‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎت ﺣﻤﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺴﺒﺎﺣﺔ واﻟﻨﻮاﻓﻴﺮ واﻟﺸﻼﻻت‬

‫ﻧﻘﻮم اوﻻ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻰ ﺳﻮف ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ وهﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺤﺠﻢ ‪Volume‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ ‪Perimeter‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪.Water body loading category‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺤﺴﺎب )‪ (Turn over time‬وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺪول‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫¾ ‪Code_of_Practice_Aquatic_Facilities , march 2006 p25‐table 4‬‬
‫واﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺠﺪول اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام وﻳﻌﻄﻰ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺗﻮﺿﺢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‪.‬‬
‫آﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻳﻀًﺎ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻰ‬
‫¾ ‪ASPE data Book , Volume 3,p110‬‬
‫¾ ‪Swimming Pools 4ed ‐ Philip H Perkins, section 8.2.1,p165‬‬
‫¾ ‪PRACTICAL PLUMBING DESIGN GUIDE P 4‐109,110‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺤﺴﺎب ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺪوﻳﺮ‪ Total recirculation rate‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻘﺴﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪. turn over time‬‬ ‫‪-3‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ان ﻳﻜﻮن هﻨﺎك ﻣﻀﺨﺎت ﺑﺪﻳﻠﺔ )‪( Standby pumps‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﺪدهﺎ ﻋﻦ ‪ %25‬ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ )‪.(Duty pumps‬‬ ‫‪-4‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻠﻤﺒﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻘﺴﻤﺔ ‪ Total recirculation rate‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ )‪.(Duty pumps‬‬ ‫‪-5‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﻔﻼﺗﺮ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺎن ﻋﺪد اﻟﻔﻼﺗﺮ هﻮ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ )‪ (Duty pumps‬وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻰ‬ ‫‪-6‬‬
‫¾ ‪ASPE data Book , Volume 3,p112&113‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ان ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ ﻟﻞ ‪ Cartridge filter‬ﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ‪.( 0.92 m³/ hr/ m² )0.375gpm/ft²‬‬
‫وﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ ﻟﻞ ‪ High rate pressure sand filter‬ﻣﻦ ‪( 29.32 m³/ hr/ m²) 12gpm/ft²‬اﻟﻰ‪.(36.65 m³/ hr/ m²) 15gpm/ft²‬‬
‫أﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ‪ Gravity or low velocity sand filters‬ﻓﻬﻰ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻤﻌﺪل ‪ (4.88:7.3 m³/ hr/ m²) 2:3gpm/ft²‬راﺟﻊ ‪. ASPE data Book , Volume 3, P132‬‬
‫وﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ )‪ Diatomaceous earth filter (pressure or vacuum‬ﻓﺈن ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ‪ 1 gpm/ft²‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ل‪ ASPE data Book , Volume 3,P 139‬وﻳﻜﻮن ﺑﺤﺪ أﻗﺼﻰ‪2.5gpm/ft²‬‬
‫)‪ (6.1 m³/m²/hr‬راﺟﻊ ‪ASPE data Book , Volume 3, P134‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة اذا زاد ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺪوﻳﺮ ﻋﻦ ‪ 120gpm‬ﻳﺠﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻋﺪد ‪ 2‬ﻓﻠﺘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻗﻞ‪.‬‬
‫وﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻔﻠﺘﺮة اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ‪ Total filtration area‬ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺪوﻳﺮ ‪ Total recirculation rate‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 0.375‬ﻟﻞ ‪ Cartridge filter‬و ‪ 12‬او‪ 15‬ﻟﻞ‬
‫‪ High pressure sand filter‬و‪2‬أو‪ 3‬ﻟﻞ‪ Gravity or low velocity sand filter‬و‪ 2.5‬ﻟﻞ)‪ Diatomaceous earth filter (pressure or vacuum‬وﺑﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻔﻠﺘﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪد‬
‫اﻟﻔﻼﺗﺮ ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻔﻠﺘﺮة ﻟﻠﻔﻠﺘﺮ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫¾ ‪Swimming Pools 4ed ‐ Philip H Perkins, section 8.2.1, p175&176‬‬
‫ﻳﻼﺣﻆ هﻨﺎ ان اﻟﻜﻮد اوﺻﻰ ﺑﺎن ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺮآﻴﺐ ال ‪ High rate pressure sand filter‬ﻓﻰ اﻟﻨﻮادى واﻟﻔﻨﺎدق واﻟﺤﻤﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ وﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﻣﻦ‪12.3gpm/ft²‬‬
‫)‪(30 m³/ hr/ m²‬ال‪ ( 50 m³/ hr/ m²) 20.5gpm/ft²‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ال ‪ Medium rate pressure sand filter‬ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ واﻟﻤﺪارس‬

‫‪1|Page‬‬
 ‫وﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﻣﻦ ‪(20 m³/ hr/ m²) 8.2gpm/ft²‬اﻟﻰ‪.( 30 m³/ hr/ m²) 12.3gpm/ft²‬‬

‫¾ ‪PRACTICAL PLUMBING DESIGN GUIDE P 4‐113,114‬‬

‫ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ان هﺬا اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ ﻳﺬآﺮ ان ‪ High rate pressure sand filter‬ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻤﻌﺪل ‪ (36.65 m³/ hr/ m²) 15gpm/ft²‬و‪ Rapid sand filter‬وهﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﺎﺛﻞ ال‬
‫‪ low velocity sand filters‬ﻓﻰ آﻮد ال‪ ASPE‬وﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻤﻌﺪل ‪ (7.3 m³/ hr/ m²) 3gpm/ft²‬و‪ Vacuum diatomite filter‬وﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻤﻌﺪل ‪.(4.88 m³/ hr/ m²) 2gpm/ft²‬‬

‫‪ -7‬ﻧﻘﻮم اﻻن ﺑﺤﺴﺎب ﺣﺠﻢ ال ‪ Compensation tank‬آﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺤﺴﺎب آﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﺴﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﻜﺴﻰ ‪ Back wash‬وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ب‬
‫¾ ‪ASPE data Book , Volume 3, P113‬‬
‫¾ واﻟﺬى ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ان اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻻﻗﺼﻰ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻐﺴﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﻜﺴﻰ ‪ 5‬دﻗﺎﺋﻖ اﻻ اﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ آﻤﻴﺔ آﺒﻴﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺗﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ ‪ ( 48.87 m³/ hr/ m²) 20gpm/ft²‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻠﺘﺮة وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ High‐rate pressure sand filters‬وﻳﺬآﺮ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻜﻮد أن ﻣﺪة اﻟﻐﺴﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﻜﺴﻰ ‪ 2.5‬دﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ‪. ASPE data Book , Volume 3,P 139‬‬
‫أﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ‪ Gravity or low velocity sand filters‬ﻓﺎن اﻟﻤﻌﺪل ﺧﻼل اﻟﻐﺴﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﻜﺴﻰ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪ (29.32 m³/ hr/ m²) 12gpm/ft²‬اﻟﻰ‪ (36.65 m³/ hr/ m²) 15gpm/ft²‬وﻟﻤﺪة ‪ 2.5‬دﻗﻴﻘﺔ وهﻮ ﻣﺎهﻮ واﺿﺢ ﻓﻰ‪ ASPE data Book , Volume 3, P132‬و‬
‫‪ASPE data Book , Volume 3,P 139‬‬
‫أﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ )‪ Diatomaceous earth filter (pressure or vacuum‬ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ‪ ASPE data Book , Volume 3, P134 (6.1 m³/ hr/ m²) 2.5gpm/ft²‬هﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻐﺴﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﻜﺴﻰ ﻟﻤﺪة ‪ 3‬دﻗﺎﺋﻖ)آﻤﺎ هﻮ وارد ﻓﻰ‪ ( ASPE data Book , Volume 3,P 139‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ان اﻟﻨﻮع ال ‪ vacuum‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻟﻪ ‪ backwash‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻔﻪ ﻳﺪوﻳ ًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻳﻀ ًﺎ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ب‬
‫¾ ‪Swimming Pools 4ed ‐ Philip H Perkins, section 8.2.1, p176‬‬
‫واﻟﺬى ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ان اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻐﺴﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﻜﺴﻰ ‪ 8‬دﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﺑﻤﻌﺪل ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ‪.( 25 m³/ hr/ m²) 10.23gpm/ft²‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺤﺴﺎب آﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ازاﺣﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮ اﻟﺤﻤﺎم ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ وﻧﺒﺪأ اوﻻ ﺑﺤﺴﺎب ﻋﺪد اﻻﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻮن اﻟﺤﻤﺎم وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ب‬
‫¾ ‪Code_of_Practice_Aquatic_Facilities , march 2006 p51‐table 10‬‬
‫او‬
‫¾ ‪Swimming Pools 4ed ‐ Philip H Perkins, section 1.3.3&8.24, p18&p168‬‬
‫أو‬
‫¾ ‪ASPE data Book , Volume 3, P143‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﺪد اﻻﺷﺨﺎص ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺤﺴﺎب آﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺿﺮب ﻋﺪد اﻻﺷﺨﺎص ﻓﻰ اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺨﺺ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ واﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺎﻳﻠﻰ‪:‬‬
‫¾ ‪ASPE data Book , Volume 3, P143‬‬
‫¾‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺤﺴﺎب آﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﺨﺮ وذﻟﻚ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ وﻳﺘﻢ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ آﻮد ‪: ASHRAE‬‬
‫¾ ‪ASHRAE2007,HVAC APPLICATIONS,CHAPTER 4, P4.6‬‬

‫‪wp = 4 × 10^(-5)A( pw – pa) Fa:‬‬

‫‪where‬‬
‫‪wp = evaporation of water, kg/s‬‬
‫‪A = area of pool surface, m2‬‬

‫‪2|Page‬‬
‫‪pw = saturation vapor pressure taken at surface water temperature, kPa‬‬
‫‪pa = saturation pressure at room air dew point, kPa‬‬
‫‪Fa =typical activation factor‬‬
‫و ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻢ ‪ pw‬ﻣﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫¾ ‪ ASHRAE 2005 HANDBOOK,FUNDAMENTALS(SI) ,CH06,P06,TABLE 3‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪول )‪(1‬‬
‫وﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻢ ‪ pa‬ﻣﻦ‪:‬‬
‫‪ PSYCROMETRIC CHART‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪ Relative humidity‬و ‪ Surface water temperature‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪول )‪.(1‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ اﻧﻪ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﺒﺨﺮ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺿﺮب ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ‪ wp‬ﻓﻰ )‪ ( 60*60*24‬ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ آﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ وﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﻧﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ آﺜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ)‪. (1000‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﻌًﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺧﺰان اﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ان ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ‪ PRACTICAL PLUMBING DESIGN GUIDE P 4‐110‬ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﺄن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺣﺠﻢ ﺧﺰان اﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪ 0.5:1 gallon/ft²‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺣﻤﺎم اﻟﺴﺒﺎﺣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -8‬ﻧﻘﻮم اﻻن ﺑﺤﺴﺎب راﻓﻊ ‪ Head‬ﻃﻠﻤﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﺪوﻳﺮ ال‬

‫‪= HSTATIC‬اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻄﻠﻤﺒﺔ وﻣﺪاﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎم‪.‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫‪ = HRESIDEULE‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ان ﺗﻘﺪر ب ‪ 0.3‬ﺑﺎر )‪ 3‬ﻣﺘﺮ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫‪. HMAJORS+HMINORS (FRICTION) = HLOSSES‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫‪ = HMAJORS‬وهﻰ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻼﺗﺮ وهﻰ ﺗﻘﺪر ب ‪ 25psi‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻼﺗﺮ اﻟﺮﻣﻠﻴﺔ ‪ ASPE data Book, Volume 3,P 139‬أو ‪ 20psi‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫‪.4‬‬

‫‪. PRACTICAL PLUMBING DESIGN GUIDE P 4‐130‬‬

‫‪ =HMINORS (FRICTION) .5‬وهﻰ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ واﻟﻘﻄﻊ واﻟﻜﺘﺎﻟﻮج اﻻﺗﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻘﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك ﻟﻤﺎدﺗﻰ ‪George Fischer catalogue PVC&CPVC‬‬
‫‪ -9‬ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻟﻞ ‪ over flow‬اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻤﺎم ﻳﻮﺻﻰ آﻮد ‪ ASPE data Book, Volume 3,P 142‬و‪ ASPE data Book , Volume 3,p110‬ﺑﺎن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ آﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ ﺻﺮف ‪ 4.6‬ﻣﺘﺮ آﺤﺪ‬
‫اﻗﺼﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻨﻮع ال‪ Gutter‬وﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ ﻳﺮاﻋﻰ ان ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺪل آﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ هﻮ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻠﺘﺮة ‪ turnover rate‬وﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪(0.6m/s:3m/s) 2ft/s:10ft/s‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻳﻘﻞ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﻤﺎﺳﻮرة ﻋﻦ "‪ 2‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﻤﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺴﺒﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ اﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ال‪ Skimmer‬ﻓﺎن اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﻳﺨﺪم ﻣﻦ ‪ ( 37.2m²:46.5m²) 400 ft²:500ft²‬وﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻌﺪل ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﻣﻦ ‪ 80%:100%‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻠﺘﺮة ‪ turnover rate‬أو ‪ (1.9l/s) 30 gpm‬أو )‪ (9.3 l/s/m) 3.75gpm/in‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺸﻼل ‪ (weir length‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻳﺬآﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ‪ PRACTICAL PLUMBING DESIGN GUIDE P 4‐110‬ان ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻌﺪل ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﻣﻦ ‪ 50%:100%‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻠﺘﺮة ‪. turnover rate‬‬
‫‪ -10‬ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻟﻞ ‪ inlets‬اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻤﺎم ﻳﻮﺻﻰ آﻮد ‪ ASPE data Book, Volume 3,P 143‬ﺑﺎن اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﻳﺨﺪم )‪ 10000 GPM(37850 L‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ان ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻤﺪاﺧﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ هﻨﺪﺳﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ان ﻳﺮاﻋﻰ اﻻ ﻳﺒﻌﺪ اﻗﺮب ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻮرﻧﺮ ﻋﻦ )‪ 20ft(6 m‬و)‪ 5ft(1.5 m‬وﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﻳﺮاﻋﻰ ان ﺗﻜﻮن ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ اﻟﻘﺼﻮى )‪ 5 fps(1.5m/s‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻳﻮﺻﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ‪ PRACTICAL PLUMBING DESIGN GUIDE P 4‐110‬ﺑﺎن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻘﺼﻮى ﺑﻴﻦ اى ﻣﺪﺧﻠﻴﻦ )‪ 20ft(6m‬ﻋﻠﻰ ان ﻳﺮاﻋﻰ اﻻ ﻳﺒﻌﺪ اﻗﺮب ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻮرﻧﺮ ﻋﻦ )‪.5ft(1.5 m‬‬
‫‪ -11‬ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻟﻞ ‪ main drain‬اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻤﺎم ﻳﻮﺻﻰ آﻮد ‪ ASPE data Book, Volume 3,P 143‬ﺑﺎن ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام وﺣﺪﺗﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺘﻴﻦ وان ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻟﻘﻄﺮ اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻌﺪل‬
‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ‪ 100%‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻠﺘﺮة ‪ turnover rate‬وان ﻳﺮاﻋﻰ ان ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻘﺼﻮى ﻋﻦ اﻗﺮب ﺣﺎﺋﻂ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺠﺎوز )‪ 15ft(4.6 m‬وأن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻘﺼﻮى ﺑﻴﻦ وﺣﺪﺗﻰ اﻟﺼﺮف‬
‫)‪ 30ft(9.2 m‬وان ﺗﻜﻮن اﻗﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ وﺣﺪﺗﻰ اﻟﺼﺮف )‪ ASPE data Book , Volume 3,p110 4ft(1.2 m‬وﻧﻔﺲ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﺬآﻮرة ﻓﻰ‬
‫‪PRACTICAL PLUMBING DESIGN GUIDE P 4‐110‬‬
‫‪ -12‬ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻟﻞ‪ vacuum‬اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻤﺎم ﻳﻮﺻﻰ آﻮد ‪ ASPE data Book, Volume 3,P 144‬و‪ PRACTICAL PLUMBING DESIGN GUIDE P 4‐111‬ﺑﺎن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ آﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ‬
‫)‪ 50ft(15 m‬وﺑﻘﻄﺮ "‪ 2‬وذﻟﻚ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪. Gutter overflow‬آﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ان اﻟﻜﻮد ﻳﺬآﺮ ان ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺎء ﻟﻞ ‪ Supply‬و ال‪ Return‬ﻣﻦ ) ‪ 5:6 fps(1.5:1.8m/s‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻳﺬآﺮ‬
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 ‫ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺎت اﻟﻘﺼﻮى اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻨﻮاﻓﻴﺮ‪ ASPE data Book, Volume 3,P 117‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻳﺬآﺮ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ‪ PRACTICAL PLUMBING DESIGN GUIDE P 4‐126‬ﺳﺮﻋﺎت‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -13‬ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻟﻞ ‪ heater‬اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻤﺎم ﻳﻮﺻﻰ آﻮد ‪ ASHRAE2007,HVAC APPLICATIONS,CHAPTER 49, P22,23‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻴﻦ رﻗﻢ ‪ 21,22‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ان اﻟﻜﻮد ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﺎن‬
‫ﺗﺆﺧﺬ )‪ 27°C(80°F‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ‪ PRACTICAL PLUMBING DESIGN GUIDE P 4‐111‬ﺑﺎن ﺗﻜﻮن درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة )‪. 24.5:25.5°C(76:78°F‬‬
‫‪ -14‬ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻟﻠﻄﻠﻤﺒﺔ اﻟﻐﺎﻃﺴﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎل‪ Pump room‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب آﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﻤﺮاد رﻓﻌﻬﺎ آﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬آﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﺴﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﻜﺴﻰ واﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ آﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘ ًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬آﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ اى ﺗﺴﺮﻳﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻩ ﺑﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺮاآﻢ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﺎرﺗﻔﺎع ‪ 10 cm‬داﺧﻞ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻄﻠﻤﺒﺎت ‪.‬‬
‫وﺑﻔﺮض ﻗﻴﺎم اﻟﻄﻠﻤﺒﺔ ﺑﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺧﻼل ‪ 10‬دﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ آﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ زﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻓﻊ)‪ 10‬دﻗﺎﺋﻖ( ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺪل ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻄﻠﻤﺒﺔ اﻟﻐﺎﻃﺴﺔ‬
‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب راﻓﻊ اﻟﻄﻠﻤﺒﺔ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻢ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺣﺴﺎب راﻓﻊ ﻃﻠﻤﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﺪوﻳﺮ‬
‫‪ -15‬ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻟﻠﻄﻠﻤﺒﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻮاﻓﻴﺮ‪ JET PUMP‬ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺮﺟﻮع اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮة ﻟﺪى اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﻓﻮرة واﻟﺬى ﻳﺤﺪد ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ واﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺨﺮج اﻟﻨﺎﻓﻮرة ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﺣﺴﺎب آﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ ال‪nozzles‬اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﻓﻮرة وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ t(sec)=d(m) /v(m/sec‬وﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎر ‪ v=1m/sec‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ d‬هﻮ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﻓﻮرة‬
‫ﺑﻀﺮب اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻌﺪل ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ آﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﻓﻮرة ﻟﻴﺘﻢ اﺿﺎﻓﺔ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺧﺰان اﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -16‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد ﺷﻼل ‪ weir‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة اﻻﺗﻰ‪:‬‬
‫¾ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب آﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻼل وذﻟﻚ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺿﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻰ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺧﺰان اﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ وﻳﻜﻮن ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻤﻚ اﻟﺸﻼل وﻋﺮﺿﻪ وارﺗﻔﺎﻋﻪ‬
‫وﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪ PRACTICAL PLUMBING DESIGN GUIDE P 4‐122‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺪل ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ)‪ (gpm/ft‬ﺑﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺳﻤﻚ اﻟﺸﻼل وﺑﻀﺮب اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻋﺮض اﻟﺸﻼل ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺪل ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺸﻼل )‪ (gpm‬وﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‪ t(sec)=d(m) /v(m/sec):‬وﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎر ‪ v=1m/sec‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ d‬هﻮ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺸﻼل ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺸﻼل‬
‫وﺑﻀﺮب ﻣﻌﺪل ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺸﻼل ﻓﻰ زﻣﻦ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺸﻼل ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ آﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻼل ‪.‬‬
‫¾ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ان دﺧﻮل اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺸﻼل ﻳﺠﺐ ان ﻳﻜﻮن ﺑﺒﻂء ﺷﺪﻳﺪ وﺑﺘﻮزﻳﻊ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻀﻤﺎن اﻧﺴﻴﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺸﻼل وﻳﻜﻮن ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺎﺳﻮرة ﻣﺜﻘﺒﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫)‪ 2fps(0.6m/s‬وﺑﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺪل ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺸﻼل ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺜﻘﻮب ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ‪ Q=A*V‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺜﻘﻮب ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬

‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﺮض ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﻘﺐ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ‪ 8mm‬وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺜﻘﻮب ﻓﻰ ﺻﻮرة ﺣﻠﻘﺎت وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﺮض ﻋﺪد اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت ‪ 10 rings‬وﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪد‬ ‫‪No.of holes=Atot/Aone hole‬‬
‫اﻟﺜﻘﻮب ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪10‬واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ آﻞ ﺣﻠﻘﺘﻴﻦ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻤﺎﺳﻮرة وﺑﻔﺮض ان رﺑﻊ اﻟﻤﺎﺳﻮرة اﻟﻌﻠﻮى ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺛﻘﻮب ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ آﻞ ﺛﻘﺒﻴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬

‫)‪ 0.75Πd/2=No.holes*(d+D‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ D‬اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺜﻘﻮب و‪ d‬هﻰ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة‪.‬‬

‫¾ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻟﻠﻄﻠﻤﺒﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻼل‪ Display pump‬ﻳﺮاﻋﻰ ان ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ هﻮ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺬى ﺗﻢ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ آﻤﺎ ﻳﺮاﻋﻰ اﺛﻨﺎء ﺣﺴﺎب ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻄﻠﻤﺒﺔ ان ال ‪ Hresidule‬ﻳﻜﻮن‬
‫‪. ASPE data Book, Volume 3,P 115 10ft‬‬

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