Docker Cheat Sheet for DevOps Engineers
Docker Basics
Docker is an open-source platform that automates the deployment of applications inside
lightweight containers, ensuring consistency across multiple development and release
cycles.
Docker Commands
Docker Installation
# Install Docker on Ubuntu
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
Basic Commands
# Check Docker version
docker --version
# Pull an image from Docker Hub
docker pull <image_name>
# List all Docker images
docker images
# Run a container from an image
docker run -it <image_name> /bin/bash
# List running containers
docker ps
# List all containers (including stopped ones)
docker ps -a
# Stop a running container
docker stop <container_id>
# Remove a container
docker rm <container_id>
# Remove an image
docker rmi <image_name>
Real-Life Example
# Pull and run a simple web server
docker pull nginx
docker run -d -p 8080:80 nginx
Access the Nginx web server on your browser at http://localhost:8080.
Docker Compose
Docker Compose is a tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications.
Compose File Example
version: '3'
services:
web:
image: nginx
ports:
- "8080:80"
db:
image: postgres
environment:
POSTGRES_PASSWORD: example
Docker Compose Commands
# Start services defined in the Compose file
docker-compose up
# Start services in detached mode
docker-compose up -d
# Stop services
docker-compose down
# View service logs
docker-compose logs
Real-Life Example
Create a docker-compose.yml file with the content above, then run:
docker-compose up
This will start both an Nginx web server and a PostgreSQL database.
Docker Networking
Docker networking allows containers to communicate with each other, either on the same
host or across different hosts.
Basic Networking Commands
# List networks
docker network ls
# Create a network
docker network create <network_name>
# Connect a container to a network
docker network connect <network_name> <container_name>
# Disconnect a container from a network
docker network disconnect <network_name> <container_name>
Real-Life Example
# Create a network
docker network create my_network
# Run two containers in the same network
docker run -d --name web --network my_network nginx
docker run -d --name db --network my_network postgres
# Connect to the web container and ping the db container
docker exec -it web /bin/bash
ping db
Docker Images
A Docker image is a read-only template with instructions for creating a Docker container.
Managing Images
# Build an image from a Dockerfile
docker build -t <image_name> .
# Tag an image
docker tag <image_id> <repository>/<image_name>:<tag>
# Push an image to a repository
docker push <repository>/<image_name>:<tag>
# Remove an image
docker rmi <image_name>
Real-Life Example
Create a Dockerfile with the following content:
FROM ubuntu:latest
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y nginx
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
Build and run the image:
docker build -t my_nginx_image .
docker run -d -p 8080:80 my_nginx_image
Docker Containers
A Docker container is a runnable instance of an image. You can create, start, stop, move,
or delete a container using Docker commands.
Basic Container Commands
# Run a container
docker run -d --name <container_name> <image_name>
# Start a stopped container
docker start <container_id>
# Stop a running container
docker stop <container_id>
# Restart a container
docker restart <container_id>
# View container logs
docker logs <container_id>
# Execute a command in a running container
docker exec -it <container_id> <command>
Real-Life Example
# Run a detached Nginx container
docker run -d --name my_nginx -p 8080:80 nginx
# View logs of the Nginx container
docker logs my_nginx
# Execute a bash shell inside the Nginx container
docker exec -it my_nginx /bin/bash
Conclusion
Docker simplifies the deployment process by encapsulating applications in containers,
providing consistency across different environments. By leveraging Docker Compose, you
can easily manage multi-container applications. Docker networking ensures seamless
communication between containers, while Docker images and containers allow for
efficient application management and scaling.
With this cheat sheet, you should have a foundational understanding of Docker and its
core components, enabling you to streamline your DevOps workflows effectively.
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