1. Write C Program to multiply two 16 bit numbers.

Refer Notes

2. Write C Program to perform 8 bit Addition & Subtraction.

Refer Notes

3. Write C Program to perform following 8 bit logical operations.

v) Left shift vi) Right shift

void main()

unsigned char a = 0x3A; // Example 8-bit value

unsigned char b = 0xC5; // Example 8-bit value

unsigned char r1,r2,r3,r4,r5,r6; // To store results of operations

r1 = a & b; // Perform AND operation

r2 = a | b; // Perform OR operation

r3 = a ^ b; // Perform XOR operation

r4= ~a; // Perform 1's Complement on 'a'

r5 = a << 1; // Left shift 'a' by 1 bit

r6 = a >> 1; // Right shift 'a' by 1 bit

while (1); // Infinite loop to hold the program

4. Write 'C' program to read data from port 1 and output it to port 2.
#include <reg51.h>

void main()

unsigned char data; // Variable to hold data read from Port 1

while (1)

data = P1; // Read data from Port 1

1
 P2 = data; // Output the data to Port 2

5. Write 'C' program to add two 8 bit numbers and output result on port 2.

#include <reg51.h>

void main()

unsigned char num1 = 0x25; // First 8-bit number (example value)

unsigned char num2 = 0x38; // Second 8-bit number (example value)

unsigned char result; // Variable to store the result

result = num1 + num2; // Add the two numbers

P2 = result; // Output the result to Port 2

while (1); // Infinite loop to hold the program

6. Write 'C' program to toggle all bits of P2 continuously every 50ms.Use timer 0
in mode 1 to create delay.

#include <reg51.h>

void delay_50ms(); // Function Declaration for 50ms delay

void main()

P2 = 0x00; // Initialize Port 2 to 0

while (1)

P2 = ~P2; // Toggle all bits of Port 2

delay_50ms(); // Call 50ms delay function

void delay_50ms()

{
2
 TMOD = 0x01; // Timer 0, Mode 1 (16-bit timer mode)

TH0 = 0x3C; // Load high byte for 50ms delay

//(calculated for 11.0592 MHz)

TL0 = 0xB0; // Load low byte for 50ms delay

TR0 = 1; // Start Timer 0

while (TF0 == 0); // Wait for Timer 0 overflow

TR0 = 0; // Stop Timer 0

TF0 = 0; // Clear Timer 0 overflow flag

7. Write 'C' Program to create square wave of frequency 1KHz on P2.7, use
timer 1 mode 1 to create delay.

Refer Notes program

8. Write 'C' Program to receiver bytes of data serially and put them in P1, set
baud rate of 4800, 8-bit data and 1 stop bit.

3
 #include <reg51.h>
void main()
{
unsigned char received_data; // Variable to hold received data
TMOD = 0x20; // Timer 1 in Mode 2 (auto-reload mode)
TH1 = 0xF3; // Load TH1 for 4800 baud rate (11.0592 MHz clock)
SCON = 0x50; // Serial mode 1 (8-bit UART), REN enabled
TR1 = 1; // Start Timer 1
while (1)
{
while (RI == 0); // Wait for reception to complete (RI flag set)
RI = 0; // Clear RI flag
P1 = SBUF; // Output the received data to Port 1
}
}
9. Write ‘C’ program for 89C51 to read data from port p1 and p2 . compare the
data and send bigger data on port p3.

#include <reg51.h>
void main()
{
unsigned char data1, data2; // Variables to store data from P1& P2
while (1)
{
data1 = P1; // Read data from Port 1
data2 = P2; // Read data from Port 2
if (data1 > data2)
{
P3 = data1; // Send the larger value (data1) to Port 3
}
else
{
P3 = data2; // Send the larger value (data2) to Port 3
}
}
}

10. Write ‘C’ program for 89C51 to read data from port P1 and P2.Compare the
data and send smaller data on port P3.

4
#include <reg51.h>

void main()

unsigned char data1, data2; // Variables to store data from P1& P2

while (1)
{
data1 = P1; // Read data from Port 1
data2 = P2; // Read data from Port 2
if (data1 < data2)
{
P3 = data1; // Send the larger value (data1) to Port 3
}
else
{
P3 = data2; // Send the larger value (data2) to Port 3
}
}
}