Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
Vivek Rawat
B.tech Cse
Std ID:-21011456
Roll no.69
gmail:-vivekrawat0002001@gmail.com
Abstract - In this research, literature in human-computer interaction is reviewed and the
technology aspect of human computer interaction related with digital devices is also
analyzed.
According to all these concerns, recommendations to design good human-computer digital devices
are analyzed and proposed. Due to improvements in both hardware and software, digital
devices have
unveiled continuous advances in efficiency and processing capacity. However, many of these
systems are also becoming larger and increasingly more complex. Although such
complexity usually
poses no difficulties for many users, it often creates barriers for users while using digital
devices. Usually, in designing those digital devices, the human-computer interaction is left
behind
without consideration. To achieve dependable, usable, and well-engineered interactive digital
devices requires applied human computer interaction research and awareness of its issues.
1. INTRODUCTION
To study the interaction between humans and computers, to develop human skills,
and to have the principles and techniques to create effective interactions with all
technologies.
Today, computers play an important role in education and healthcare. Digital devices
such as laptops and tablets and portable devices such as smartphones have become
almost ubiquitous. The use of electronic devices in health and environmental
education is important because it provides more attractive, realistic and interesting
environments. At the same time, it is aimed to improve the learning environment for
all students by using digital technology in the classroom. It is also clear that the use
of digital tools in the classroom can be effective in improving student motivation,
ability to use information, and overall learning.
This course is about designing interfaces for the modern computer, the next class of
human computing technology, that has a physical appearance and a distinct usage
environment. Such technologies include, for example, virtual computers, context-
aware computers, virtual environments, and computer environments often referred to
as new technology. New technologies often mean more ways to interact with the
way most computers work. One example is location-aware car navigation systems.
Such systems
work by moving into the body cavity, receiving voice commands and pressing some
special buttons next to the steering wheel and do not use WIMP intervention as we
traditionally only start with Google as we know it. a desktop computer. These
systems thus compete for the scope of design of human-computer interaction as
well as the ideas and feasibility of design methods and tools created for them.
The research presented in this article contributes to the advancement of knowledge
about
> problem solving and human-computer systems.
In the next section, the concept of human-computer design is introduced in order to
explain the main text, and the differences between interaction design and process
are discussed and classified.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Human-computer interaction can be viewed as two
powerful data processors (humans and computers) trying to enter as
Well. narrow
bandwidth, height-limited interfaces communicate with each other. Human-Computer Interaction
(HCI) is defined by (ACM SIGCHI, 1996) as "the discipline that involves the study of the design,
evaluation, and use of computer systems for human use and the major events surrounding them."
By definition, human computer interaction is computer science. It is the intersection of different
disciplines such as , behavior
and many other disciplines. Therefore the main confusion is whether HCI is science, design
science or engineering 2. Literature Review
Newell & Card (1985) ) defines HCI as a science; HCI mediates through prediction,
design with engineering-style theories and tools. Carroll and Campbell (1989).The working
environment provides designers with one-step next-generation data using the results. Design and
techniques for combining humans and computers to achieve effective operation are presented as
an engineering discipline (Long and Dowell, 1989).
Preece (1994) defines human-computer interaction (HCI) as "the discipline of the design,
evaluation and implementation of interactive computer systems for human use and the study of
the main events surrounding this discipline." ." (Preece, 1994). Since all of human-computer
science involves the combination of human and machine, it leads to the development of
knowledge between both machine and human. Dix (1998) states that HCI involves the design,
implementation, and evaluation of interactive content in the context of user activities and
transactions Human-computer interaction focuses mainly on the interaction between humans and
machines. Human-computer interaction differs from human factors (or ergonomics) in some ways
. Human-computer interaction focuses more on the user's perspective, especially when working
with computers. Human-computer interaction also focuses on the application of techniques in
software and hardware designed to support human-computer interaction.
When creating equipment, knowledge of the process of user interaction with the computer
should be taken into account as a big problem, since most of the user's behavior is contrary to
the operation of such equipment. At the same time, such devices can also have negative effects
on users, such as how users react to the virtual world. But in most cases people want the usual
skills. Reeves and Nass (1996) showed that people
tend to computerize the same as other people. Explain that from the perspective of human
communication, the combination of sound and light plays an important role in understanding
communication.
Human-computer interaction can be viewed as two powerful media processors (human and
computer) attempting to communicate with each other via narrow-band, multi-intersection.
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is defined by (ACM SIGCHI, 1996) as "the discipline of the
design, evaluation, and use of computer systems for human use and their primary study" and the
events surrounding them. By definition, HCI is considered the intersection of different disciplines
such as computer science, behavioral science, and others.
Therefore, there is confusion about what HCI is.
4 Structure Human Computer Interaction
As the name suggests, Human Computer Interaction has three main elements in its framework:
Person use, Computer and Communication, indicating what they are.
A way to achieve your goals together. Figure 2 shows three important aspects of human-
computer interaction.
Figure 2: Three aspects of HCI
3.5 User
User analysis is an important part of user-centered system design. The public or users of human-computer
interaction can be considered users of the system. They may vary depending on the purpose and functions of
the system. The user's unique
characteristics depend on the above tasks and
goals, as well as their experience. Danino (2001) states that an HCI user is anyone who uses technology to
achieve something.
3.6 Computer
Danino (2001) states that in HCI, computer refers to all technologies from desktop computers to general-
purpose computers; Even drawing machines
or data processing engines can make computer decisions". Thanks to this incredible technological advancement,
the way you interact with your computer is not limited to traditional graphics. However, the purpose of human-
computer interaction is the interaction between human and machine. Every device has some type of user
interface for use.
It usually has a lot of impact.
3.7 Collaboration
The main subject of human-computer interaction
is the interaction between human and machine. Most of the time, people interact with other people by talking.
At the same time
they use some body movements, thoughts and some expressions to support their words. Things that the user
does not know about his computer should be followed carefully, because people feel the same way about
computers as they do about computers. real world (Reeves and Nass, 1996).
4. Research on the interaction between people and technology
4.1 Research on learning support tools
Input efficiency plays an important role in learning support tools. Often, learning support devices are used to
transcribe or access lecture notes. Communication standards refer to different methods of communication
between humans and computers. Different systems use different methods. However, there are some common
interactions that are studied on their own.
4.2 Command Line Language
This is a form of interaction between humans and computers. Here the computer accepts some useful
commands typed. Most users can only enter one
command at a time, so the data reading speed is very slow.
Procedures specifically request or complement the next
input provided by the user and provide some feedback.
It has some good results, but
interaction is just a conversation, especially humans
are more lively and have more work experience than computers. Table 1 lists the advantages and disadvantages
of speak in relation to learning support tools
Table 1: Advantages and disadvantages of speak cons
Pros and Cons Pros
cheap time consuming
Error handling
flexibility
.
4.3 Menu
As the name suggests, the menu interface takes its name entirely from the list of
dishes or foods that can be selected in the restaurant or corner restaurant. Similarly,
menu interfaces present users with a static menu of options on the screen.
A set of options displayed on the screen, where selection and application of one or
more options results in a change in the state of the interface (Preece, 1994). There
are four categories
menus:
● Drop-down menu
● Drop-down menu
● Hierarchical menu
● Contextual menu
Two important advantages and disadvantages of menus Table 2. < br>Table 2: Pros and cons of
maps
Pros and cons
Two important pros and one cons of menus in Table 2.
Table 2: Pros and Cons of Menus
Pros Cons
No need to recall Limited
Logical Group limited
Due to the nature of the work, written form, Question -Answer and
function keys are not suitable for earned training support tools. These three interactions focus
entirely on the previous process. However, now there is a need for a
dynamic input stream that receives the input data in a real-time environment.
4.7 Natural Language
Natural Language Processing (NLP) focuses on
Human Language like language. It is a field of computer science that deals with human-computer
interaction.
Pros Cons
User sensitive Limited
Flexible Limited
5.1 Parallel Input
A device accepts multiple inputs simultaneously; All input is filtered. Finally
the different input data are collected and combined with a single connection,
where noise is eliminated. The tool
asks for feedback from the user before saving the file. Figure 3 shows the
various stages of compound collection.
Figure 3: Stage: Accepting Questions
5.2 Voice Recording
Sound is a way of interacting with the environment. But normal speech is
difficult to type or use. Although it is easy to write an uninterrupted speech
with very few errors from the in-car interface
, many arguments are present in the content of the speech as ideas.
Research on ways to collect feedback and integrate it across multiple
interfaces is particularly important. In this case, it is easy to get audio
feedback using the microphone, but you will have problems in noisy
environments. In this case, it is very important to integrate parallel input
mechanism to avoid loss of information or lesson ideas.
.
5.3 Handwriting
This is also a way of interacting, even better than voice input. Users
can avoid unnecessary conversations using the handwritten
interface
.
Interfaces with text recognition can jointly reduce the use of other
devices such as
mouse and keyboard, thus reducing typing time. It is useful for
solving or writing math, or we have seen some notable reviews in
Human Computer Interaction (HCI). Shniderman (1986) noted that
researchers have found that revision of human-computer
interaction can make a difference in terms of learning time, quality
of performance, speed, error rate, and user satisfaction.
6. REVIEW
We found some significant review factors in
Humancomputer Interaction(HCI).
Shniderman (1986) stated that the
researchers have found that re-design of the
human computer interface can create a
considerable difference in learning time,
performance, speed, error rates and user
satisfaction.
7. CONCLUSIONS
In the above research, human computer interaction
literature is reviewed as well as technological matters
like interaction stylesare studied and pros and cons
are dogged. And we searched for better interaction
styles among the existing ones. At the same time we
found dome best "fit" in between a human and a
computer in terms of interaction.
While designing moral, effective and user-friendly
interfaces, several disputes have to be considered.
This research suggests a theoretical support in the
area of human computer interfacing. In this paper we
have deliberated the promising use of Human
Computer Interaction to attain top levels of
interaction between user and devices.
We conclude that to design a worthy human computer
interaction, we have to appropriately elect the
suitable style of interaction, kind of interface to
adequate with the group of users it is intended
whereas the human issues must be taken into
account. Therefore we recommend some important
modes of interaction such as parallel input, voice
recognition, interoperability among devices and
handwriting recognition. We recommend related
humancomputer interaction design..
Clearly, we now analyzed all existing techniques in
humancomputer interaction, in order to increase the
efficiency of devices. However, the implementation of
suggested interaction styles and models offer a sound
basis for the future research.
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