CIRCLE

Time : 1 Hour 30 Minute CLASS X MATHEMATICS Total Marks : 40

STANDARD MATHS

* Choose the right answer from the given options. [1 Marks [10]
Each]
1. A circle is inscribed in a △ABC having sides 8cm, 10cm and 12cm
as shown in given figure. The length of AD, BE and CF (in cm )
respectively are

(A) 2, 8, 4 (B) 7, 5, 3

(C) 8, 4, 2 (D) 6, 6, 4

Ans. : (a) : Let AD = xcm

Then AF = xcm

∴ F C = AC − AF = (10 − x)cm

and CE = F C = (10 − x)cm

EB = BC − CE = 8 − (10 − x) = 8 − 10 + x = (x − 2)cm

DB = AB − AD = (12 − x)cm

Now, DB = EB ⇒ 12 − x = x − 2 ⇒ x = 7
∴ AD = 7cm, BE = 7 − 2 = 5cm and CF = 10 − 7 = 3cm

2. From an external point P , tangents P A and P B are drawn to a

circle with centre O. If CD is the tangent to the circle at a point E
and P A = 14cm , find the perimeter of △P CD .

(A) 26cm (B) 14cm (C) 28cm (D) 21cm

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 Ans. : (b) : Since the tangents drawn from an external point to a
circle are equal.

∴ P A = P B, CA = CE and DB = DE

Perimeter of △P CD = P C + CD + P D

= (P A − CA) + (CE + DE) + (P B − DB)

= (P A − CE) + (CE + DE) + (P B − DE)

= P A + P B = 2P A = (2 × 14)cm = 28cm

3. In the given figure, O is the centre of two concentric circles of

radii 5cm and 3cm. From an external point P , tangents P A and P B
are drawn to these circles. If P A = 12cm , then P B =

– –
(A) 5√2cm (B) 3√5cm

−−
(C) 4√10 cm

−−
(D) 5√10 cm

Ans. : (c) : In right △P AO, P A = 12cm and OA = 5cm .

∴ By Pythagoras theorem,

2 2 2 2 2
OP = OA + PA = 5 + (12) = 25 + 144 = 169
−−− In right
⇒ OP = √169 = 13cm

2 2 2
△P BO, P B = OP − OB

2 2
= 13 − 3 = 169 − 9 = 160

−−− −−
⇒ P B = √160 cm = 4√10 cm

4. Two circles with centres O and P , and radii 8cm and 4cm touch
each other externally. Find the length of their common tangent
QR .

Page 2
 –
(A) 16cm (B) 8√2cm

–
(C) 4cm (D) 4√2cm

Ans. : (b) : As SP = QR , as they are opposite sides of rectangle

P RQS .

OP = 8cm + 4cm = 12cm

OS = 8cm − 4cm = 4cm

Now, in △OSP , OP 2
= OS
2
+ SP
2

−−−−−−−−−− −−− −−−− –

2 2
⇒ QR = SP = √OP 2 − OS 2 = √12 − 4 cm = 8√2cm

5. There are two concentric circles with centre O and of diameters

10cm and 6cm respectively. AB , a chord of outer circle touches the

inner circle at T . The length of BT is

(A) 6cm (B) 7cm (C) 4cm (D) 10cm

Ans. : (c) : In △OBT , ∠OT B = 90 ∘

[Tangent of a circle is perpendicular to the radius]

2 2 2
∴ OB = OT + BT

[By Pythagoras theorem]

2 2
10 6 2 2
⇒ ( ) = ( ) + BT ⇒ 25 = 9 + BT
2 2

2
⇒ BT = 16 ⇒ BT = 4cm

6. In the given figure, QR is a common tangent to the given circles,

touching externally at the point T . The tangent at T meets QR at

Page 3
 P . If P T = 3.8cm , then the length of QR( in cm) is

(A) 1.9 (B) 3.8 (C) 7.6 (D) 5.7

Ans. : (b) : It is known that the length of the tangents drawn from
an external point to a circle are equal.
∴ QP = P T = 3.8cm and P R = P T = 3.8cm

Now, QR = QP + P R = 3.8cm + 3.8cm = 7.6cm

7. Two tangents BC and BD are drawn to a circle with centre O such
that ∠CBD = 120 . Then OB = ∘

(A) BC/2

(B) 2BC

(C) BC

(D) 3BC

Ans. : (a): Since, tangents from an external point B to a circle are

equally inclined to OB
1
∴ ∠CBO = ∠CBD
2

1 ∘ ∘
= × 120 = 60
2

Also, ∠OCB = 90 ∘
[∵ OC ⊥ CB]

In △OCB, BC

OB
= cos 60
∘
=
1

⇒ OB = 2BC

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8. If four sides of a quadrilateral ABCD are tangent to a circle, then

(A) AC + AD = BC + DB

(B) AC + AD = BD + CD

(C) AB + CD = BC + AD

(D) AB + CD = AC + BC

Ans. : (b): Since the lengths of tangents to a circle from an external

point are equal.

∴ AP = AS

BP = BQ

CR = CQ

DR = DS

Adding (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get

(AP + BP ) + (CR + DR) = AS + BQ + CQ + DS

⇒ AB + CD = BC + AD

9. If AB is chord of a circle with centre O and P Q is a tangent to the

circle at B with reflex ∠AOB = 210 , then ∠OBA =
∘

Page 5
 (A) ∘
15

(B) ∘
75

(C) 150
∘

(D) 210
∘

Ans. : (d) : Since, angle about a point is 360

∘
.
∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
∴ ∠AOB = 360 − reflex ∠AOB = 360 − 210 = 150
∘
In △AOB, ∠OAB + ∠ABO + ∠AOB = 180
∘ ∘
⇒ ∠ABO + ∠ABO = 180 − 150
∘ ∘
⇒ 2∠OBA = 30 [∠OAB = ∠OBA and ∠AOB = 150 ]

∘
⇒ 2OBA = 15

10. In the adjoining figure, if P C is the tangent at A of the circle with

∠P AB = 72 and ∠AOB = 132 , then ∠ABC =
∘ ∘

(A) can't be determined

(B) ∘
18

(C) ∘
30

(D) 60
∘

Ans. : (b) : Here, ∠P AB = 72 ∘

∴ ∠OAB = 90 − 72 = 18 Also, ∠AOB = 132

∘ ∘ ∘ ∘

[Given]
Now, in △OAB, ∠ABC = 180 − 132 − 18 = 30 ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘

* A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of [1]

Reason (R). Choose the correct option.
11. Statement A (Assertion) : The length of tangents drawn from an
external point to a circle are not always equal in length.
Statement R (Reason) : The tangent is always perpendicular to the
radius through the point of contact.

Page 6
 (A) Both assertion (A) and reason ( R ) are true and reason (R) is the
correct explanation of assertion (A) .
(B) Both assertion (A) and reason ( R ) are true and reason (R) is not
the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Ans. : (d) : Assertion is wrong as length of tangents drawn from an
external point to a circle are always equal. But reason is correct.

* Given section consists of questions of 3 marks each. [9]

12. A quadrilateral ABCD is drawn to circumscribe a circle. Prove that

AB + CD = AD + BC

Ans. :

We know that the lengths of tangents drawn from an exterior point

to a circle are equal.
AP = AS, ... (i) [tangents from A]
BP = BQ, ... (ii) [tangents from B]
CR = CQ, ... (iii) [tangents from C]
DR = DS. ... (iv) [tangents from D]
AB + CD = (AP + BP) + (CR + DR)
= (AS + BQ) + (CQ + DS) [using (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)]
= (AS + DS) + (BQ + CQ)

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 = AD + BC.
Hence, AB + CD = AD + BC.
13. Two tangents TP and TQ are drawn to a circle with centre O from
an external point T. Prove that ∠​PTQ = 2∠OPQ.
Ans. :

Given A circle with centre O and an external point T and two

tangents TP and TQ to the circle, where P, Q are the points of
contact.
To Prove: ∠PTQ = 2∠OPQ
Proof: Let ∠PTQ = θ
Since TP, TQ are tangents drawn from point T to the circle.
TP = TQ
∴ TPQ is an isoscles triangle

∴ ∠ TPQ = ∠TQP = (180o - θ) = 90o -

1

2
θ

Since, TP is a tangent to the circle at point of contact P

∴ ∠ OPT = 90o
∴ ∠OPQ = ∠OPT - ∠TPQ = 90o - (90o - 1

2
)=
θ
θ

2
= 1

2
∠ PTQ
Thus, ∠PTQ = 2∠OPQ
14. PQ is a chord of length 8 cm of a circle of radius 5 cm. The
tangents at P and Q intersect at a point T. Find the length TP.

Ans. :

Page 8
 Let TR be x cm and TP be y cm
OT is perpendicular bisector of PQ
So PR = 4 cm ( PR = )
PQ 8
=
2 2

In △ OPR, OP2 = PR2 + OR2

52 = 42 + OR2
OR = √25 − 16
−−−−−−

∴ OR = 3 cm

In △ PRT, PR2 +RT2 = PT2

y2 = x2 + 42 .....(1)
In △ OPT, OP2 + PT2 = OT2
(x + 3)2 = 52 + y2 ( OT = OR + RT = 3 + x)
∴ (x + 3)2 = 52 + x2 + 16 [using (1)]
Solving, we get x = 16

3
cm
From (1), y2 = 256

9
+ 16 = 400

So, y = 20

3
cm = 6.667 cm

* Given section consists of questions of 5 marks each. [20]

15. In Figure, XY and X'Y' are two parallel tangents to a circle with
centre O and another tangent AB with point of contact C
intersects XY at A and X'Y' at B. Prove that ∠AOB = 90°.

Ans. : According to the question, XY and X 'Y ' are x two parallel
tangents to a circle with centre O and another tangent AB with point
of contact C intersects XY at A and X 'Y ' at B.
 In quad. APQB, we have
∠AP O =90°

and ∠BQO = 90° [∵ tangent at any point is perpendicular to the

radius through the point of contact]
Now, ∠AP O + ∠BQO + ∠QBC + ∠P AC = 360 ∘

⇒ ∠P AC + ∠QBC = 360
∘
−(∠AP O + ∠BQO) = 180
∘
...(i)
We have,
1
∠CAO = ∠P AC
2

and ∠CBO = ∠QBC [∵ tangents from an external point are equally

1

inclined to the line segment joining the centre to that point]

∴ ∠CAO + ∠CBO =
1

2
(∠P AC + ∠QBC) =
1

2
× 180
∘
= 90
∘
.....(ii)
In △AOB, we have
∘
∠CAO + ∠AOB + ∠CBO = 180

∘ ∘
⇒ 90 + ∠AOB = 180

∘
⇒ ∠AOB = 90

16. A triangle ABC is drawn to circumscribe a circle of radius 4 cm

such that the segments BD and DC into which BC is divided by the
point of contact D are of lengths 8 cm and 6 cm respectively (see
figure). Find the sides AB and AC.
Ans. : Join OE and OF. Also join OA, OB and OC.

Since BD = 8 cm
∴ BE = 8 cm

[Tangents from an external point to a circle are equal]

Since CD = 6 cm
∴ CF = 6 cm

[Tangents from an external point to a circle are equal]

Let AE = AF = x
Since OD = OE = OF = 4 cm [Radii of a circle are equal]
Semi-perimeter of ABC = = (x + 14)cm
(x +6)(x +8) + (6+8) (2x +28)
∴ △ =
2 2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
∴ Area of △ ABC =√s(s − a)(s − b) (s − c)
=
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
√(x + 14)(x + 14 − 14)(x + 14 − x + 8 )(x + 14 − x + 6 )

= √(x + 14)(x )(8)(6) cm 2

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−

Now, Area of ΔABC = Area of △ OBC + Area of △ OCA + Area of

△ OAB

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− (x + 6)4 (x + 8)4

=
(6+8)4
⇒ √(x + 14)(x )(8)(6) + +
2 2 2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
⇒ √(x + 14)(x )(8)(6) = 28 + 2x + 12 + 2x + 16
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
⇒ √(x + 14)(x )(8)(6) = 4x + 56
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
⇒√(x + 14)(x )(8)(6) =4(x + 14)
Squaring both sides,
(x + 14) (x) (6) (8) = 16(x + 14)2
⇒ 3x = x + 14

⇒ 2x = 14

⇒ x = 7
 ∴AB = x + 8 = 7 + 8 = 15 cm
And AC = x + 6= 7 + 6 = 13 cm
17. Let s denote the semi-perimeter of a triangle ABC in which BC
= a, CA = b, AB = c. If a circle touches the sides BC, CA, AB at
D, E, F, respectively, prove that BD = s – b.
Ans. : Given: A circle inscribed in △ABC touches the sides BC, CA and AB at D, E, F

respectively.

To prove: BD = s - b

Proof: tangents drawn from an external point to the circle are equal. vertices of

△ABC are in the exterior of circle. so,

AF = AE = x

BF = BD = y

CD = CE = z

Now, AB + BC + CA = c + a + b

⇒ AF + BF + BD + DC + AE + CE = a + b + c

⇒ x + y + y +z + x + z = a + b + c

⇒ 2x + 2y + 2z = a + b + c

⇒ 2(x + y + z) = a + b + c
a + b + c
⇒ x + y + z =
2

⇒ x + y + z = s [Given]

⇒ y = s - (x + z) ⇒ y = s - x - z

⇒ y = s - (AE + EC)

⇒ y = s - AC

⇒ BD = s - b

Hence, proved.

18. If an isosceles triangle ABC, in which AB = AC = 6cm, is

inscribed in a circle of radius 9cm, find the area of the
triangle.
Ans. :

In figure, △ABC has AB = AC = 6cm.

In △OAB and △OAC,

AB = AC [Given]

OA = OA [Common]

OB = OC [Radii of same circle]

∴ △OAB ≅△OAC

[By SSS criterion of congruence]

⇒ ∠1 = ∠2 [CPCT]

In △AMC and △AMB,

∠1 = ∠2 [Proved above]

AM = AC [Common]

AB = AC [Given]

∴ △AMB ≅△AMC [By SAS criterion of congruence]

∘
⇒ ∠AMB = ∠AMC = 90 [CPCT and Linear pair axiom]
1
Now, Area of △ABC = BC × AM
2

Let BM = x and AM = y,

then MO = OA - AM

⇒ MO = OA - AM

⇒ MO = 9 - y

In right angled △BMA and △BMO,

x2 + y2 = 62 ...(i) [By pythagoras theorem]

x2 + (9 - y)2 = 92

x2 + (9)2 + (y)2 - 2(9)(y) = 81

⇒ x2 + 81 + y2 - 18y = 81

⇒ x + y - 18y = 0 ...(ii)

Now, subtract (i) from (ii)

−36
⇒ y =
−18

⇒ y = 2cm ⇒ AM = 2cm

But, x2 + y2 = 36 [From (i)]

⇒ x2 + (-2) = 36

⇒ x2 = 36 - 4 = 32
−− –
⇒ x = √32 = 4√2cm
– –
∴ BC = 2x = 2 × 4√2 = 8√2cm

(∵ Perpendicular from centre to chord bisects the chord)

1
–
∴ Area of △ABC = × 2 × 8√2
2
– 2
⇒ Area of △ABC = 8√2cm

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