when the
external design of a system is completed?
a) Physical database specification b) Program flowchart plan

16
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

c) Screen layout d) System development

Q74. In terms of the test coverage of a program module, which of the following is an
appropriate explanation of the relationship between path coverage, branch coverage, and
statement coverage?
a) 100% branch coverage implies 100% path coverage but not statement coverage.
b) 100% path coverage implies 100% statement coverage but not branch coverage.
c) 100% path coverage implies both 100% branch coverage and statement coverage.
d) 100% statement coverage implies 100% branch coverage but not path coverage.

Q75. When an integration test is performed by using the top-down approach, which of the
following is particularly necessary?
a) Debugger b) Driver
c) Emulator d) Stub

Q76. In the UML diagram shown below, which of the following is described in the blank
?

a) Aggregation name b) Association name

c) Class name d) Use case name

Q77. In object-oriented development, it is possible to make settings such that the user is not
affected even if the internal structure of an object is changed. Thus, it is possible to create a
situation where the user of an object is not necessarily aware of the internal structure of the
object. Which of the following is the term that represents the concept of implementing such
development?
a) Classification b) Encapsulation
c) Modularization d) Structuration

Q78. In software development, which of the following is an appropriate explanation of a test

that uses stubs?
a) During the execution of a program, the contents of a variable or register are displayed as
required, and the test is continued after the contents are modified if necessary.
b) Each time a specific instruction is executed, the contents of registers and main memory are
dumped to check whether the process is executed correctly.
c) When a top-down test is performed, a dummy lower-level module that is called by the
upper-level module is prepared to stand in for an unfinished portion of the program.
d) When a unit test for a module is performed, a dummy higher-level module that calls the
module is prepared to check whether the operation is executed correctly.

17
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

Q79. Which of the following is an appropriate explanation of the state transition diagram that
is used for requirements analysis and design in system development?
a) The flow of data between processes is described by using four symbols: data flow, process,
data store, and external entity.
b) The functions of a system are described from a top-level overview down to details in a
stepwise manner.
c) The overall structure of a program is represented in the form of a hierarchical structure.
d) The triggers that change the state, such as the passage of time and the change in control
signal, and the operations performed as a result are described.

Q80. Among the software development activities, which of the following is an explanation of
refactoring?
a) In order to improve the maintainability of a program, its internal structure is modified
without any change of the external specifications.
b) In order to improve the quality of a program, two programmers cooperate with each other
and perform the coding of a single program.
c) In order to obtain feedback from users, the prototype of a program to be provided is
created at an early stage.
d) In order to promptly develop a program to be operated, test cases are set in advance, and
then the program is coded.

Q81. Which of the following is the most suitable system for a design using a state transition
diagram?
a) A greenhouse control system, which keeps the environment in a greenhouse optimum
based on the information of the installed sensors
b) A water bill accounting system, which calculates charges from the data of water meters
c) An inventory-taking system, which counts the inventory assets at the end of each month
and at book closing
d) An operations measurement system for system resources, which measures the operational
status of the system resources, and generates a report

Q82. Among UML 2.x, (including 2.0 and later versions) diagrams, which of the following is
the most appropriate diagram that can gives a graphic overview of the actors involved in a
system, different functions needed by those actors and how these different functions are
interacted?
a) Activity diagram b) Communication diagram
c) Interaction Overview diagram d) Use Case diagram

Q83. Which of the following is an appropriate explanation about the following UML class
diagram?

18
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

a) An instance of Class1 associated with has an instance of Class2.

b) An instance of Class2 is a logical part of an instance of Class1.
c) An instance of Class2 is a physical part of an instance of Class1.
d) An instance of Class2 is like an instance of Class1. Class2 inherits from Class1.

Q84. Which of the following is an appropriate description of how to design test cases for a
black box test?
a) Test cases are designed according to the program’s functional specifications and interface
specifications.
b) Test cases are designed on the basis of the procedure and internal structure of the program.
c) Test cases are designed so that each of the decision conditions in the program can evaluate
both TRUE and FALSE at least once.
d) Test cases are designed with reference to program specifications or the source list, after the
program specifications are finalized or the coding is completed.

Q85. Which of the following is the purpose of a stress test?

a) To compare performance with other computers by measuring the execution time of a
standard program
b) To confirm the operation at the limits of processing capability that is required for a system
c) To confirm that there are no unintended effects on the program functions that have no
relation to correction or change in the program
d) To evaluate the usability of a system by having actual users use the system

Q86. Which of the following is the process of changing a software system in such a way that
it does not alter the external behavior of the code yet improves its internal structure?
a) Reengineering b) Refactoring
c) Restructuring d) Reverse engineering

Q87. Which of the following is an explanation of the spiral model in system development?
a) In this model, cycles are divided up into smaller, more easily managed iterations called
build. Each iteration passes through the requirements, design, implementation and testing
phases.
b) In this model, each phase must be completed in its entirety before the next phase begins.
At the end of each phase, a review takes place to determine if the project is on the right path
and whether to continue the project or not.
c) This model has four phases: Planning, Risk Analysis, Engineering and Evaluation. A
software project repeatedly passes through these phases in iterations.
d) This model is a sequential execution of processes. Each phase must be completed before
the next phase begins. Testing is emphasized in this model and the testing procedures are
developed early in the life cycle before any coding is done, during each of the phases
preceding implementation.

19
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

Q88. According to ISO/IEC 25010 (Systems and software engineering — Systems and
software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — System and software quality
models), which of the following is an appropriate quality characteristic that means the degree
to which a product or system provides functions that meet stated and implied needs when
used under specified conditions?
a) Functional suitability b) Performance efficiency
c) Reliability d) Usability

Q89. In unit testing, which of the following activities is part of “white box testing”?
a) Boundary value analysis b) Condition testing
c) Equivalence partitioning d) Orthogonal array testing

Q90. Which of the following is a mechanism that allows several subclasses of a common
parent class to override the same method with different behaviors?
a) Aggregation b) Composition
c) Inheritance d) Polymorphism

Q91. The integration test for a software that is composed of a set of modules arranged in a
hierarchical structure is performed from a low-level module. In such a case, which of the
following is a test module used as a substitute for a higher level module?
a) Driver b) Emulator c) Simulator d) Stub

Q92. Which of the following is a structural design pattern that allows classes with
incompatible interfaces to work together and that can be implemented in either form in the
two diagrams below?

20
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

a) Adapter b) Factory c) Iterator d) Singleton

Q93. Which of the following is a term for the process of generating a Unified Modeling
Language (UML) class diagram from a program?
a) Backtracking b) Forward engineering
c) Re-engineering d) Reverse engineering

Q94. Which of the following is a technique where a system is actually attacked and an
intrusion attempt is made in order to detect security-related vulnerabilities of a computer or
network?
a) Penetration test b) Regression test
c) Software inspection d) Walk-through

Q95. Which of the following can be used to detect worms by using SHA-256 to calculate a
hash value from a subject file, and then cross-checking this against a database of hash values
from files containing specimens of known worms?
a) A worm that has the same file size as a worm specimen
b) A worm that is in the same subspecies as a worm specimen
c) A worm with code strings that have the same characteristics as a worm specimen
d) The same worm as a worm specimen

Q96. Which of the following is the most appropriate explanation of the deployment diagram
defined in UML 2.x (including 2.0 and later versions)?
a) It addresses the dynamic view of the system. In other words, it is drawn for a single class
to show the lifetime behavior of a single object.
b) It describes the types of objects in the system and the various kinds of static relationships
that exist among them.
c) It shows a static view of the run-time configuration of processing nodes, such as servers
and clients, as well as the components that run on these nodes.
d) It shows the organizations and dependencies among a set of pieces that are independently
purchasable and upgradeable, and addresses the static implementation view of the system.

Q97. In software development for small projects, which of the following is an appropriate
explanation of test driven development (TDD)?
a) All functionalities are identified at the start of the project. Code and test cases are
developed together and functionalities are developed simultaneously.
b) Continuous testing is implemented during the coding process using automated testing. The
process eliminates the requirement for system testing
c) Development is done in increments of functionality where test cases are executed and the
code is developed to pass the test cases before moving to the next increment.
d) Test cases are executed at the end for each stage of the development process where all
code must first pass the test case before proceeding to the next stage.

21
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

Q98. There is a program module that is executed only when the value of integer x is
25 ≤ x < 50. When this module is tested using the boundary value analysis, which of the
following is an appropriate combination of values to be tested?
a) 24, 25, 49, 50 b) 24, 25, 50, 51
c) 25, 26, 49, 50 d) 25, 26, 50, 51

Q99. Which of the following is an appropriate category of system maintenance preformed for
the purpose of modifying the system to cope with changes in the software environment (e.g.
DBMS, Operating system)?
a) Adaptive maintenance b) Corrective maintenance
c) Perfective maintenance d) Preventive maintenance
Q100. Which of the following is an appropriate order of six phases used in every SDLC
(Software Development Life Cycle) model?
a) Requirements Analysis  Design  Programming  Deployment  Testing 
Maintenance
b) Requirements Analysis  Design  Programming  Testing  Deployment 
Maintenance
c) Requirements Analysis  Design  Programming  Testing  Maintenance 
Deployment
d) Requirements Analysis  Programming  Testing  Design  Maintenance 
Deployment

Q101. In order to check whether a system works normally, users in the system user
department and operators in the system operations department jointly conduct operational
testing prior to full operation. Which of the following is an appropriate description of the
users should prioritize during testing?
a) Testing whether all application programs work according to the specifications
b) Testing whether online, batch, and other processing is performed according to the
operational procedures
c) Testing whether the performance objective is achieved
d) Testing whether the system operates according to predetermined business procedures

Q102. A data backup system must support restoring all transactions until 5 minutes before a
disaster happens. What type of goal is this?
a) Maximum tolerable downtime b) Recovery point objective
c) Recovery time objective d) Service level agreement

Q103. Which of the following is an appropriate test to verify the efficacy of security
measures by attempting an actual intrusion?
a) Exception test b) Functional test
c) Penetration test d) Stress test

22
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

Q104. Which of the following is an appropriate test to verify the efficacy of security
measures by attempting an actual intrusion?
a) Exception test b) Functional test
c) Penetration test d) Stress test

Q105. Which of the following are components of a UML2.x (including 2.0 and later
versions) state diagram?
a) Message and Activity b) Message and Transition
c) State and Message d) State and Transition

Q106. As shown in the list below, there are three types of coupling. Which of the following is
the most appropriate combination of the type of coupling?
Coupling A: One module passes an element of control to the other module.
Coupling B: One module passes the data structure as a parameter to the other module.
Coupling C: Two modules have access to the same global data.
Coupling A Coupling B Coupling C

a) Content coupling Data coupling Common coupling

b) Content coupling Stamp coupling External coupling

c) Control coupling Data coupling External coupling

d) Control coupling Stamp coupling Common coupling

Q107. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning test data for the black
box testing?
a) Test data is created based on branch coverage.
b) Test data is created based on condition coverage.
c) Test data is created based on external specification.
d) Test data is created based on program structure.

Q108. When a software component is tested, which of the following is an appropriate

combination of X and Y?
X: It calls the software component to be tested.
Y: It is called from the software component to be tested.
X Y

a) component unit

b) driver stub

c) stub driver
d) unit component

23
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

Q109. According to the Capability Maturity Model Integration, which is the final stage and
has the highest level of maturity?
a) Auditable b) Custom
c) Optimized d) Quantitative

Q110. Which of the following is the most appropriate description of polymorphism in object
oriented design?
a) It allows developers to define classes incrementally by reusing classes defined previously
as the basis for new classes.
b) It allows the analyst to focus on the important dimensions while ignoring nonessential
dimensions.
c) It combines the processes and data into a single object.
d) It is the provision of a single interface to entities of different types.

Q111. In the development process, which of the following is an activity that should be
performed in software architectural design?
a) Analyzing the requests in incremental steps by arranging them in the form of a chart
b) Describing the specifications so that the program is clarified on a line-by-line basis
c) Obtaining the opinion of the customer and deciding the specifications
d) Transforming the requirements for the software item into an architecture that describes its
top-level structure and identifies the software components

Q112. Which of the following is the most appropriate description of stack-trace in relation to
debugging a program?
a) A trace of call stack methods/functions/subroutines
b) Stacking/gathering the traces left by other programs
c) The traces left in memory from a stack data structure
d) Tracing stack data structure for appropriate contents

Q113. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning a state transition test
in a system integration test?
a) A method for black box tests that does not focus on a system’s internal state.
b) A method that checks whether a system behaves according to the designed combinations
of events and internal states.
c) A method that is suitable for tests of calculations and processing systems whose internal
state does not change depending on the occurrence of an event.
d) A method that uses a data flow diagram and a decision table to analyze the internal state of
a system.

Q114. Which of the following is a method for analyzing a source and object codes, and
extract program specifications and design information?
a) Reengineering b) Refactoring

24
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

c) Restructuring d) Reverse engineering

Q115. According to the ISO/IEC 12207 (Systems and software engineering – Software life
cycle processes (SLCP)), the Software Implementation Process has the following lower-level
processes:
1) Construction Process
2) Requirements Analysis Process
3) Architectural and Detailed Design Process
4) Integration and Testing process
Which of the following is an appropriate order for the Software Implementation Process?
a) 1)  2)  3)  4) b) 2)  3)  1)  4)
c) 2)  3)  4)  1) d) 3)  4)  2)  1)

Q116. Which of the following must be approved by the customer when the external design of
a system is completed?
a) Physical database specification b) Program flowchart
c) Screen layout d) System development plan

Q117. Which of the following is the appropriate combination of the basic concept of object
orientation?
a) Abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, class
b) Embodiment, structuring, continuation, class
c) Normalization, encapsulation, division, class
d) Virtualization, structuring, projection, class

Q118. In order to increase module independence, the level of module coupling must be low.
Which of the following methods of exchanging information between modules has the lowest
level of module coupling?
a) Control parameters are passed as arguments in order to control the execution order of
modules.
b) Only data items that are required for input and output are passed as arguments between
modules.
c) Relevant module reference data that is defined in a common area.
d) Required data is declared externally and shared.

Q119. The integration test for software composed of modules arranged in a hierarchical
structure is performed from a high-level module. In such a case, which of the following is a
test module that is used as a substitute for a low-level module?
a) Driver b) Emulator
c) Simulator d) Stub

25
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

Q120. Which of the following is the method that uses a modeling tool to create a design
document described with E-R diagrams or other representations from the definition
information in an active database?
a) Concurrent engineering b) Forward engineering
c) Reverse engineering d) Social engineering

Q121. Which of the following is a module strength for the collection of multiple sequential
functions, with internal passing of data?
a) Communicational strength b) Functional strength
c) Informational strength d) Procedural strength

Q122. Which of the following is the appropriate combination of Class and Object in Object
Oriented Programming?
Class Object
a) A class can be termed as a group of objects An object is a particular instance
with similar behavior and similar attributes. of a class.
b) A class can be termed as a group of objects An object is the blueprint of the
with similar behavior and similar attributes. class.
c) A class contains the real values of its An object has the definition and
attributes. behavior of a class.
d) A class is an instance of a particular object. An object can be defined as a
template that describes the
behavior that the class of its type
support.

Q123. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning the black box test?
a) Even if the program to be tested contains redundant code, such code cannot be detected.
b) If the number of branch instructions and modules increases, the test data volume increases
rapidly.
c) In consideration of the internal structure of the program, it is verified whether or not the
necessary part is executed.
d) The coverage rate of instructions and branches is used as criteria for the creation of test
data.

Q124. Which of the following is an appropriate testing type to ensure that the interfaces and
linkages between different parts of programs work properly?
a) Acceptance test b) Integration test
c) Qualification test d) Unit test

Q125. Which of the following is an explanation of reverse engineering of software?

a) The entire software is reconstructed after analyzing and understanding the existing
software.
b) The existing software is analyzed, and its specification and structure are clarified.

26
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

c) The internal structure of software is changed without changing the behavior seen from the
outside.
d) The source code is generated automatically from the design information by using a
development support tool.

Q126. In order to determine the quality condition in a test process, it is necessary to analyze
and evaluate the relationship between the number of completed test items and the cumulative
number of bugs. Which of the following is the graph that indicates that the quality is
becoming stable?

Q127. In the UML class diagram, which of the following represents the relationship between
the classes as shown in the figure below?

a) Aggregation b) Association c) Composition d) Generalization

Q128. Which of the following is an explanation of encapsulation in object orientation?

a) Abstraction and sorting of several objects that have the same nature
b) Combination of the data and procedures that operate the data into a single object, and their
concealment from outside the object
c) Extraction of the nature shared between classes and creation of a base class
d) Inheritance of the nature of a base class by a subclass

27
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

Q129. Which of the following can generally be called a subclass of an “automobile” based on
the concept of object orientation?
a) Engine b) Manufacturing number
c) Tire d) Truck

Q130. In the flowchart below, what is the minimum number of test cases that satisfies the
decision condition coverage (branch coverage)?

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

Q131. Among the software development activities, which of the following corresponds to
refactoring, which is also emphasized in agile development?
a) To improve the maintainability of a software, the internal structure of a program is
changed without any change in the external specifications.
b) To improve the quality of a software, two (2) programmers cooperate with each other and
perform coding of one (1) program.
c) To obtain feedback from the users, a prototype of the software to be provided is created at
an early stage.
d) To promptly develop a software to be operated, test cases are set in advance, and then the
program is coded.

Q132. When an UML is used for business modeling, which of the following is the diagram
that can represent a workflow such as the execution sequence of the business processes and
branching based on conditions?
a) Activity diagram b) Class diagram
c) Component diagram d) Object diagram

Q133. In object orientation, which of the following is the name of being able to use the
attributes and functions of a class in a subclass of that class?
a) Encapsulation b) Inheritance
c) Override d) Polymorphism

28
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

Q134. In the development process, which of the following is an activity that should be
performed in software architecture design?
a) Converting the requirements for a software item into an architecture that represents the
top-level structure and identifies software components
b) Refining a program so that the processing of each coded line is clarified
c) Seeking comments from the customer and determining a specification
d) Summarizing the requirements in the form of diagrams and tables, and refining and
analyzing them in stages

Q135. Which of the following is the testing technique that uses the different unique
combination of input conditions to check whether the corresponding result is delivered based
on the design rules as specified for the system?
a) Boundary value analysis b) Decision table testing
c) Equivalence partitioning d) Robustness testing

Q136. Which of the following is an appropriate test to ensure that the interfaces and linkages
between different parts of software work properly?
a) Functional test b) Integration test
c) Performance test d) Unit test

Q137. Among eXtreme Programming (XP) practices, which of the following is adopted to
improve program quality in program development through smooth communication between
programmers by exchanging their roles and checking each other’s work?
a) Coding standard b) Pair programming
c) Planning game d) Test-driven development

Q138. Which of the following is an appropriate description of a UML use case diagram?
a) It shows the behavior that occurs during object life cycle using finite state transitions.
b) It shows the exchange of messages among objects, and massage transmissions and object
lifelines in a time series.
c) It shows the flow from one activity to another activity in systems and work.
d) It shows the scenarios for what the system will do, from the point of view of actors (i.e.,
external users or machines).

Q139. Among the design techniques that are used in system development, which of the
following is an explanation of a decision table?
a) It represents a combination of conditions and the corresponding operations.
b) It represents entities by a rectangle and their relationship through connecting lines.
c) It represents the flow of controls, such as a process or selection, by linear lines or arrows.
d) It represents the flow of data between an external interface, processes, and data store.

29
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

Q140. Test data about the part of a program shown in the flowchart below is specified by
decision condition coverage (branch coverage). When this test data is changed to being
specified by multiple-condition coverage, which of the following is the appropriate test data
to be added? Here, the part enclosed by parentheses () represents the set of test data.

 Test data by decision condition coverage (branch coverage)

(A = 4, B = 1), (A = 5, B = 0)

a) (A = 3, B = 0), (A = 7, B = 2)
b) (A = 3, B = 2), (A = 8, B = 0)
c) (A = 4, B = 0), (A = 8, B = 0)
d) (A = 7, B = 0), (A = 8, B = 2)

Q141. Among the different types of software tests, which of the following is a test that is
performed with the purpose of checking whether or not a location that must not be affected
by changes made for software maintenance is affected?
a) Integration test b) Operational test
c) Regression test d) System test

Q142. Which of the following is an explanation of reverse engineering of software?

a) The entire software is reconstructed after analyzing and understanding the existing
software.
b) The existing software is analyzed, and its specification and structure are clarified.
c) The internal structure of software is changed without changing the behavior seen from the
outside.
d) The source code is created automatically from the design information using a development
support tool.

Q143. Which of the following UML diagrams shows the exchange of messages among
objects, message transmission, and object lifelines in a time series?
a) Activity diagram
b) Communication diagram
c) Sequence diagram

30
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

d) State-machine diagram

Q144. Which of the following is an appropriate relation between a class and an instance in
object-oriented programming?
a) An instance defines the specifications of a class.
b) An instance is created based on the definition for a class.
c) Multiple classes correspond to one (1) instance.
d) Only one (1) instance exists for one (1) class.

Q145. Which of the following is the type of module coupling that has the weakest degree of
coupling in which the exchange of information between modules is performed only using
parameters?
a) Common coupling b) Control coupling
c) Data coupling d) Content coupling

Q146. In the development process, which of the following is an activity that should be
performed for software architectural design?
a) Analyzing the requirements in incremental steps by expressing them in the form of a
diagram, etc.
b) Describing the specifications so that the program is clarified on a line-by-line basis
c) Obtaining the opinion of the customer and determining the specifications
d) Transforming the requirements for the software item into an architecture that describes its
top-level structure and identifies its software components

Q147. The figure below shows that the cumulative number of bugs reached the target value,
when the number of completed test items was X. Which of the following is an appropriate
explanation of the situation shown in this figure?

a) It indicates that a large number of bugs may still remain internally.

b) It indicates that desk-checking and simulation were performed satisfactorily prior to
testing.
c) It indicates that the probability of occurrence of bugs after shipping is low, because the
target cumulative number of bugs was reached.

31
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

d) It indicates that the testing process was completed successfully.

Q148. Which of the following is an appropriate description of an extreme programming (XP)

practice?
a) After the code is created, and it is confirmed that it can be integrated, test cases are created.
b) Integration of the code and testing are continuously repeated.
c) The code that passed the tests is not refactored until the next iteration.
d) The customer is responsible for the specification of unit tests.

Q149. Which of the following is the UML class diagram that shows a generalization relation?

Q150. The figure below shows an example of a DFD that uses one of the DFD notations and
represents a flow of data in a system. Texts in the figure are not shown. Which of the
following is represented by the circle “” in the DFD notation used in the example?

a) Activity b) Data flow

c) Data store d) Process

32
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

Q151. Which of the following is an appropriate relationship between classes and instances in
object orientation?
a) An instance defines the specifications of a class.
b) An instance is created based on the definition of a class.
c) Multiple classes correspond to a single instance.
d) Only one (1) instance exists for a single class.

Q152. Which of the following is the weakest module coupling?

a) To implement as many functions as possible with a single module
b) To pass arguments that control another module’s logic when the module is called
c) To pass only required data items as arguments between two (2) modules
d) To use a global area to share data items with other modules

Q153. Which of the following tests verifies the interfaces between two (2) modules or
subsystems?
a) Acceptance test b) Integration test c) Operational test d) Unit test

Q154. Which of the following UML diagrams is used to represent the user interactions with
the system and the functions of the system?
a) Activity diagram b) Class diagram
c) Sequence diagram d) Use case diagram

Q155. Which of the following is an appropriate description of an acceptance test?

a) It is conducted by developers to verify response time and other performance items.
b) It is conducted by testers to ensure that the interfaces and linkages between different
software parts work properly.
c) It is conducted by the project manager to verify whether users’ functional requirements are
met or not.
d) It is conducted by users to confirm that the software is complete and meets the business
needs that prompted the software to be developed.

Q156. In the development process, which of the following is an activity that should be
performed in software architectural design?
a) Analyzing the requirements in incremental steps by arranging them in the form of a chart
b) Describing the specifications so that the program is clarified on a line-by-line basis
c) Obtaining the opinion of the customer and deciding the specifications
d) Transforming the requirements for the software into a design that describes its top-level
structure and identifies the software components

Q157. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning test data for black box
testing?
a) Test data is created based on branch coverage.
b) Test data is created based on condition coverage.

33
 Chapter 4 old questions ATL

c) Test data is created based on external specifications.

d) Test data is created based on program structures.

Q158. In an agile software development project, when can the customer review the first piece
of working software?
a) After the completion of the first epic
b) After the completion of the first few releases
c) After the completion of the first iteration
d) After the completion of the whole project

Q159. According to the Capability Maturity Model Integration, which of the following is the
final and highest level of maturity?
a) Auditable b) Custom
c) Optimizing d) Quantitatively Managed

34