"INDUSTRIAL SECURITY"

Tos 1: describe the principles of organization, management, and administration of various law
enforcement and public safety.

Brief History of Police Organization

The term “Police” is derived from the word “POLITIA” which means “condition of a
state, government, and administration.” Politia, on the other hand, originated from Greek
words “Politeia” which also means government, citizenship, or the entire activity of a police.
During the Spanish regime, peace and order in a “pueblo” or community is maintained by the
Cuadrillos, Carabineros, and Guardia Civil. The Spaniards decided to recruit the services of
selected “Indios” who were trained as Local Guardia Civil. When the Americans took over from
the Spaniards, American Scouts controlled the peace and order in every town and cities within
the islands of the Philippines. Later on, they recruited and trained groups of Filipinos to
maintain peace and order in a given community.

“Section 1 – Constitution of the Integrated National Police – There is hereby

established and constituted the Integrated National Police which shall be composed of the
Philippine Constabulary as the NUCLEUS and the Integrated (National) Police Forces established
under the Department of National Defense.”

RA 6975: The Birth of the PNP

On December 13, 1990, the President of the Republic signed into law Republic Act 6975
creating the Philippine National Police (PNP). Incidental thereto, dissolving the Philippine
Constabulary whose officers; rank and file were given the privilege either to join the AFP or the
PNP within the period as provided therein. The Act was known as “An Act Establishing the
Philippine National Police Under a Reorganized Department of Interior and Local Government
and for Other Purposes”, which became effective on January 1, 1991.

RA 8551: Police Reform Act

On February 17, 1998, Republic Act 8551 entitled “The PNP Reform and Reorganization
Act of 1998” was enacted to amend certain provisions of RA 6975. Under this Act, the PNP shall
strengthened and shall evolve into a highly efficient and competent police force, that is
Community and Service Oriented and fully accountable in the performance of its functions.

CONCEPTS IN ORGANIZATION

An ORGANIZATION is a system of coordinating activities of a group of people working in

a concerted manner towards a common goal under ONE authority and leadership.

ORGANIZATION is the structure component of administration. It is normally structured

on a superior-subordinate relationship and therefore, authority is a universal element of all
organizations.

FOUR (4) PRIMAL CONDITIONS OF ORGANIZATIONS

1. Authority – this is the supreme source of governance for any particular organization.
It is the right exercise to decide and command by virtue of rank and position.
 2. Mutual Cooperation/Coordination/Consultation – an organization exist because it
serves a purpose beneficial to society. This becomes the social legitimacy for the
organization to perform its functions in the society.
3. Doctrine – this defines the organization’s objectives. It also provides the very source
of various actions which are performed to assure organizational coordination.
4. Discipline – understood as comprising behavioral regulations, it is impose either by
command or self-restraint to insure supportive behavior from people composing the
organization. Orders within the organization are enforced by a system of
punishments and rewards.

PRINCIPLES OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

1. Unity of Objective – an organization structure is effective if it enables individuals

to contribute to the organization/unit objectives.

2. Organizational Efficiency – an organization structure is effective if it is structured

to aid the accomplishment of the organization’s objectives with a minimum of
unsought consequences or costs.

3. The Scalar Principles – prescribes the vertical hierarchy of organizations. It defines

an unbroken chain or scale of units from top to bottom describing explicitly the
flow of authority. This principle demands the following conditions to achieve
effective coordination.

3.1 Unity of Command – it clearly defines hierarchical system a

subordinate is accountable to one and only one immediate superior. This
is indispensable to achieve effective coordination. Any violation of this
principle undermines authority, jeopardizes discipline, disturbs order and
threatens stability in the organization.

3.2 Span of Control – this relates to the number of subordinates a

Superior can effectively supervise. There is no determinate
mathematical ratio in superior-subordinate relationships. A satisfactory
span of control is instead determined by Four (4) Factors combined
situationally:

a. managerial ability of superior;

b. effectiveness of organizational communication system;
c. effectiveness of management control exercise over
operations; and
d. organizational philosophy on centralization versus
decentralization of authority and functions.

3.3 Delegation of Authority – the process is accomplished

through the delegation of authority. Scalar process refers to the growth
of the chain in command resulting in the creation of additional levels in
the organizational structure. Span-of-Control necessitates delegation of
authority.

4. Functional Principle – It prescribes the “horizontal” growth of the organization.

The growth referred to here is applicable to the LINE as well as to the emergence
of STAFF functions in organizations. The dynamic foundation of the functional
process is called the “division of labor.” It simply means the breaking up of work
into work-units to achieve specialization. As organization grows, the job must be
divided so that it won’t become so inclusive to an extent that it could hardly be
 performed. Such division must be defined to identify clear areas of specialization.
The reason for the division of work is to improve the operational performance of
the organization.

5. Line and Staff Principle – Organizations must provide an orderly arrangement of

functions so that objectives can be accomplished effectively. The Line-and-Staff
Principle provides two basic structures in organization – the line structure and
staff structure. This implies a system of varied functions arranged into a workable
pattern. Line organizations refer to the direct accomplishment of objectives. The
Staff organization, on the other hand, refers to the organization that is in an
advisory or facilitative capacity. Those having relatively unlimited authority over
those to whom orders are given are considered LINE OFFICIALS while those having
authority restricted to their functional area are called STAFF OFFICIALS.

6. Directorial Staff Principle – It prescribes the directorial authority of the directorate

in the national and regional headquarters levels and other equivalent units.
7. Principle of Balance – In every structure there is a need for balance. The
application of principles or techniques must be balanced to ensure the overall
effectiveness of the structure in meeting organization objectives.

8. Delegation by Results Expected – Authority delegated to all individual managers

should be adequate to ensure their ability to accomplish results expected.

9. Absoluteness of Responsibility – The responsibility of subordinates to their

superiors for performance is absolute, and superiors cannot escape responsibility
for the organization activities of their activities.

10. Parity of Authority and Responsibility - The responsibility for actions cannot be
greater than the implied by the authority delegated, nor should it be less.

11. Authority-Level Principle – Maintenance of intended delegation requires that

decisions within the authority of individual commander should be made by them
and not be referred upward in the organizational structure.

12. Principle of Flexibility – The more provisions are made for building flexibility in an
organizational structure, the more adequately an organizations structure can fulfill
its purpose.

13. Principle of Leadership Facilitation – The more an organization structure and its
delegation of authority enable leaders/commanders to design and maintain an
environment for performance the more they will help the leadership abilities of
those leaders/commanders.

NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE PNP

The PNP VISION, MISSION and FUNCTIONS

The VISION STATEMENT defines as desired future state to which all resources of the
organization are directed. It states that:
 “The men and women of the PNP are committed to the vision of a professional,
dynamic and highly motivated PNP working in a partnership with a responsive
community towards the attainment of a safe place to live, invest and do
business.”

On the other hand, the MISSION STATEMENT of the PNP defines its mandates which
are:

“to enforce the law, to prevent and control crimes, to maintain peace and
order, and insure public safety and internal security with the active support of
the community.”

FOUR LEVELS OF COMMAND IN THE PNP

1. PNP Command Group and Internal Affairs

The PNP Command Group is headed by the Chief PNP (Director General), who exercises
command and overall direction of the entire Philippine National Police force. He is assisted by
Two (2) Deputy Chiefs: One for Administration and One for Operations.

The Chief of Directorial Staff acts as the chief operations officer of the PNP. He directs,
supervises and coordinates the efforts of the directorial staff and all PNP units in the
performance of their assigned tasks and respective functions.

The Internal Affairs (IAS) assists the Chief PNP in ensuring operations readiness and
investigates infractions/violations of the regulations committed by members of the PNP. The
head of internal affairs is also known as Inspector General.

2. National Staff Directorate (Directorial Staff)

a. Directorate for Personnel and Records Management (DPRM) – Assist the Chief,
PNP in the management of PNP Uniformed and Non-uniformed personnel. Responsible for the
recruitment, selection, placement, assignment, promotion and retirement in the PNP;

b. Directorate for Human Resource and Doctrine Development

(DHRDD) – assist the Chief, PNP in planning and policy formulation pertaining to individual and
unit training, human resource and doctrine matters for the PNP;

c. Directorate for Comptrollership (DC) – assists the Chief, PNP in the

administration and management of all budget and finances of the PNP;

d. Directorate for Logistics (DL) – assists the Chief, PNP in the Policies, plans
and management of logistics in support of the tasks and functions of the PNP;

e. Directorate for Research & Development (DRD) – assists the Chief, PNP in
matters or research and development, test and evaluation of self-reliant projects
to include research on criminalistic equipment, standards for police uniforms
and paraphernalia for possible adoption of the PNP;

f. Directorate for Plans (DPL) – assists the Chief, PNP in areas of Planning and
programming and the conduct of strategic planning and organizational
development of the PNP;

g. Directorate for Police Community Relations (DPCR) - assists the Chief, PNP in the
formulation and implementation of police community relations Programs, projects
and activities to support the PNP;
 h. Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management (DIDM) - assists the
Chief, PNP in the coordination, control and management of crime investigation
and detection operations and activities;

i. Directorate for Intelligence (DI) – assists the Chief, PNP in the effective
management of all intelligence and counter intelligence activities to support the
mission and functions of the PNP;

j. Directorate for Operations (DO) – assists the Chief, PNP in the exercise of
Command and Control (C2), coordination and supervision of all police operations
including deployment/employment and law enforcement activities to attain the
goals and objectives of the PNP.

k. Directorate for Integrated Police Operations (DIPO)- in addition to DO, a DIPO for
Northern Luzon, Southern Luzon, Visayas, Western Mindanao and Eastern
Mindanao has been created. DIPO serves to coordinate and integrate all police
operational efforts in the areas covered by respective AOR of DIPO.

l. Directorate for Information and Communication Technology Management

(DICTM)- to assists the Chief PNP in the formulation and management supervision
of the information and communications technology requirements of the PNP. (this
is new directorate.

3. National Support Units (NSU’s) Level:

The PNP National Support Units (NSUs) are composed of Nine (9) Administrative Units
(AU) and Ten (10) Operational Units (OU).

a. Administrative Support Units:

Headquarters Support Service (HSS) - provides administrative, technical and general services
including security and welfare of the National Headquarters (NHQ) of the PNP in Camp Crame;
Logistics Support Service (LSS) - provides logistics support services to all PNP units nationwide.
Legal Service (LS) - provides legal assistance and service to Chief, PNP and to all PNP units and
personnel;
Finance Service (FS) - responsible for funds disbursement, accounting, and fiscal duties for the
PNP;
Information Technology Management Service (ITMS) - formerly known as Computer Service
(CS) provides computer data-base services and manage the information technology (IT) system
of the PNP;
Chaplain Service (CHS) - provides spiritual and moral services and counseling for all the officers
and personnel of the PNP;
Communications and Electronics Service (CES) - provides communications and electronic
technology and services in support to all PNP units;
Health Service (HS) - provides medical and dental services to all PNP members and their
relatives/dependents and qualified civilians; and
Engineering Service (ES) - responsible for the implementation of all engineering programs, land
acquisition and housing projects for the PNP.
Training Service (TS) - is a unit under the supervision of the DHRDD which conduct specialized
in-service training for the PNP.

b. Operational Support Units

2.1 Aviation Security Group (ASG) – responsible for the security

of all airports throughout the country and secure civil aviations
against all forms of hijacking and terrorism;
 2.2 Civil Security Group (CSG) – supervises and regulates the
Organizations and operations of all security guard organization,
private or company guard forces. It also supervises and controls
the licensing and issuance of firearms and explosives;
2.3 Crime Laboratory Group (CLG) – provides scientific and
technical investigative aids and services in support to the
mission and functions of the PNP;
2.4 Criminal Investigation and Detection Group – undertakes
investigation, monitoring of prosecution of all major crimes, to
include syndicated and organized crimes and those major felonies
under the Revised Penal Code;
2.5 Intelligence Group (IG) – conducts intelligence and counter-
Intelligence operations and activities in support to the mission
and functions of the PNP;
2.6 Maritime Group (MG) – responsible for the police functions
and security over Philippine territorial waters and rivers against
criminality and lawlessness thereof;
2.7 Police Community Relations Group (PCRG) – undertakes
and implements plans and programs to encourage community
and citizen participation in crime prevention, reduction and
suppression;
2.8 Police Security and Protection Group (PSPG) – provides
security detail to diplomatic community, foreign dignitaries and
guests, government officials and private VIP’s qualified for
protection;
2.9 Special Action Forces (SAF) – serves as mobile strike force to
augment regional, provincial and municipal police stations
against internal security operations (ISO), insurgency, terrorism,
anti-hijacking, hostage taking incidents and other crises
situations; and
2.10 Highway Patrol Group (HPG) – formerly Traffic Management Group
responsible for traffic law enforcement and undertake operations
and investigations against all crimes involving the use of
motor vehicles along the highways.

4. Major Subordinate Commands: PNP Main Operating Units

For the Main Operating Units (MOU), there are 17 Police Regional Offices (PRO)
nationwide geographically corresponding to regional subdivisions of the Country. Regions 1 –
13 including Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, and Quezon (CALABARZON) and Mindoro,
Marinduque Romblon and Palawan (MIMAROPA) police regional offices.

Directly under the 17 Police Regional Offices are 17 Regional Mobile Groups (now known
as Regional Manuever Company); 80 Police Provincial Offices; 20 City Police Offices in highly
urban centers which are equivalent to a Police Provincial Office.

The Police Provincial Offices have Provincial Mobile Group (now known as Provincial
Maneuver Platoon) to augment the internal security operations (ISO) of the province. The
prevailing peace and order condition in the area determines the assignment of more or less
police mobile groups.

Under the PPO are the component cities and municipal police offices/stations which
serve as the main operating arm of the PNP for law enforcement and maintenance of peace
and order.

II. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PNP

 Pursuant to Republic Act 6975, the PNP is vested with the following powers and
functions:
1. Enforce laws and ordinance relative to the protection of lives and properties;
2. Maintain peace and order and take all necessary steps to ensure public
safety;
3. Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of criminal offenders, bring
offenders to justice, and assist in their prosecution;
4. Exercise the general powers to make arrest, search and seizures in
accordance with the constitution and pertinent laws;
5. Detain the arrested person for a period not beyond what is prescribed by
law, informing of his rights under the constitution;
6. Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and explosives in accordance
with law;
7. Supervise and control the training and operations of security agencies and
issue licenses to operate security agencies, and to security guards and private
detectives, or the practice of their professions; and
8. Perform such other duties and exercise all other functions as may be
provided by law.

IMPORTANT TERMS TO REMEMBER IN POLICE ORGANIZATION

 Span of Control – the maximum number of subordinates at a given position that a

superior can supervise effectively;
 Unity of Command – the organization should be controlled be only ONE “BOSS” to
insure uniformity and unity of execution of orders;
 Delegation of Authority – conferring of certain specified authority by a superior
position onto a lower-level position;
 Hierarchy of authority – it is defined as the relationship between superiors and
subordinates in any given organization;
 Goals and Objectives – goals set forth a desired state of affairs to be achieved to
meet a societal need. Ex: Army created to defend/protect the nation; schools to
educate; hospital to take care of the sick; police to prevent crimes; etc.;
 Formal Communication – it is the process of sharing understanding and information
on common subjects. An intercourse through a channel between two or more
people by means of words, letters, symbols or messages for purposes of exchanging
facts, knowledge, ideas or opinions.
 Specialization of Tasks or Personnel – the assignment of particular personnel to a
particular task. It is characterized by specialization of jobs (areas of specialization)
and specialization of people (specialist).
 Specialization – the assignment of particular personnel to a particular task. It is
characterized by specialization of jobs (areas of specialization) and specialization of
people (specialists).
 Hierarchy of Authority – it is defined as the relationship between superiors and
subordinates in any given organization.
 Line, Staff and Auxiliary Functions – line functions are the backbones of the police
organization. Ex: patrol, investigation, traffic, intelligence, juvenile control.

Line Function – carry-out the major purposes of the police department;

delivering the services provided by the department; dealing directly with the clientele;

Staff Functions – are designed to support the functions e.g.

research, planning, legal, internal affairs, etc;

Auxiliary Functions – involve the logistical operations including records,

communications, jail service, maintenance and transportations.
 Note: The Line, Staff and Auxiliary are known as the tripartite classification of functions.

4. The CHAIN-OF-COMMAND – A unit director exercises his authority and responsibility

through a “chain-of-command.” A chain of command is consist of three different levels of
follow:

a. The Top Echelon – the top-most level where the overall responsibility and
authority whereby subordinate commands and units are placed. The Command
Group composed of the Chief, PNP (C,PNP); the Deputy Chief for Administration
(DCA); the Deputy Chief for Operations (DCO); and the Chief of the Directorial
Staff (TCDS);

b. The Middle Echelon – the next lower echelon constitutes such subordinate
command units apportioned by the commander in order to accomplish his tasks.
The National Support Units (NSU), regional, provincial, city, district police offices
compose the MIDDLE ECHELON. This echelon is further categorized below:

i. Top Middle Echelon – NSUs, Regional Offices;

ii. Intermediary Middle Echelon – Provincial/City Police Offices; and
iii. Lower Middle Echelon – Provincial/City District Offices.

c. The Lower Echelon – the lower echelon is comprised of the subordinate units
further apportioned by subordinate commanders, such as the City and Municipal
Police Stations.

GUIDELINES IN STRUCTURING COMMAND ORGANIZATIONS

1. Division of Work – refers to the breaking up work or function into its fundamental
component part to increase specialization at the lower levels of command.

2. Goal Orientation – the grouping of functions should be oriented towards the

accomplishment of the goals of the organization.

3. Levels of Authority – should be minimal if possible so that the chain-of-command

will be shortened.

4. Simplicity – an organization must be structured simply to be lean and mean.

5. Unity of Command – means that a subordinate is responsible only one commander

and orders that come from the top echelon must be the same orders to be passed
on the lowest echelon in the organization. It is important that only one man be in
complete command of each situation and that only one man be in direct command
or supervision of each officer.

6. Responsibility and Authority – areas of responsibility should be clearly defined and

the location of authority logically established at every level in the organization.

7. Span of Control – the ability of one man to direct, coordinate and control immediate
subordinates. There are two kinds of span-of-control: broad and limited span of
control.

8. Balance and Symmetry – balance and symmetry in organizational structuring should

be observed with the other principles or organization.
 9. Equality – responsibility comes when there is commensurate authority and vice-
versa to specify limits so that abuse of power of authority will be prevented.

10. Homogeneity – homogenous or similar grouping of work should give way to

necessary division where grouping will result in placing together works which by
their nature are incompatible.

11. Duplication and Overlap – overlapping of function of work and duties should
continually be avoided because of responsibility of several units, actually results to
responsibility of no one.

OTHER ORGANIZATIONAL TERMINOLOGY

To fully understand an organization and its structure and components or

parts, the following terminologies are defined:

 Chief Superintendent (Chief of Police);

 Senior Superintendent (Deputy Chief);
 Superintendent (Division Chief);
 Chief Inspector (Assistant Division Chief);
 Senior Inspector (Section Chief);
 Inspector (Unit chief);
 Senior Police Officer (Shift-In-Charge); and
 Police Officer (Patrol Officer/Detective).

TITLES OF ORGANIZATIONAL UNITS

Functional Units: Functional divisions of the department are described in the following
terms:

1. BUREAU - the largest organic unit within a large department. Each Bureau is
comprised of a number of divisions.

2. DIVISION – a primary subdivision of a bureau or of the Chief. A division has a

department-wide function either for general police service or for specialized activity.

3. SECTION – functional units within a division.

4. UNIT – when further specialization is needed, the section can be divided further into
units.

5. TERRITORIAL UNITS – territorial divisions of the department are described as

follows:

5.1 Post – a fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned

for duty, such as an intersection or crosswalk for traffic duty; a
spot or location for general duty, observation and surveillance or
for the apprehension of a wanted person or about to commit a
crime; or the designated desk or office.
 5.2 Route – a length of street or streets, designated for patrol
purposes. A route is most frequently used for assignment of
traffic officers or assignment for foot patrol officers.

5.3 Beat – an area, in contrast to a route, assigned for patrol

purposes, whether foot or motorized. It is also sometimes used
for the assignment of motorized traffic officers instead of a route

5.4 Sector – an area containing two or more beats, routes or posts.

The squad of officers assigned to a sector is headed by a
sergeant.

5.5 District – a geographical subdivision of the city for patrol

purposes usually with its own station. A district is usually
headed by a captain.

5.6 Area – A section or territorial division of a large city each

comprised of a designated districts headed by an area
commander.

TOS 1.2: carry out the powers and functions of the following major law enforcement and
public safety agencies: pnp, nbi, pdea, pcg, bfp, and bid.

The major law enforcement and public safety agencies in the Philippines, PNP, NBI,
PDEA, PCG, BFP, and BID, each have distinct yet complementary roles in maintaining
order and public safety. PNP enforces laws, maintains peace and order, and ensures
public safety. NBI investigates crimes and other offenses. PDEA focuses on enforcing
laws related to dangerous drugs and controlled substances. PCG enforces maritime laws
and ensures safety at sea. BFP prevents and suppresses fires. BID focuses on customs
and border enforcement.

1. PNP (Philippine National Police):

Function: Enforces all laws and ordinances, maintains peace and order, and ensures
public safety.
Powers: Arrest, search, and seizure.

2. NBI (National Bureau of Investigation):

Function: Investigates and detects crimes and other offenses, renders technical
assistance in investigations.
Powers: Investigate crimes, conduct searches, arrests, and seizures.

3. PDEA (Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency):

Function: Enforces laws on dangerous drugs and precursors.
Powers: Arrest, apprehend, search, seize, and destroy illegal drugs.

4. PCG (Philippine Coast Guard):

Function: Enforces maritime laws, conducts maritime law enforcement, and ensures
maritime safety.
Powers: Board and inspect vessels, conduct maritime search and seizure, and enforce
laws.

5. BFP (Bureau of Fire Protection):

Function: Prevents and suppresses fires, ensures public safety through fire prevention.
Powers: Fire prevention, suppression, and investigation.

6. BID (Bureau of Internal Revenue):

Function: Enforces customs and border enforcement laws, and collects taxes.
Powers: Inspect goods, prevent smuggling, and enforce customs laws.
In summary:

The PNP, NBI, PDEA, PCG, BFP, and BID work together to maintain law and order,
investigate crimes, enforce laws, ensure public safety, and protect national borders and
maritime interests.

Tos 1:3 Assess the efficiency of the policing

system in the law enforcement
(POP)

MODELS OF POLICINGAccording to approach;

1. Problem - Oriented Policing- A model of policing which is focused in preventing

crime from happening.- This policing model involves detectives monitoring for patterns
of crime to help understand whenand how crimes are being committed.- has an
emphasis on trying and prevent crime from happening. This policing model has
detectiveswatching for patterns in crimes to help understand when and how crimes are
being committed. Oncethey have a pattern, they will search for ways in which to help
prevent crimes from continuing tohappen in those areas.- This model has more of a
proactive stance than the traditional policingmodels do.

2. Community-Oriented Policing- focuses on police building ties and working closely with
members of the communities within theirAOR. The ofÏcers will make their presence
known and also rely on community members toreport any suspicious behavior or tips
on criminals in the area.This method creates a relationship andengenders an element of
trust.

3. Intelligence- LED Policing- It draws upon the notion that the police can do know a
great deal about offending patterns.- The Police should actively gather information
about criminals and their organization.- The focus is on crime alone- The means used
are enforcement and disruption of criminal groups
 4. Reactive or Traditional Policing- Can be defined as the police responding to specific
request from the individual or groups in thecommunity.- the opposite of Pro Active
policing.- Patrol OfÏcers have little interaction with the citizens within their greater AOR
and respond tocrimes at various points in the city, rather than a fixed area. OfÏcers’
barely know anyone in theareas where they are responding nor do the citizens
know the ofÏcers. Also, under this type ofpolicing, there is nothing in place to try to
prevent crime from occurring. It’s a response based“supply and demand” policing
system,similar to the Fire Service

5. Pro Active Policing- Aggressive law enforcement style in which patrol ofÏcers take the
initiative against crime instead ofwaiting for criminals acts to occur.

6. Predictive policing- refers to the usage of predictive and analytical techniques in

law enforcement to identifypotential offenders.- Includes predictive and analytical
techniques in law enforcement to identify potential offenders- It is the usage of
mathematical predictive and analytical techniques to identify possible criminalactivity

7. Centralized Policing System- A system wherein there is only one police force that is
recognized and operates entire a certaincountry

8. Decentralized Policing System- A police system wherein police administration and

operation are independent from one state toanother.- It is more applicable to
countries with federal government.

Tos: Explain the RA No. 11917 related to

operation and management and
Practice profession

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 1. Short Title. — This Act shall be known as "The Private Security Services Industry Act."

Section 2. Declaration of Policies. — The State recognizes the vital role of the private sector in
the protection of the people and safeguarding of property as well as maintenance of peace and
order in the country.

Towards this end, the State shall adopt measures to strengthen the regulation of the private
security services industry and establish quality standards to ensure competent private security
personnel and professionals that complement our law enforcement authorities in preservation
of public order in the country.

Section 3. Definition of Terms. — As used in this Act:

(a) License to Exercise Security Profession (LESP) refers to a permit issued by the Chief of the
Philippine National Police (PNP) or the duly authorized representative, recognizing a natural
person to be qualified to perform the duties as security professional or training personnel;

(b) License to Operate (LTO) refers to a permit issued by the Chief PNP or the duly authorized
representative, certifying and authorizing a person to engage in employing and deploying
security guards, K9 teams, protection agents, private detectives and other licensed specialized
security personnel; or a juridical person to establish, engage, direct, manage or operate a
private detective agency or private security agency or company guard force after payment of
the prescribed dues or fair and reasonable fees and after complying with all the requirements
as provided by the rules and regulations implementing this Act;
(c) Pre-Licensing Training Programs refer to licensing pre-requisite and pre-licensing training
programs that include all training and academic programs and courses with the objective to
indoctrinate the individual with the basic skills and educational backgrounds necessary in the
effective exercise and performance of the security and detective profession. These include, but
are not limited to, the Basic Security Guard Course and the Security Officers Training Course;

(d) Private Security Agency (PSA) refers to any person, natural or juridical, who contracts,
recruits, furnishes or posts any security guard, to perform its functions or solicit individuals,
businesses, firms, or private, public or government-owned or -controlled corporations (GOCCs)
to engage its service or those of its security guards, for hire, commission or compensation
through subscription or as a consultant/trainer to any private or public corporation whose
business or transactions involve national security or interest like the operation and/or
management of domestic or ocean vessels, airplanes, helicopters, seaports, airports, heliports,
landing strips among others or as consultant on any security related matter, or to provide highly
specialized security, private escort, detective and investigation services like gangway security,
catering security, passenger profiling, baggage examination, providing security on board vessels
or aircraft, or other security needs that the PNP may approve;

(e) Private Security Industry refers to the industry that is engaged in providing security
consultancy, management, administration, operation, and provision of private or company
watchman, guarding, investigative work, security training, K9 security, armored vehicle security
services, alarm system monitoring services, closed-circuit television (CCTV) suppliers and other
providers of security hardware, security hardware operation, personal protection services, or
security consultant;

(f) Private Security Professional (PSP) refers to a person who is issued a valid LESP of any
classification or category, issued by the designated government agency after satisfying all the
qualifications and requirements set forth by this law and its implementing rules and
regulations. It includes security watchmen, security guards, security officers, personal security
escorts, private investigators, training officers and directors, K9 handlers, K9 administrators, K9
evaluators, K9 trainers, kennel masters and other certified or licensed security service providers
rendering or performing security, investigation, security escorting services, security hardware
planners and systems designers, security hardware operators, security managers, security
consultants whether employed by private security agencies, private corporations, government
agencies or independently practicing or providing professional security services;

(g) Private Security Services refer to the act of providing or rendering security services for
compensation pursuant to mutually agreed terms of reference and contract and shall include
the act of providing or rendering services to watch an establishment, whether public or private,
building, compound/area or property, to conduct access control/denial in any form whether
physically, manually or scientifically by electronic monitoring systems, for the purpose of
securing such area/property and at the same time ensuring safety and protection of persons
within such areas, to maintain peace and order within such areas, to conduct private security
training, and/or to conduct investigation. It shall also include the act of contracting, recruiting,
training, furnishing or posting any security guard, to do its functions or solicit individuals,
businesses, firms, or private, public or GOCCs to engage its service or those of its security
guards, for hire, commission or compensation through subscription or as a consultant/trainer to
any private or public corporation;

(h) Private Security Training Agency (PSTA) refers to any person, natural or juridical, who
engages in the business of providing training and academic programs and courses duly
approved and prescribed by the PNP and adopted by the Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA). It includes the training for pre-licensing requirements of
individual security guards and other security professionals, the periodic and non-periodic in-
services skill refreshers for such security personnel, and other specialized, individual or group,
private security personnel skills development;
(i) Security Consultant refers to a security professional authorized by law to provide security
services such as design and formulation of a security plan, threat and vulnerability assessment,
resiliency planning, security surveying, security auditing, risk management, travel security
training, event security planning and management, emergency and incident planning and
management, crisis management, business continuity and other services related to the
formulation of security-related solutions other than providing guards and watchmen;

(j) Security Hardware refers to any mechanical or electrical device, which is designed and used
for the detection of an unauthorized entry into a facility, for alerting others of the commission
of an unlawful or unauthorized act within a building, structure or facility, identification and
screening, control, repel and prevent entry of persons and vehicles of person and materials,
recording and documentation of activities and events, repel and prevent aggression to a person
or a facility; and

(k) Security Hardware and Systems Designers and Planners refer to the security professionals
who specialize in the design of security systems using a combination of security software and
hardware to address security requirements of a facility and the training for their operation and
maintenance