Introduction to
Programming
Using C#
Lab 3
By:
Eng.Omar Islam
Lab Objectives
• Train to analyze a problem, identify the
required inputs and outputs, and define the
steps to transform inputs into outputs.
• Provide hands-on practice in basic arithmetic
operations (addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division)
Problem Analysis and
Program Design
• Step 1: Identify the Inputs
– Determine what data needs to be provided by the user or pre-defined.
• Step 2: Identify the Outputs
– Determine what results or information the program should produce.
• Step 3: Determine Processing Steps
– Define the series of operations or calculations that the program must
perform to generate the output from the input.
Algorithm & Flowchart
Definitions:
• 1- Algorithm: An algorithm is a detailed, step-
by-step set of instructions to solve a specific
problem.
• 2- Flowchart: A flowchart is a diagram that
represents the flow of the algorithm visually
Example
- Seek out the Algorithm ,Flowchart and the code
for adding two numbers.
Algorithm
• Start
• Get the first number (Input)
• Get the second number (Input)
• Add the two numbers (Process)
• Display the sum (Output)
• End
Flowchart
Code
Expression
• Definition: is a piece of code that resolves to a
value.
• Example: adding two values to compute a third
one.
Operators and Operands
• Operators: An operator takes one or more input operands to output
a new expression
• Operands: object that is being worked on by an operation.
• Output: the new computed value!
Assign operator
• Basic assignment operator (=) is used to assign
values to variables. For example:
Arithmetic Operators
Increment & Decrement
Example
Let a = 3, b = 6 and c = 0, determine the value of
a, b and c after performing the following
operations (note that the questions are not
cumulative).
1. c = (a++) + (b--) + a + b
2. c = (a++) + (++b) + a + b
3. c = (a++) + (--b) + a + b
Ans
• a=3 b=6 c=0
• 1- c = (a++) + (b--) + a + b:
(a++): a will be incremented by one and the old value is used
(b--): b will be decremented by one and the old value is used
Solution:
c = 3 + 6 + 4 + 5 = 18
a=4
b=5
c = 18
Ans Cont.
• a=3 b=6 c=0
• c = (a++) + (++b) + a + b
(a++): a will be incremented by one and the old value will be used
(++b): b will be incremented by one and the new value will be used
Solution:
c = 3 + 7 + 4 + 7 = 21
a=4
b=7
c = 21
Ans Con.
• a=3 b=6 c=0
• c = (a++) + (--b) + a + b
• (a++): a will be incremented by one and the old value will be used
• (--b): b will be decremented by one and the new value will be used
Solution:
c = 3 + 5 + 4 + 5 = 17
a=4
b=5
c = 17
Practice 1
• Create a program that reads two numbers and
subtracts the second number from the first.
• Input: Two numbers (integers or floats).
Output: The difference between the two
numbers.
Ans
Practice 2
• Create a program that reads two numbers from
the user and multiplies them.
• Input: Two numbers (integers or floats).
Output: The product of the two numbers.
Ans
Practice 3
• Create a program that reads two numbers and
divides the first by the second. Assume that the
second number is non-zero.
• Input: Two numbers (integers or floats).
Output: The quotient of the two numbers.
Ans
Practice 4
• Create a simple calculator that allows the user
to perform all four arithmetic operations
(addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
division) on two numbers, Each operation
should be a separate section in the program.
• Input: Two numbers.
Output: The result of each arithmetic
operation (sum, difference, product, quotient).
Ans
Relational Operators
• Called: Comparison Operators,
• we use them to compare between two items, they
return one of two values true/false.
What if
• We want to check if 5 > 10 and 5 > 20
• in the same statement?
• We need a way to connect two expressions
together.
• Logical operators to the rescue!
Logical Operators
• Logical operators are used in such cases where
we have to combine the evaluation of the
expressions.
• Logical operators operates on boolean
expressions (true and false) and returns
boolean values.
Logical Operators Cont.
&&
This is known as the “logical AND” operator. It is used to
check whether the condition on both sides of the operator is
true.
||
This is known as the “Logical OR” operator. It checks whether
either of the condition on both sides is true.
!
This is known as the “Logical NOT” operator. It just changes
the current boolean value to its opposite.
Example
Compound Assignment
Operator Precedence
Shifting
• Left Shift (<<) multiplies the number by 2^n (where n is the
number of positions shifted).
• 5<<2 = 20
• Right Shift (>>) divides the number by 2^n.
• 20>>2 = 5
Practice
• Suppose that a = 3, b = 4, c = 5, n = 0
• Show the order of evaluating the
following expression and determine the
value of n:
1. n = a-- + b * ++c
2. n = a++ + b / --c
3. n = a + b * --c > c/a
Suppose a = 3, b = 4, c = 5, n = 0
• Solution:
• n = ((a--) + (b * (++c)))
– Decrementing a
– Incrementing c
– Multiplication
– Addition
n = 27
Suppose a = 3, b = 4, c = 5, n = 0
• Solution:
• n = (a++) + (b / (--c))
– Incrementing a
– Decrementing c
– Dividing b and c
– Addition
• n=4
Suppose a = 3, b = 4, c = 5, n = 0
• Solution:
• n = (a + (b * (--c))) > (c/a)
– Decrementing c
– Multiplication of b * c
– Division c/a
– Addition
– Greater than
• n=1
Assignment 1
• Write and run a program that covert the
temperature reading in Fahrenheit into its
equivalent in Celsius using the formula:
C= 5/9 (F-32)
Assignment Answer
Assignment 1
• Create a program that calculates the area of a
rectangle given its length and width.
• Input: Length and width of the rectangle.
Output: Area of the rectangle.
Ans
Assignment 2
• Ask the user for a string representation of a
floating-point number and an integer, then
convert both and perform addition.
Ans.
Thank You
• int x = 5;
• int y = 2;
• int sum = x + y;
• Console.WriteLine("The SUmmation of {0} and {1} = {2}",x,y,result);
• int sub = x - y;
• Console.WriteLine(sub);
• //int x = 5;
• //int y = 2;
• //int sum = x + y;
• //Console.WriteLine("x + y = "+ sum);
• //int sub = x - y;
• //Console.WriteLine("x - y = "+sub);
• //int mul = x * y;
• //Console.WriteLine("x * y ="+ mul);
• //int div =x /y;
• //Console.WriteLine("x / y = "+ div);
• //int mod = x % y;
• //Console.WriteLine("x % y = "+ mod);
• //Console.WriteLine((++x)+y+x+y);
• //____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
•
• //int x = 10;
• //int y = 2;
• //bool z = false;
• //z = (x > y || x == y);
• //Console.WriteLine("x > y || x == y "+x);
• //z = (x >= y && x == y);
• //Console.WriteLine("x >= y && x == y "+ z);
• //z = (x < y || x != y);
• //Console.WriteLine("(x < y || x != y "+z);
• //z = !(x <= y);
• //Console.WriteLine("!(x <= y) "+ z);
