WorldCom Edu –Exploring Debate 2 – Answer Key

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Exploring Debate Book 2 정답

Unit 1 - School Uniforms

Warm-up (page 5)
[Possible uniforms and uniform pieces]
Mart Employee Fireman Ambulance Worker
company shirt oxygen mask and tank coveralls or scrubs
name tag fireproof jacket comfortable shoes
regular pants heavy boots mask
fireproof heavy gloves gloves
helmet

Comprehension Check (page 7)

1. How do school uniforms affect parents?
- It can be expensive to buy them.
- They may have to hear their children complaining about them.
- It can save parents money on buying their children a lot of fashionable clothes.

2. How can school uniforms eliminate the feeling of competition between students?
- No one is more or less fashionable than anyone else.
- No one has better or worse clothes.
- Everyone looks as though they are on the same team, working toward the same goal.

3. What do opponents of school uniforms believe?

- They believe that uniforms can suppress students’ individuality.
- They believe that students have the right to choose what to wear.
- They believe that uniforms are too expensive.
- They believe that school uniforms will not improve student behavior.

4. What can happen to a student who is not comfortable in their school uniform?
- They may not be confident and do poorly in class.
- They may be distracted from their work.
- They may perform poorly because they are unable to concentrate on anything but being

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uncomfortable.

5. Why are children often teased at school?

- They are often teased because their clothes make them look poor, unfashionable, or different.
- They are often teased because they look different.
- They are often teased because they don’t have much money and can’t afford nice clothes.

Vocabulary Check (page 7)

1. eliminate
2. conformed
3. teased
4. development
5. unique

Think About It (page 7)

<Possible advantages> (Uniforms could…)
- increase school spirit
- make students feel more equal
- cause students to be less distracted by fashion problems
- make dressing for school less expensive
- be comfortable and nice-looking
- prevent teasing and violence related to clothes

<Possible disadvantages> (Uniforms can…)

- be uncomfortable
- be expensive
- stop students from expressing themselves
- make students feel bad if their uniform is ugly
- not prevent teasing about shoes, hair, make up, etc.

Supporting Opinions (page 8)

1. a

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2. b
3. d
4. c

Refuting Opinions (page 8)

1. b
2. c
3. a
4. d

Opinion Examples (page 9)

Opinion A
I think that there should be no school uniforms. For one thing, buying uniforms is very expensive for
my parents. They must buy all of the outfits I need for school, and I still need clothes for when I am
not in school. Also, I don’t like my uniform. It is ugly and I feel uncomfortable wearing it. I would be
happier at school if I could wear the clothes that I like. My parents would be happy, too, because
they would save money.

Opinion B
I think that students should wear school uniforms. Firstly, it would be cheaper for parents. Without a
uniform, students would need many different outfits. They would also need new, cool outfits, which
are very expensive to buy. Secondly, students who do not dress cool would be teased and made to
feel isolated. It is too much pressure for students to worry about their clothes. Uniforms would make
students happier, and the parents would save money, too.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
Students are made to wear school uniforms by people who don’t really want students to
think for themselves. Students’ right to express themselves is important to establishing their identities.
People who support school uniforms don’t want students to be themselves or question the system
they live in.

For Opinion B
Saying that students have to express themselves through their clothes is just not true.

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Students should concentrate on expressing themselves through art, writing, and music. All of which
they can do in classes while they are wearing uniforms.

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Unit 2 – Cell Phones

Warm-up (page 11)

[Answers]
1. d 2. c 3. a 4. e 5. b

Comprehension Check (page 13)

1. Car accidents and other injuries have been attributed to people using cell phones while driving.
2. They were created in the 1970s.
3. It can lead to brain tumors and cancer.
4. There are more than 4 billion cell phones in use worldwide.
5. People can play games, use the internet, send and receive text messages, and take pictures.

Vocabulary Check (page 13)

1. billion
2. attributed
3. radiation
4. keep in touch
5. relatively

Think About It (page 13)

<Possible advantages> (Cell phones can…)
- help people keep in touch with friends and family members
- be useful and entertaining
- help people in emergencies
- also be used for directions
- dictionaries, calculators, clocks, and many other things
- be used to play video games when people are bored

<Possible disadvantages> (Cell phones may…)

- cause traffic accidents
- cause tumors and cancer

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- be a source of addiction
- be very expensive
- not be a good idea for children
- cause people to invade others’ privacy
- be annoying, noisy, interrupt things when they shouldn’t

Supporting Opinions (page 14)

1. d
2. a
3. b
4. c

Refuting Opinions (page 14)

1. c
2. d
3. a
4. b

Opinion Examples (page 15)

Opinion A
I love my cell phone! I can talk to all of my friends whenever I want. I can call my
parents if I am in trouble. I can call the police if there is an emergency. Also, all of my
friends have cell phones. It is great to be able to talk to them whenever I want. I feel
safe with my cell phone, and I can have fun, too. That’s why I think every child
should have a cell phone.

Opinion B
Children should not have cell phones. All of my classmates have one. They spend
more time talking with their friends than anything else. They are less productive in
school and spend less time playing sports. One day I was playing soccer with some
friends. I asked some classmates if they wanted to play, too. They said “No” because
they were too busy texting. They are addicted to their cell phones. It is not allowing
them to live a normal life. I do not want that to happen to me.

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3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
Cell phones are here to stay. The smart thing for people to do, is to show children how to use them
so that they don't cause accidents or get addicted to them. Anything used in the wrong way can be
dangerous. If cell phones are used in the right ways, they can be not just fun, but very helpful as well.

For Opinion B
Children are not allowed to drive cars or drink beer. There are certain things that we let children do
and certain things that we don't. I think that people should only be allowed to use cell phones when
they're old enough to understand what they are doing.

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Unit 3 – College

Warm-up (page 17)

<Jobs that require college degrees>
doctor
lawyer
judge
nurse
professor
teacher
dentist
scientist
journalist
engineer

<Jobs that may not require college degrees>

garbage man
janitor
athlete
movie star
professional musician
cashier
teller
carpenter
builder
painter

Comprehension Check (page 19)

1. Why do people pay to get a college education?
They pay for college educations because it will make them more qualified to get higher paying jobs
later on.

2. How many years do most people spend at college?

- Many people spend 4 years in college.

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- It depends on where they go to college.

- It depends on what their degree is in.

3. Why would a college education separate you from others when applying for a job or program?
- You will be more prepared than them.
- Your degree will show that you are responsible and mature.
- You will have more skill than others in a certain area.

4. What is a problem with student loans?

- They can cause you financial hardships for many years.
- They can limit your ability to pay for other things or to live in certain places.

5. How can college professors help you?

- They treat you like an adult and push you to be your best.
- They help you get jobs writing letters to bosses.
- They can help you think about things in new and different ways.

Vocabulary Check (page 19)

1. forced
2. qualified
3. applicants
4. commitment
5. burden

Think About It (page 19)

<Possible advantages> (Going to college… )
- can help a person get better jobs
- can earn a person qualifications for work
- make a person an expert in their field
- can help a person make more money in the future
- can give a person chances to have fun and try new things
- put people in touch with professors who can help them get jobs
- can help make a person better at a skill
- can give a person a better idea of what they want to do for a job

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<Possible disadvantages> (Going to college… )

- can be very expensive
- can lead to financial hardships for years
- can cause someone to be unable to travel
- take a lot of time
- is a very big commitment
- can give people skills for jobs that they are not interested in
- can give a person skills that are useless

Supporting Opinions (page 20)

1. a
2. d
3. b
4. c

Refuting Opinions (page 20)

1. b
2. c
3. a
4. d

Opinion Examples (page 21)

Opinion A
I have to go to college if I want to get a good job. Being rich and successful is very important to me.
I want to have a lot of money so that I can support a family and live comfortably. All of the best jobs,
like doctors and lawyers, require a college education. Many people want these jobs, too. There is
strong competition, so I must get the best college education possible. It will separate me from other
applicants who are less qualified.

Opinion B
I don’t need to go to college to get a good job. A college education is a good thing, but not
necessary. Many successful people never went to college. Bill Gates is one of the richest men in the
world, and he didn’t finish college. Many successful athletes and movie stars also did not go to

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college. I can learn while I work. If I work hard enough I can get a promotion. Or I can start my
own business. There are many ways to get a good job.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
It's true that there are some good jobs that you don't need a college degree to get. However, even if
a person wants a job like this, it won't hurt their chances to get a degree. Also, if they find, eventually,
that they don't like the job that they originally wanted, they will have a degree that they can use to
find something else.

For Opinion B
If a person wastes time going to school for something that they aren't sure about, they will get
farther and farther into debt. Instead, it is much, much smarter to find something that you like doing
and start getting experience in it while getting paid.

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Unit 4 – File Sharing

Warm-up (page 23)

Legal to file share Illegal to file share
Personal pictures Copyrighted movies
A song you wrote Copyrighted computer games
School projects Copyrighted mp3s
Work files Audio books
Homework materials Pages from copyrighted books
Poems that you wrote Episodes of a TV show
Open source files of any type Music files from an album you bought

Comprehension Check (page 25)

1. It was created in 1999.
2. - It is the exchange of any type of file from one person to another, using the internet.
3. - They can steal your personal information and destroy your computer.
4. - They get increased recognition and free publicity.
5. - They can be arrested or sued.

Vocabulary Check (page 25)

1. collaborate
2. violates
3. potential
4. recognition
5. exchange

Think About It (page 25)

<Possible Advantages> (File sharing can…)
- be an easy way for people to share different kinds of media
- allows students to work together easily
- allows people to share pictures with family and friends
- helps artists get free publicity and recognition

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- allows people to collaborate on work when they are far away from each other

<Possible Disadvantages> (File sharing can…)

- help spread computer viruses
- can cause artists to lose money from illegal downloading
- can tempt people into downloading things illegally
- cause people to be sued or arrested for illegal downloading
- cause get a person sued and costing them a lot of money
- cause a person to lose track of how much money they spend on legal downloads

Supporting Opinions (page 26)

1. c
2. b
3. a
4. d

Refuting Opinions (page 26)

1. d
2. a
3. c
4. b

Opinion Examples (page 27)

Opinion A
I think that it is wrong to download movies without paying for them. Actors, directors and many
other people work very hard to create movies. The same is true for musicians and writers. It is
entertainment for us, but it is work for them. Downloading movies is the same as stealing a DVD
from a store. Movie companies will lose a lot of money. I would not like it if someone stole from
me. We should support our artists by buying their DVDs.

Opinion B
I think that it is OK to download movies for free. There are too many new movies today. It is

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impossible to watch them all because DVDs are very expensive. Going to the cinema is expensive,
too. It is also inconvenient. I have to travel to a cinema and watch the movie when they decide to
play it. Downloading movies is much easier and cheaper. I can download new and old movies. I can
watch them when I want, and many times. I can also watch them from home or on my computer. It
is much better this way.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
It's not hard to see how any artistic industry can suffer from people not paying the artists for their
work. Would anyone work as an engineer if everyone just stole their work all the time? No. If artists
cannot make a living doing what they do, there will be no art of any kind.

For Opinion B
Actors like Brad Pitt and Tom Cruise are not in the poor house and free movie downloading has been
going on for years. If there really were going to be an adverse effect from all of this free
downloading, it would have happened already, and it hasn't.

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Unit 5 – Internet Censorship

Warm-up (page 29)

Censored Not Censored
Terrorist recruiting websites Bad words
Military secrets Lies that don't hurt people
Illegal pornography Music videos
Privately owned websites Artwork
Illegal file-sharing websites Opinions
Dangerous information (bomb building, Most writing
dangerous lies, etc.)
Some video games

Comprehension Check (page 31)

1. How is the internet a dangerous place?
- It has a lot of inappropriate and dangerous information.

2. Why might it be impossible to censor the internet?

- Governments cannot regulate laws of other countries.
- Internet users can find banned information from other countries with less strict regulations.

3. Why do some people oppose internet censorship?

- Some people oppose censorship because they feel that it interferes with freedom of speech and
expression.

4. Which country has the strictest internet censorship laws?

- China

5. Why have so many people been arrested in China?

- People in China have been arrested for signing online petitions, saying bad things about the
government, and talking to people from other countries.

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Vocabulary Check (page 31)

1. specifically
2. offensive
3. banned
4. petition
5. monitor

Think About It (page 31)

<Possible Advantages>
- stop people from getting computer viruses
- protect children from inappropriate content
- dangerous materials will be removed from the internet
- various crimes on the internet - fraud, even kidnapping

<Possible Disadvantages>
- it interferes with freedom of speech and expression
- people are not free to say what they believe
- another form of government control

Supporting Opinions (page 32)

1. c
2. d
3. a
4. b

Refuting Opinions (page 32)

1. b
2. a
3. d
4. c

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Opinion Examples (page 33)

Opinion A
I think that internet censorship is a good thing. The internet is a scary place. There are
many violent videos and they are easy to find. I always see inappropriate
advertisements when I am trying to do research for school. They are very offensive to
me and I don’t want to see them. Once I even downloaded a virus to my computer
because I opened spam mail. Internet censorship would keep me safe. I would be
happy if this information was banned.

Opinion B
I think that internet censorship is bad for people and for society. Internet censorship prevents us
from finding all the information we want. And we cannot say what we believe or we will be
punished. It is a way to control what we read and say. Governments can even block information
which hurts politicians or very rich companies. They can also monitor what people say and do on
the internet. If someone says that they are not happy with the government they can be arrested.
We are not free with internet censorship, and that makes me afraid.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A:
Lack of internet censorship has caused people to die from terrorist attacks and murder. If stiff
internet censorship laws could save even one life, can anyone say that their freedom is more
important than that person's life?

For Opinion B:
Any kind of censorship is what a lot of people will call a "slippery slope," meaning that once it starts,
where will it stop? Why stop with the internet? If censorship is beneficial, why not censor people at
home? Allowing the government to tell you what to read and say is the beginning of allowing the
government to completely control your life.

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Unit 6 – CCTV

Warm-up (page 35)

Pros
 Protect teachers
 Protect students
 Watch for thieves and intruders
 Stop fighting and bullying
 Detect bad activity
 Used for evidence

Cons
 I can’t talk with my friends.
 I feel uncomfortable being watched.
 Less privacy
 Can’t play games in class
 Always someone watching me
 School is less fun.

Comprehension Check (page 37)

1. They use video cameras to transmit a video signal to a specific location.
2. People are less likely to commit a crime if they know they are being watched.
3. You must buy, install and monitor them.
4. News stations can monitor traffic and tell drivers about delays.
5. 3%

Vocabulary Check (page 37)

1. detect
2. alternative
3. evidence
4. transmit
5. mutual

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Think About It (page 37)

<Possible Advantages>
- helps deter crime
- can detect dangerous activities
- provides evidence for lawyers and police officers
- inform drivers of traffic delays
- can be used in places too dangerous for humans

<Possible disadvantages>
- can create mutual distrust between people and government
- innocent people don't like to be watched
- can be expensive to install and use
- people will just commit crimes where there are no CCTV cameras

Supporting Opinions (page 38)

1. d
2. c
3. a
4. b

Refuting Opinions (page 38)

1. c
2. d
3. b
4. a

Opinion Examples (page 39)

Opinion A
I feel safe at school because of CCTVs. There are cameras in all of the hallways and
classrooms. If something bad happens the school will know about it. One day something bad did
happen. A man broke into the school. He damaged doors and windows and stole some computers.
The police were able to find the man and arrest him because of the footage on the CCTVs. We got
our computers back and have not had a robbery at the school since then. I think CCTVs should be

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in all schools.

Opinion B
My school has CCTV cameras. I don’t like it. I am a good person and I never cause any problems.
I do not want to be watched all of the time when I am not doing anything wrong. I feel like the
school administrators do not trust the students. I feel uncomfortable when I see the cameras. They
are invading my privacy, and preventing me from acting normally while I am at school. I think they
should be banned from all schools.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
The arguments against CCTV cameras are made by people who are not to be trusted. 99% of the
time, there probably isn't even anyone watching the cameras. They are there so that people know
that if they do something wrong, it will be recorded, and the school administration can rewind the
tape to see who has done wrong. It's a question of safety, not a question of privacy.

For Opinion B
The idea of school is to prepare students to be responsible adults. By constantly monitoring
students through CCTV, the message is not that they should be responsible adults, it's that they
shouldn't do things that they could get caught doing. CCTV cameras do not create a safe
atmosphere, they create one where people feel at odds with the administration.

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Unit 7 – Privacy of Public Figures

Warm-up (page 41)

[Answers]
1. c 2. e 3. a 4. d 5. b 6. f

[Possible Answers]
doctors lawyers businessmen governors
teachers scientists inventors researchers
writers photographers investors authors
inventors artists directors politicians
newspaper reporters

Comprehension Check (page 43)

1. a fairly high level of public activity
2. elected officials, celebrities, athletes, and politicians
3. people do, either with taxes or spending money on entertainment
4. reporters and paparazzi
5. She died in 1997.

Vocabulary Check (page 43)

1. harass
2. taxes
3. appropriately
4. granted
5. officials

Think About It (page 43)

1. Would you like to be a public figure? Explain why or why not.
- Yes, it would be fun to have a job with a lot of responsibility. My decisions and actions could help
people.
- Yes, celebrities live very glamorous and exciting lives.

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- No, I think it would be too stressful. The work is hard and I would not have a lot of privacy.
- No, I would hate to have any small mistake that I make broadcasted to the whole world.

2. Would you like to work as a paparazzi? Explain why or why not.

- Yes. It would be exciting. I could travel the world taking pictures of my favorite public figures.
- Yes, I have heard that they make good money, and good ones get to meet famous people.
- No, I would not like this job. I wouldn’t like to interfere in another person’s life. I would feel bad
doing it.
- No, it bothers me that people want to know so much about celebrities. I wouldn't want to take part
in that.

3. How are reporters good for our society?

- A reporter’s job is to find the facts and tell the public. They inform us about important information
like the weather, world events and the results of elections.
- They also are like detectives. They research information and present a story to the public.
- They can find out if people are doing bad things and make them stop.

Supporting Opinions (page 44)

1. d
2. a
3. c
4. b

Refuting Opinions (page 44)

1. b
2. a
3. d
4. c

Opinion Examples (page 45)

Opinion A
I feel bad for celebrities who are harassed by the paparazzi. The paparazzi make the lives of
celebrities very stressful. Celebrities cannot walk down the street or go to a store without someone

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taking their picture. The paparazzi are sometimes very aggressive. They will even follow a celebrity
for miles just to get a picture. Some paparazzi even break the law. They have even broken into
celebrities' houses. They are the same as stalkers. It must be very frustrating to be a celebrity.
It should be illegal to be a paparazzi.

Opinion B
I love looking at pictures of my favorite celebrities in magazines. I enjoy seeing where they live and
what stores they shop in. Celebrities are so cool, and I want to be just like them. They are role
models to many people. They should accept the fact that other people care so much about their
lives. Celebrities become more popular because of these pictures, too. It is great for their career,
and fun for the fans. Celebrities should be happy that the paparazzi are taking their picture.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
Generally, we like and respect the people who are celebrities. Is taking pictures of people all the
time any way to treat a person that we like? Some people become famous accidentally, it is fair that
suddenly they are having everything they do and say broadcast to the whole world?

For Opinion B
The idea of school is to prepare students to be responsible adults. By constantly
monitoring students through CCTV, the message is not that they should be responsible
adults, it's that they shouldn't do things that they could get caught doing. CCTV
cameras do not create a safe atmosphere, they create one where people feel at odds
with the administration.

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Unit 8 – Fashion

Warm-up (page 47)

<Possible Answers>
Pop Singers - trendy new outfits, lots of jewelry
Golfers - polo shirt, funny pants
Businessmen – Suits
Rappers - baggy, big clothes, hats
Popular kids at school - new, trendy clothes, imitating pop stars
Sports fans - clothes with team names on them
Your best friend - Answers will vary

Comprehension Check (page 49)

1. express their personality and interests
2. by dressing professionally
3. People think they must look like the models they see in advertisements.
4. The workers are given low wages and work long hours.
5. everywhere (at home, school, work and in public places)

Vocabulary Check (page 49)

1. exploit
2. compliment
3. exposed
4. outfits
5. fit in with

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Think About It (page 49)

Advantages Disadvantages
 Help you fit in with different social groups  Can be expensive
 Help you make new friends  May lead to eating disorders
 Gain self-confidence  Some companies do not make clothes for
 Feels good to be complimented on you overweight people
appearance  Some companies exploit workers
 Can be inexpensive if you like old fashion  Stresses importance of image
 Can be an outlet for creativity
 Employs many people
 Can be done without exploiting workers

Supporting Opinions (page 50)

1. b
2. a
3. d
4. c

Refuting Opinions (page 50)

1. b
2. a
3. c
4. d

Opinion Examples (page 51)

Opinion A
I think it is important to follow the latest fashions. Fashion helps people make friends and be
accepted by different social groups. All of my friends at school wear nice outfits and jewelry. They
look cool, and everyone likes them. People who wear ugly clothes or have bad fashion are teased
and made fun of. If you don’t wear nice outfits it will be hard to be popular. It is easy to know
what fashions are popular, and wearing them can make your life more enjoyable.

Opinion B:

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I don’t think that fashion is very important. My friends spend too much time and money trying to
look cool. They think that clothes make you popular. They are trying to impress other people and
are not being themselves. Personality is more important than fashion. If you are a good person
you will make friends. Some of the most popular people I know have very bad fashion, but people
like them because they are nice and funny. You don’t need to buy the latest clothes to be popular.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
Yes, some people get obsessed with fashion and spend too much time on it. However, you can
make it important without going overboard. Showing people that your appearance is important to
you, makes them feel like you care about them. If you don't care what you look like, it sends people
the message that you don't care about them either.
For Opinion B
Any amount of time spent on fashion could be spent on something else. People who spend fifteen
minutes doing their hair in the morning could be spending that fifteen minutes reading an
important news article. Some people spend hours getting ready to leave the house. Spending lots of
time to look nice shows people that you care about the wrong things.

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Unit 9 – Advertisement

Warm-up (page 53)

How would you describe it?
exciting, interesting, informative, expensive, long, truthful, good, boring, short, loud, untruthful, bad,
annoying

Comprehension Check (page 55)

1. People are required to make, transport and sell advertised goods.
2. By informing people about important issues.
3. To make us believe their product is the best.
4. To turn kids into life-long customers and influence their parents decisions.
5. In newspapers, television, the internet, billboards and less obvious places.

Vocabulary Check (page 55)

1. goods
2. billboard
3. obvious
4. misleading
5. consumers

Think About It (page 55)

Advantages Disadvantages
 Creates many jobs  Sends the message that image and beauty are
 Can inform people about important important
issues  Can be misleading
 Best way to inform people about new  Some advertisements try to make us want
products and services things we don't need
 Companies make more money  Some ads are aimed at children who are
 Increases public Awareness of goods vulnerable
 Good for economy  Some ads try to turn children into life-long
 Makes our stores colorful customers Some ads try to influence parents'
 Makes products in our houses less dull decisions for their children
 End goal is not for the good of the customer, it
is for the good of the company
 Causes people to go into debt

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 Doesn't make people happy

Supporting Opinions (page 56)

1. d
2. a
3. b
4. c

Refuting Opinions (page 56)

1. b
2. d
3. a
4. c

Opinion Examples (page 57)

Opinion A
Companies should stop stressing the importance of image and appearance to sell their
products. Advertisers make their products look cool and try to convince us that we will
be cool if we buy them. Companies use popular images and even hire celebrities to be
in their ads. Beautiful people are used to sell the simplest products like pencils and
books. This sends the wrong image to the public that being cool is important. Instead,
companies should focus on how the product will help us and why it is good, not why it
will make us cool.

Opinion B
I think that image and appearance is an important part of advertising. Everyone has
different interests and personalities. Ads can present a certain image to try and sell their
products to specific groups of people. I don’t like things which are violent, so I would
not buy a violent video game; however, I do like things which are fun and romantic. If a
new movie ad presented the image of a cute, lovable character, I would probably watch
it. Its image and appearance would match the things which I enjoy.

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3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
Imagine if advertisements, instead of talking about how cool people think a product is,
actually talked about what the product could do. What if they showed the product in
action and you could see demonstrations of its use. Wouldn't that be better?

For Opinion B
Imagine a world without colorful advertisements. Food wrappers would be black and white or gray.
Imagine how boring everything would be. Appealing to people's sense of what looks good is not
only important for the company, but it's important for us, too.

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Unit 10 – Legacy Preference

Warm-up (page 59)

[Example Answers]

Qualities Skills Achievements

 Leadership  Good at sports  Winning academic

 Helping others  Good at music awards

 Doing volunteer work  Good at art  Winning other awards

 Having many interests  Good at languages  Being the president

 Overcoming difficulties  Good at science of a club

 Overcoming a  Good at math  Advanced degree or

disability  Good at cooking certificate in

 Taking care of a big and baking something

family  Good with animals  Having built or made

 Coming from a  Good with children something special

different culture or

country

 Famous

 Wealthy

Comprehension Check (page 61)

1. a person who has a family member that graduated from the school they are applying to
2. Their children have a better chance of being admitted.
3. to improve the school and fund financial aid
4. well-educated families that are financially secure
5. They fear the only reason they were admitted was because of their parents’ money, not their abilities.

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Vocabulary Check (page 61)

1. donate
2. policy
3. applicants
4. prefer
5. alumni

Think About It (page 61)

<Possible Advantages>
- helps maintain strong alumni relationships
- can increase donations
- lessens the burden on some poor families
- increases equality in some ways
- helps build a sense of tradition and school pride
- helps ensure some enrollment

<Possible Disadvantages>
- other qualified students may not be accepted
- gives underserved advantage to some
- legacies may feel uncomfortable being known as legacies

Supporting Opinions (page 62)

1. c
2. b
3. d
4. a

Refuting Opinions (page 62)

1. c
2. b
3. a

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4. d

Opinion Examples (page 63)

Opinion A
The legacy preference policy should be banned at all schools. It gives an unfair
advantage to students who don’t need help. Schools should be helping people who
actually need help, like poor and disadvantaged students. I come from a poor family,
but I work hard at school. I should have the same chance to get into the best colleges
as everyone else. I may not get accepted because a legacy takes my spot. It is not fair
to people like me.

Opinion B
Schools should be allowed to use legacy preference if they want to. It is great for keeping school
tradition and building a strong alumni relationship. I go to a university which uses legacy preference.
I always see alumni walking around campus and talking to current students. They share stories and
experiences. They also share their money, and I received financial aid because of alumni donations. I
even got a job working with an alumni from my school. Legacy preference helps everyone, not just
legacies.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
Imagine if this were applied to other parts of life. If a person is a senator or mayor of a
town, should they get preferential treatment when running for office? What if a person's
father was a general in the army? Should they get preferential treatment in the army?
This is a terrible system in all way. It hurts the university system and even teaches the
legacies that they don't have to work.

For Opinion B
One of the big problems with getting into a good college is that even after getting
accepted, many students cannot afford to go. Donations from alumni help keep tuition
costs down so that more students can go. Private institutions have even less say in the
matter because they don't receive government money. Their fundraising is up to them.

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Unit 11 – Cloning

Warm-up (page 65)

[Possible Answers]
Appearance Characteristics & Qualities
 Tall  Kind

 Blonde hair  Smart

 Blue eyes  Funny
 Muscular  Strong

 Attractive  Athletic

 Skinny body  Hard-working

 Big arms  Creative
 Flat stomach  Healthy

 Muscular body  Musical

 Curly hair  Fast
 Straight hair  No genetic problems

 Brown hair  Obedient

 Gray eyes  Curious

 Hazel eyes
 Green eyes

Comprehension Check (page 67)

1. July 5, 1996
2. She was the first mammal successfully cloned and she introduced cloning to the world.
3. We could produce disease resistant plants and animals with increased nutrition.
4. It helps us adapt to changes and resist diseases.
5. Babies would be created in a laboratory.

Vocabulary Check (page 67)

1. infertility
2. endangered
3. genes

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4. deliberately
5. hampered

Think About It (page 67)

<Possible Advantages>
- fight genetic diseases
- make new organs for transplants
- allow infertile couples to have babies
- make disease resistant plants and animals to help fight world hunger
- save endangered species
- allow people to choose the traits they want in children
- create new species of plants and animals

<Possible Disadvantages>
- hampers genetic diversity
- make things the same, boring
- a way for people to play god
- devalues human life as babies are born in a laboratory
- Is possible that babies could be born with undesirable traits

Supporting Opinions (page 68)

1. c
2. d
3. a
4. b

Refuting Opinions (page 68)

1. c
2. b
3. a
4. d

Opinion Examples (page 69)

Opinion A
I think cloning would benefit society. The medical possibilities are many. Cloning
can help scientists find cures for diseases. We can learn more about how the human

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body works. We would also make our plants and animals stronger and healthier. We
could clone the best plants and animals and fight world hunger. I could even clone my
favorite pet so that I could have it with me all my life! We need to investigate the
possibilities of cloning further, as it could help all people, animals and plants.

Opinion B
I think cloning should be banned. Cloning could be used for good, but it could also
be used for evil. The military could clone super-soldiers to be used for war. And we
don’t know enough about genetic diversity to safely say that cloning is safe. Mistakes
could happen, and it’s possible that we could kill an entire species of plants or animals
by accident. I don’t think that cloning is worth the risk to society, animals and plants.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
Opponents of cloning make the same arguments that people used against things like
vaccination and the engines. Yes, there are ways that this could be misused, but this is
the same with any scientific procedure. The potential problems with flight didn't stop
people from inventing airplanes.

For Opinion B
The problem with cloning is that once we start doing things to the genes of animals and
plants, we can't undo these things. If we mess with our own genetics, who is to say that
we won't do something irreversible to the human race. Science has produced a lot of
things that we wish we could un-invent but can't. Imagine if people thought of the
problems that could come from the invention of the gun. Wouldn't our world be better?

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Unit 12 – Death Penalty

Warm-up (page 71)

Death penalty Go to jail Pay a fine

 Murder  Steal a car  Get a parking

 Terrorism  Steal several cars ticket

 Treason  Get in a big fight  Driving too fast

 More than one count  Kidnapping  Littering

of murder  Sending really bad  Breaking a window
 Torturing another computer viruses  Driving drunk

person  Insurance fraud  Stealing small

 War crimes  Election fraud things

 Child abuse  Lying in the
 Causing someone to newspaper
die accidentally  Having unsafe

 Stealing a lot of money property (places

 Pretending to be a where people

policeman could get hurt)

 Destroying a lot of
property
 Driving drunk
 Telling really bad lies in

the newspaper

Comprehension Check (page 73)

1. The premeditated killing by the government of a person convicted of certain crimes.
2. If they know the penalty for it is death.
3. It would free space and protect guards and inmates.
4. It gives them closure and lets them move on with their lives.
5. Because of an endless appeal system and additional procedures.

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Vocabulary Check (page 73)

1. executed
2. sentence
3. inmates
4. sympathy
5. closure

Think About It (page 73)

<Possible Advantages>
- Works as a crime deterrent
- Families of victims are given closure
- Protects citizens from very dangerous people
- Keeps prison guards and inmates safer
- Not paying to keep dangerous criminals alive
- No danger of escape
- Some people cannot be rehabilitated

<Possible Disadvantages>
- Sends the wrong message to society
- Possible to kill innocent people
- Giving life sentences is a better deterrent
- Can create sympathy for criminals
- Expensive
- Is immoral to kill people
- No chance of rehabilitation

Supporting Opinions (page 74)

1. b
2. d
3. a
4. c

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Refuting Opinions (page 74)

1. a
2. d
3. c
4. b

Opinion Examples (page 75)

Opinion A
The death penalty should be banned. It is wrong to kill someone to show that killing is
wrong. It is hypocritical of the government to do this, and it sets a bad example for
society. Also, the death penalty is expensive. It takes a lot of time and money before
the convict is executed, and it would be cheaper to give a life sentence. I even think
that a life sentence is a better deterrent to crime because prisons are a horrible place.

Opinion B
The death penalty should not be banned. Criminals deserved to be punished for their crimes.
Some crimes are so bad, like murder, that it’s not safe for that person to live in society anymore.
They only solution is death. The death penalty also serves as a crime deterrent. I would not
commit a crime which would give me the death penalty. And it helps to make more room in an
already overcrowded prison system. I think that while the penalty is harsh, sometimes it is deserved
and it can help the rest of society.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
No one, not even the biggest supporter of the death penalty would agree with the death penalty if
they were going to be executed for a crime that they didn't commit. Yet this happens. Because there
is no way to guarantee that a innocent people won't be executed, this can never be a good
punishment.

For Opinion B

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While it's possible that an innocent person could be executed, it is far more likely that an
unreformed criminal will either escape or be released and kill again. The biggest opponent of the
death penalty would wish that it were in place if one of their family members was killed by one of
these criminals.

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Unit 13 – Abortion

Warm-up (page 77)

[Possible Answers]
 Medical problems
 Not ready for a family
 Not enough money
 Family pressure
 Too young
 Rape/Incest victim
 Health of the mother
 Pressure from friends
 Not ready for responsibility
 Disrupts work
 Disrupts school life
 Potential father not involved
 Pressure from potential father
 Do not want to have children

Comprehension Check (page 79)

1. 42 million worldwide
2. Some woman would try to have them done illegally.
3. depression and guilt
4. infections, recurring miscarriages, and sometimes death
5. adoption

Vocabulary Check (page 79)

1. reoccurring
2. combat
3. fetus
4. depression
5. guilty

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Think About It (page 79)

<Possible Advantages>
- Women choose what to do with their bodies
- Women would not have dangerous illegal operations
- Help victims of rape and incest forget about their suffering
- Less unwanted and under-loved children in society
- Prevent the government from controlling women's bodies
- Way for women to not be held back
- Many people do not feel that a fetus is a person because it cannot live on its own
- Body aborts pregnancies all the time
- Most conceptions do not end in babies
<Possible Disadvantages>
- Some say it is murder
- Deny a child a chance at life
- Women can experience psychological problems
- Health risks
- Alternative choices, like adoption, can help families who do want a child

Supporting Opinions (page 80)

1. d
2. b
3. a
4. c

Refuting Opinions (page 80)

1. b
2. c
3. a
4. d

Opinion Examples (page 81)

Opinion A
I believe that a woman should never have an abortion. Abortion is murder, and murder

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is wrong. No one should have the right to take the life of another person. The fetus is
alive, and it deserves a chance at life. There is also an alternative which can help
many people. If you don’t want your child, you can put it up for adoption. That way
another family can have a child and the child will be given an opportunity at life, too.

Opinion B
I believe that in some situations abortions should be allowed. Sometimes women can die giving
birth to a child. If having a baby would kill the mother, I think it would be OK to have an abortion.
It would save the mother’s life. I also think that abortions should be allowed in cases when a woman
has been raped. Having the child might remind the woman of her suffering. Having an abortion
would help her to get closure from a terrible event in her life.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
Abortion is unnatural. People say that it exists to protect the health and rights of the potential
mothers involved, but it can be a traumatic and invasive procedure. Also, do the fetuses have any
rights? We should stick to nature.

For Opinion B
Is it a good idea to force a person to have a baby that they don't want? The baby will grow up
knowing that the mother did not want it. There will be seven billion people in the world by 2012, we
do not need unwanted, un-loved children.

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Unit 14 – Arranged Marriage

Warm-up (page 83)

[Possible Answers]
nice funny kind
similar interests smart rich
hard-working attractive good job
good education likes animals good friends
nice family same religion same ethnicity/race
friendly well-read well-traveled
parental pressure long friendship famous
independent respects you as a person

Comprehension Check (page 85)

1. the parents
2. ethnically, financially, religiously, and socially
3. arranged marriages
4. to make sure their culture and faith lasts into the future
5. because they meet just before, or even at, the wedding

Vocabulary Check (page 85)

1. tradition
2. pressure
3. a good match
4. partner
5. divorced

Think About It (page 85)

<Possible Advantages>
- Marriages made for compatibility
- Strong support from both families
- Not as many distractions from career and studies

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- Helps a culture or faith last longer

- Divorce rate is lower than that of other marriages
<Possible Disadvantages>
- May not like partner
- Cannot choose own partner
- Can't experience joys of dating and romantic love
- Sometimes you cannot get to know your partner before you get married
- Can be difficult to get out of a bad marriage

Supporting Opinions (page 86)

1. d
2. b
3. c
4. a

Refuting Opinions (page 86)

1. d
2. a
3. c
4. b

Opinion Examples (page 87)

Opinion A
Everyone should be allowed to choose the person they want to marry. When you marry
someone you will spend the rest of your life with that person. Maybe you will raise a
family together, too. It’s important to know each other well and to love each other
before you get married. That way you know that the marriage will be successful. If
someone chose your partner for you it’s possible you will not like each other. It would
be very difficult to live with someone you didn’t like.

Opinion B
I think that arranged marriages are better than choosing your own partner. In an
arranged marriage your family makes the decision on who you will marry. That means
that your family will like your partner, which does not always happen in other kinds of
marriage. Also, they will not choose a bad partner for you. They will think carefully and
find someone who is a good match for you. An arranged marriage can also let you

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focus on other important things like school. Looking for a partner can take a lot of time.
For some people it is too difficult.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
Defending something as traditional is a silly argument. Simply because a culture or group of people
has been doing something for a long time does not automatically mean that it is a good idea.
Arranged marriage is one of these things. People defend it to feel more open-minded, but it is a
terrible practice and many people who are a part of it are unhappy.

For Opinion B
Choosing who you want to marry can work for some people. However, having an impartial judge
with your best interests at heart is by far a better idea. People need to set aside emotion when
making important decisions or they won't make smart ones. Marriage is no exception.

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Unit 15 – Social Networking

Warm-up (page 89)

OK to reveal Should be hidden
 Name  Age
 ID  Password
 Favorite Movies  E-mail address
 Interests  Phone number
 Birthday
 Credit card number
 Hometown

Comprehension Check (page 91)

1. Facebook, MySpace, Twitter and Classmates.com
2. 300 million people
3. It is usually free to use.
4. People often post personal information on these sites which anyone can use for illegal purposes.
5. They spend a lot of time on social networking sites instead of working.

Vocabulary Check (page 91)

1. keep in touch
2. upload
3. productivity
4. site
5. identity theft

Think About It (page 91)

Advantages Disadvantages
 Keep in touch with friends and relatives  Vulnerable children can be exposed to
 Usually free to use predators
 Make new friends  Spread computer viruses
 Find old friends  People can become addicted
 Can upload pictures and videos  Can decrease productivity of office-workers
 Can find people with similar and students
 Can easily promote a business or product  Is a waste of time
 Fights boredom  Some people trick others into business scams

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 Increases interaction between people  Some people say things they don't mean
 Is even easier to contact friends  Account can get hacked
Supporting Opinions (page 92)
1. b
2. c
3. a
4. d

Refuting Opinions (page 92)

1. c
2. a
3. d
4. b

Opinion Examples (page 93)

Opinion A
I think that social networking websites are an important communication tool. They are
free to use, and can be used all over the world. They let us send messages to family
and friends. We can also post pictures and videos of ourselves for others to see. We
can even find old friends or make new friends. My mom was able to find old classmates
using these sites. She was so happy to see them again after many years of being apart.
My dad, too, was able to find other people who shared his interest in model cars.

Opinion B
I think that social networking sites are too dangerous, and that the risks are not worth
the benefits. Firstly, bad people can see your personal information. They can take it
and steal your identity. There is also a risk of people stalking or harassing you on these
sites. Some people become addicted to them and spend many hours a day visiting
these sites. It is unhealthy, and prevents people from talking to others in real life. Also,
there are predators who can take advantage of vulnerable children.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
Social networking is a tool and that is it. Critics of it forget that. The point is that it can

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be used for negative things as well as positive. We don't have laws restricting hammers
because they can be used to hit people. Social networking has been created, and it
would be silly to stop using it now.

For Opinion B
Imagine trying to make any of these arguments for social networking to the parent of a
child who was kidnapped by a bad person on Facebook. It would be insulting to try to
tell the person that posting pictures and links on a website are worth this sort of thing.
One kidnapping made possible by social networking websites would be too many, but
there have been several.

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Unit 16 – Zoos

Warm-up (page 95)

lot of space Little light A lot of water
 Elephants  Bats  Penguins
 Birds  Snakes  Turtles
 Giraffes  Sea lions
 Owls
 Lions  Sharks
 raccoons
 Bears  Fish
 opossums
 Rhinoceroses (rhinos)  hippos
 Zebras  some fish  alligators
 kangaroos  some insects  platypuses
 hippos  crocodiles
 tigers  dolphins
 gorillas  sharks
 monkeys  seals
 pandas  frogs
 deer  toads
 antelope
 water buffalo
 foxes
 rodents

Comprehension Check (page 97)

1. They date back thousands of years to the ancient Egyptians and Chinese.
2. protecting animals and educating the public
3. People view them all day long.
4. They can help make new medicines and increase animal health.
5. They can breed them to increase the population of that animal.

Vocabulary Check (page 97)

1. captivity
2. exotic
3. distress
4. breed

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5. abandoned

Think About It (page 97)

Advantages Disadvantages
 can breed endangered animals  animals have a right to be free
 animals are safe and given a proper diet  animals don't have privacy
 many animals have been rescued from  animals are not free to practice their natural
harmful situations hunting and mating practices
 can educate the public  animals show signs of distress
 can be fun places for children to go  animals can be mistreated
 expose children to animals they never  no real benefit
would have seen  people don't actually learn much from zoos
 animals' homes are disappearing, zoos
give them a place to go

Supporting Opinions (page 98)

1. c
2. a
3. b
4. d

Refuting Opinions (page 98)

1. b
2. d
3. a
4. c

Opinion Examples (page 99)

Opinion A
I don’t think that animals should be kept in zoos. Animals have a right to be free.
They belong in the wild where they can live naturally. We don’t have the right to force
animals to live in confinement. I would not want to live in a cage and have people

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watching me all day. There is no privacy and not enough space to feel comfortable.
Many of the animals show signs of distress, so I don’t think animals are happy being in
a zoo.

Opinion B
I think that zoos are very important for helping all animals. Many of the animals in zoos have been
abandoned or rescued from dangerous situations. They are not healthy enough to live in the wild,
and would die if they were not in zoos. We can learn more about these animals and make new
medicines to improve their health. Zoos breed endangered species and reintroduce them into the
wild, too. This prevents extinction of endangered species. Zoos also educate people on how we
can protect wild animals.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
I was recently at a zoo, and I learned one thing about animals: the polar bears weren't moving, the
elephants were shaking their heads, and the lions were sleeping. When I looked this up on the
internet later, it said that these are all very clear signs of boredom. Imagine being bored, all day,
every day, for your whole life. We shouldn't subject animals to this.

For Opinion B
There are thousands of animals on the endangered species list. Many go extinct. One of the main
causes of this today is human activity. While we can't necessarily stop human activity, we can save
the animals by putting them in zoos. At least there they are safe and can live relatively normal lives.

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Unit 17 – Single Sex vs. Coed

Warm-up (page 101)

Activities you do after school Alone Same gender Boys and girls
Reading books X
Playing video games X
Studying and doing homework X X
Playing music X
Other possible activities: playing (any sport), cooking, cleaning, watching TV, eating, walking my dog, going
to the store, going to the movie theater, riding bicycles, going to the park, etc.

Comprehension Check (page 103)

1. single sex schools
2. being intimidated by the opposite sex
3. They can focus on one gender at a time.
4. The real world is not single sex.
5. coed schools

Vocabulary Check (page 103)

1. stereotypical
2. resolve
3. intimidated
4. gender
5. distraction

Think About It (page 103)

Advantages Disadvantages
 Students do better academically  More reflective of society
 Fewer distractions  More diversity in the school
 Teachers can focus on the educational  You can experience different learning styles
needs of one gender at a time  Easier to form friendships with the opposite
 More freedom to make educational choices sex
 People who are intimidated by the opposite  Men and women are not segregated

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sex feel more comfortable

Supporting Opinions (page 104)

1. b
2. a
3. d
4. c

Refuting Opinions (page 104)

1. a
2. d
3. c
4. b

Opinion Examples (page 105)

Opinion A
I think that single sex schools are better than coed schools. I feel really uncomfortable
talking with people of the opposite sex. I can’t express my opinions in class and I am
embarrassed to talk to them. I feel more comfortable talking to others who are the
same gender as me. I can focus on my studies without being distracted. And I don’t
have to worry about trying to impress other people. There is no pressure to be cool or
to be in a relationship with other classmates.

Opinion B
I think that coed schools are better than single sex schools. Many of my friends are of
the opposite sex. I enjoy spending time with them. I also learn many new things from
them. The diversity in coed schools is very valuable. It helps prepare me for the real
world, too. When I begin to work I will have to interact with many different types of
people. A coed education will prepare me for these experiences. A single sex
education won’t prepare me for this.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A

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The simple fact of that matter is that some people get nervous around members of the
opposite sex. If this happens in a debate or public speaking class, these people will lose
out. School is about learning and getting good grades, these things happen most
effectively in same sex environments.

For Opinion B
Getting good grades is one thing, but those good grades are meaningless if they don't
apply to the real world. If a student gets a good grade in a class that is single sex, how
does that prepare them to do the same sort of thing in the real world? The grade is
meaningless if they cannot do the same thing in a coed environment.

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Unit 18 – Space Exploration

Warm-up (page 107)

[Answers]
1. c 2. e 3. f 4. a 5. d 6. b

Comprehension Check (page 109)

1. 15.5 billion dollars
2. Trips to space are very complicated, and mistakes can happen.
3. physics, chemistry, biology, other sciences, the universe and how it was created.
4. Because Earth’s population is increasing and our resources are decreasing.
5. They also make communication with phones, radio and the Internet much faster.

Vocabulary Check (page 109)

1. explore
2. waste of time
3. resource
4. guarantee
5. expense

Think About It (page 109)

Advantages Disadvantages

 Could learn how the universe started  Very expensive

 Can put satellites in space  Risk to human life
Can find new resources and planets  Money spent could be used on other
 Experiments in space can teach us more important things
about physics, chemistry and biology  No guarantee that we find or learn anything
 Experiments in space can teach us more important
about physics, chemistry and biology  We may find something harmful and bring
it back to Earth

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Supporting Opinions (page 110)

1. a
2. d
3. c
4. b

Refuting Opinions (page 110)

1. d
2. a
3. b
4. c

Opinion Examples (page 111)

Opinion A
We should spend our time and money on important issues instead of exploring space.
Sending people to space costs a lot of money. There is no guarantee that it will even
help us. In the meantime, there are many problems in society which need to be fixed.
We can spend that money improving schools and giving teachers more money. We can
give money to poor people who need food and safe homes. There are many ways that
this money can help all people.

Opinion B
We should continue to spend money on missions to space. In the future we may run
out of natural resources. We may need to find new minerals, or even a new planet to
live on. If we do not explore space now this will not be possible in the future. There are
also many scientific benefits. We can learn more about physics, chemistry and biology.
We can develop new technologies to make life on Earth easier. Space exploration will
make our lives in the future better.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A

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People die of starvation and disease every day. It is within our power to stop these
problems or at least reduce them by large amounts if we just spent our time researching
things on Earth. No medicines have ever been discovered by space travel, and we have
no reason to ever think they will.

For Opinion B
Our understanding of the universe is much more important than we even know. If we
can figure out where the universe came from, we may be able to figure out where it is
going. Our research in space may prolong life on Earth for everyone, not just a few poor
people now.

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Unit 19 – Free Trade Agreements (FTAs)

Comprehension Check (page 115)

1. They allow countries to trade goods with each other with little or no government interference.
2. They are given a greater variety of goods and services at a decreased price.
3. They let exporters send goods to another country without paying tariffs.
4. Countries work together to help each other.
5. Poor countries sometimes treat their workers badly.

Vocabulary Check (page 115)

1. Consumers
2. domestic
3. imports
4. tariff
5. exporters

Think About It (page 115)

Advantages Disadvantages
 Consumers can buy goods cheaply  Governments lose money
 Consumers are given greater variety of  People can lose jobs
goods  Decreases the demand for domestic
 Companies save money because they don’t products
pay tariffs  Domestic businesses will suffer and lose
 Keeps the quality of goods high money
 Promotes peace  Workers in other countries are sometimes
 Helps develop other countries treated badly
 Imports ideas along with goods
 Makes countries more diverse

Supporting Opinions (page 116)

1. d
2. c
3. b
4. a

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Refuting Opinions (page 116)

1. a
2. b
3. c
4. d

Opinion Examples (page 117)

Opinion A
I think that FTAs are bad for the rights of workers. They allow rich companies to buy
goods from poor countries. Companies will not have to make their goods with domestic
workers who get a good salary. They can import their goods from poor countries that
hire workers for little money. These workers often work long hours in bad working
conditions. It is sometimes cheaper for companies to buy imports than to pay people to
make them. This causes domestic workers to lose their jobs, too.

Opinion B
I think that FTAs help businesses and workers around the world. They promote trade
between companies in different countries. This allows a company to make more money.
They will then have more money to pay their workers. It can also help create more jobs.
People will be needed to make more of the goods and to transport them around the
world. In the end, FTAs will make more jobs for people around the world. Workers will
also save money because they can buy goods at a cheap price in a store.

4. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?

For Opinion A
Whenever FTAs are made, the workers in poorer countries see their lands bought, their
lives changed, and it is never for the better. This is an historical fact. There are no
examples of FTAs that have promoted better living in poorer countries. All that they ever
mean is cheaper goods for richer countries.

For Opinion B
Large companies starting factories in poorer countries increases the development level

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of the poorer country. Since the larger companies can afford to pay better benefits for
the workers at their factories, the workers win, too. FTAs spur on development, which is
always a positive thing.

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Unit 20 – Human Nature… Good or Evil?

Warm-up (page 119)

Brian Gary
 comforts a sad friend  fights with classmates
 loves his parents  makes fun of classmates
 donates to charity  cheats on tests
 volunteers at school  lies to parents
 helps friends with homework  steals from stores

Comprehension Check (page 121)

1. No, today the answer is still not certain.
2. Because if you read the news, it is easy to see that bad things happen every day.
3. They destroy families and breed hate between countries.
4. to help people, animals and groups in need
5. They can help you study for a test or talk to you when you are feeling sad.

Vocabulary Check (page 121)

1. certain
2. donate
3. inherent
4. underprivileged
5. stranger

Think About It (page 121)

Proof that humans are good Proof that humans evil
 Friends support friends  We have wars
 Strangers help each other  Prisons are full of criminals
 Parents take care of and love their children  People kill each other
 People donate money to charities  Children lie to their parents
 Charities help underprivileged people and  People fight and steal
communities  People don't care about others starving
 People often do good things even when no  People hurt animals

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one is looking  People exploit others

 People risk their own lives to help others

Supporting Opinions (page 122)

1. d
2. a
3. b
4. c

Refuting Opinions (page 122)

1. c
2. b
3. a
4. d

Opinion Examples (page 123)

Opinion A
I think that humans are inherently good. When I look around, I see people doing good
things every day. My family members are all good people. They love me and support
me when I need them. My friends, too, help me study and be better at sports. I even
see strangers helping each other. They never ask for anything in return. They do these
things because they are good people and because it is the right thing to do.

Opinion B
I think that humans are inherently evil. When I see the news I hear about all of the bad
things that happened in the world every day. Countries fight each other in wars.
People kill each other over silly things like money. There are also so many rich people
living right next to people who live in poverty. Even my classmates make fun of each
other and are mean to each other. If everyone was good we would not have these
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problems; therefore, people are evil.

3. What would you say to further support the opinion with which you agree?
For Opinion A
Even when people do bad things, they often do those things to help people that they
know and love. Even evil acts can be interpreted as good if they are seen in the right
way. People don't do evil things because they are evil, they are trying to do good things,
even if they are being selfish and doing them for themselves.

For Opinion B
Even the good things that people do are done selfishly. Most saints and religious people
do good things because they think that God will grant them some reward in the afterlife.
Everything that people do, even the best acts, can be tied back to selfishness because
people are inherently bad.

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