PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATION, MANAGEMENT AND

ADMINISTRATION

ORGANIZATION
-It is a form of human association for the attainment of a goal or objective.
-It is the process of identifying and grouping the work to be performed, defining and
delegating responsibility and authority establishing relationships for the purpose of enabling
people work objectively.

THE PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATION

1. Principle of unity of objectives - every police officer should play their part in attaining the
objectives of their organization. Thus, in performing their functions, police officers must be
motivated by a common thing- that is to accomplish the mission of the police organization.
2. Principle of Organizational efficiency - organization structure is effective if it is structured in
such a way to aid the accomplishment of the organization’s objectives with a minimum cost.
3. Scalar Principle - shows the vertical hierarchy of the organization which defines an unbroken
chain of units from top to bottom describing explicitly the flow of authority.
4. Functional Principle - refers to division of work according to type, place, time and
specialization. Work must be divided into its component parts so that Employees may specialize
in a limited area.
5. Line and Staff Principle -implies that a system of varied functions, arrange into a workable
pattern. The line organization is responsible for the direct accomplishment of the objectives
while the staff is responsible for support, advisory or facilitative capacity.
6. Principle of Balance - states that the application of principles must be balanced to ensure the
effectiveness of the structure in meeting organization’s objectives. Being the head of the patrol
division, if you apply the principles of organization, application must be balanced to ensure the
effectiveness of the patrol force in accomplishing its objectives
7. Principle of delegation by results - states that authority delegated should be adequate to
ensure the ability to accomplish expected results.
8. Principles of Absoluteness of Responsibility - explains that the responsibility of the
subordinates to their superior for performance is absolute(unconditional) and the superior
cannot escape accountability or responsibility for the organization on activities performed by
their subordinates.
9. Principle of Parity and responsibility - explains that responsibility of the superior officer for
the action of his subordinates cannot be greater than that implied by the authority he has
delegated nor should it be less.
10. Authority level principle - implies that decisions within the authority of individual
commander should be made by them and not be returned upward in the organizational
structure. Authority is the right to command or control the behavior of employees in lower
positions within an organizational hierarchy.
11. Principle of Flexibility - this is the principle which states that there is higher tendency that
the PNP can fulfill its purpose if the organization receives more provisions for flexibility
(adaptability).

Principles of Administration

1. Unity of Command: Ensures that each officer reports to only one supervisor, preventing
conflicting instructions and maintaining clear lines of authority. This principle is crucial during
operations where quick decision-making and coordination are essential.
2. Chain of Command: Establishes a hierarchical structure from top executives to front-line
officers. This structure facilitates effective communication, delegation of authority, and
accountability. It ensures that decisions are made at appropriate levels and that responsibilities
are clearly defined.
3. Division of Work: Involves specialization based on roles and skills (e.g., detectives, patrol
officers, forensic experts). This principle allows officers to focus on specific tasks, enhancing
efficiency and expertise in handling various aspects of law enforcement operations.
4. Authority and Responsibility: Clearly defines the right to command (authority) and the
obligation to perform assigned duties (responsibility). For instance, a police chief has the
authority to set policies and directives, while officers have the responsibility to enforce laws
and maintain public safety within their jurisdictions.
5. Discipline: Involves adherence to rules, regulations, and ethical standards. Discipline ensures
that officers conduct themselves professionally, follow procedures, and uphold legal and ethical
standards during interactions with the public and colleagues.
6. Centralization and Decentralization: Centralization of decision-making at higher levels (e.g.,
strategic planning, major policy decisions) ensures consistency and alignment with
organizational goals. Decentralization allows for local decision-making in operational matters
(e.g., responding to incidents), empowering front-line officers to adapt to specific situations
while maintaining overall control and coordination.
7. Scalar Chain: Establishes a clear line of communication and authority from top management
to front-line officers. This chain ensures that information and orders flow efficiently and
accurately throughout the organization, facilitating effective coordination and response during
emergencies or critical incidents.
8. Equity: Ensures fair treatment of officers and staff based on established rules and
procedures. Equity promotes morale, trust, and commitment within the organization, fostering
a positive work environment and reducing grievances or disputes.
9. Espirit de Corps: Cultivates a sense of camaraderie, loyalty, and unity among officers. This
principle emphasizes teamwork, mutual support, and shared commitment to the mission of
maintaining public safety and upholding the rule of law.
10. Initiative: Encourages officers at all levels to take proactive steps to address community
needs, prevent crime, and enhance public trust. Initiative promotes innovation, problem-
solving, and continuous improvement within law enforcement practices and strategies.
11. Remuneration: Involves fair compensation, benefits, and recognition for officers and staff.
Competitive salaries, performance-based incentives, and career advancement opportunities are
crucial for attracting, retaining, and motivating talented individuals in law enforcement careers.
12. Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest: Emphasizes that individual actions
and decisions should align with the broader goals and priorities of the organization. Officers
prioritize public safety, justice, and the rule of law over personal interests or preferences,
ensuring effective and ethical law enforcement practices.
13. Order: Refers to the systematic arrangement of activities, resources, and procedures within
the organization. Maintaining order ensures operational efficiency, coordination of resources
during emergencies, and compliance with legal and regulatory requirements.
14. Unity of Direction: Ensures that all officers and units work towards common objectives and
strategies set by top management. Unity of direction aligns individual efforts with
organizational goals, enhances coordination, and maximizes the effectiveness of law
enforcement operations and initiatives.
15. Stability of Tenure of Personnel: Involves providing job security and opportunities for
professional development. Stable tenure reduces turnover, promotes continuity in leadership
and institutional knowledge, and enhances the effectiveness and morale of law enforcement
personnel.

MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION

According to Theo Haimann, “Administration means overall determination of policies, setting of

major objectives, the identification of general purposes and laying down of broad programmes
and projects”. It refers to the activities of higher level. It lays down basic principles of the
enterprise.

According to Newman, “Administration means guidance, leadership and control of the efforts
of the groups towards some common goals”.

Management is an art of getting things done through others by directing their efforts towards
achievement of pre-determined goals. It is concerned with formulation of broad objectives,
plans and policies.

BASIS MANAGEMENT ADMINISTRATION

Meaning It is an art of getting things done It is concerned with formulation of
through others by directing their broad objectives, plans and policies.
efforts towards achievement of pre-
 determined goals.
Nature It is an executing function. It is a decision-making function.
Process Decides who should do it and how Decides what is to be done and when it
should he do it. is to be done.
Function It is a doing function because It is a thinking function because plans
managers get work done under their and policies are determined under it.
supervision.
Skills Technical and Human skills Conceptual and Human skills

ADMINISTRATION VS. MANAGEMENT

Administration Management
Determine of objectives Plans and actions
Take major decisions about over enterprise Doing an executive function
Planning and organizing involved Take decisions within the framework set by the
Coordinate finance, production and distribution admin
Involves implementation of the policies, Motivating and controlling functions involved
procedures, rules and regulations as set up by the Uses administration for the achievement of the
management. targets fixed by administration
A type of cooperative human effort that has a Involves operations of the organization
high degree of rationality Management in an organization involves:
A process which goals are achieved collective and Planning; Designing; Initiating actions; Monitoring
cooperative human effort in a suitable activities and demanding results on the basis of
environment. allocated resources.

Nature of Management:
1. Goal-oriented
2. Integrates Human, Physical and Financial Resources
3. Continuous
4. Pervasive
5. Group Activity

Functions of Management
1. Planning -It is the basic function of management. It deals with chalking out a future
course of action and deciding in advance the most appropriate course of actions for
achievement of pre-determined goals.
2. Organizing -It is the process of bringing together physical, financial and human resources
and developing productive relationship amongst them for achievement of organizational
goals.
3. Staffing -It is the function of manning the organization structure and keeping it manned.
Staffing has assumed greater importance in the recent years due to advancement of
technology, increase in size of business, complexity of human behavior etc. The main
purpose of staffing is to put right man on right job.
4. Directing -It is that part of managerial function which actuates the organizational
methods to work efficiently for achievement of organizational purposes. It is considered
life-spark of the enterprise which sets it in motion the action of people because
planning, organizing and staffing are the mere preparations for doing the work
E.O. 292: A Foundation for Organization

Executive Order No. 292, otherwise known as the Administrative Code of 1987,
provides a broad framework for the organization and operation of the Philippine
government, including law enforcement and public safety agencies.
It establishes general principles, policies, and procedures for the civil service, but it
does not delve into the specific structure and functions of individual agencies.

Specific Laws and Agencies

While E.O. 292 offers a general framework, the specific organization and functions
of law enforcement and public safety agencies are primarily defined by their respective
enabling laws and subsequent regulations.

Major Law Enforcement and Public Safety Agencies and Their Governing
Laws:

 Philippine National Police (PNP): Governed by the Philippine National Police Act of
1991 (Republic Act No. 6975), the PNP is the primary law enforcement agency in
the Philippines. It has a hierarchical structure, with the Director General as the chief
executive officer.

 Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP): Governed by the National Defense Act of
1935 (Commonwealth Act No. 1), the AFP is responsible for the defense of the state
and has a military chain of command. It also plays a role in public safety, particularly
in times of national emergency.

 Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP): Governed by the Fire Code of the Philippines
(Republic Act No. 9263), the BFP is responsible for fire protection and prevention. It
has a hierarchical structure similar to the PNP.

 Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP): Governed by Republic Act No.
9263, the BJMP is responsible for the management and control of all district, city,
and municipal jails. It has a hierarchical structure.

 Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA): Governed by Republic Act No. 9165,
the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, the PDEA is the lead agency in
the government's anti-drug campaign. It has a centralized organizational structure.

Other Relevant Laws:

 Local Government Code: This law grants local government units (LGUs) the power
to establish their own police forces (municipal and city police) and fire departments.
 Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012: This law created the Cybercrime Investigation
and Coordinating Center (CICC) to address cybercrime-related offenses.

Comparison and Distinctions

 E.O. 292 provides a broad framework for the civil service, including law enforcement
and public safety personnel.

 Specific laws such as the Philippine National Police Act, the Fire Code, and the
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act define the structure, functions, and powers of
individual law enforcement and public safety agencies.

 The Local Government Code empowers LGUs to establish their own police and fire
departments, leading to variations in organizational structures at the local level.

In essence, while E.O. 292 serves as a foundational law, the specific organization and
operations of law enforcement and public safety agencies are primarily governed by
their respective enabling laws and regulations.

ORGANIZATION OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND PUBLIC

SAFETY AGENCIES
The Philippines has a multi-faceted approach to law enforcement and public safety, with various
agencies tasked with specific responsibilities. These agencies operate under the framework of
Executive Order 292 (1987), which outlines their organization, powers, and functions. Key
agencies include the Philippine National Police (PNP), Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
(BJMP), Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP), Bureau of Corrections (BuCor), National Bureau of
Investigation (NBI), Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA), and the Armed Forces of the
Philippines (AFP).

DILG DOJ DND Office of the DOT

(Department of (Department of (Department of President (Department of
the Interior and Justice) National Transportation)
Local Defense)
Government)
 PNP  NBI  AFP  PDEA  LTO
 BFP  BUCOR
 BJMP

1. PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE

-The PNP is a line and staff organization because its structure is the combination of the
line and staff or functional organizations. In this type of organization, the officers below
have to wait a command or order from the top. The PNP is composed of a national
office, regional offices, provincial offices, district offices and city municipal stations. The
PNP maintain its national office in metropolitan manila where it houses the directorial
staff, service staff and special support units.

The Powers and Functions of the PNP

1. Enforcement of all laws and ordinances
2. Maintain peace and order
 3. Investigation and prevention of crimes
4. To make arrest, search and seizure
5. Detain arrested persons in accordance with law
6. Issue licenses for firearms and explosives
7. Supervises and control the operation of PSA
8. Perform other duties as required by law

Rank Classification
1. Police General
2. Police Lieutenant General
3. Police Major General
4. Police Brigadier General
5. Police Colonel
6. Police Lieutenant Colonel
7. Police Major
8. Police Captain
9. Police Lieutenant
10. Police Executive Master Sergeant
11. Police Chief Master Sergeant
12. Police Senior Master Sergeant
13. Police Master Sergeant
14. Police Staff Sergeant
15. Police Corporal
16. Patrolman/Patrolwoman

2. Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)

Organizational Structure

 Leadership: The BJMP is headed by a Chief (Director) who oversees the operations of the
agency.
 Support Staff: Two Deputy Chiefs (for Administration and Operations) assist the Chief,
along with a Chief of Directorial Staff.
 Field Units: The BJMP manages various jails across the country, including Provincial,
District, City, and Municipal Jails.

Powers and Functions

 The BJMP is responsible for the custody and rehabilitation of individuals detained in city
and municipal jails.
 It implements programs aimed at the rehabilitation of inmates, promoting their reintegration
into society.
 The agency ensures the security, order, and humane treatment of inmates.

Rank Classification
1. Director
2. Chief Superintendent
3. Senior Superintendent
4. Superintendent
5. Chief Inspector
6. Senior Inspector
7. Inspector
8. Senior Jail Officer 4
9. Senior Jail Officer 3
10. Senior Jail Officer 2
11. Senior Jail Officer 1
12. Jail Officer 3
13. Jail Officer 2
14. Jail Officer 1

3. Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)

Organizational Structure

 Leadership: The BFP is led by a Chief (Director) who oversees fire safety and suppression
efforts nationwide.
 Divisions: The agency includes various divisions, such as Operations, Administration, and
Fire Safety Inspection.

Powers and Functions

 The BFP is tasked with fire prevention, suppression, and investigation.

 It conducts fire safety inspections and public education campaigns to raise awareness about
fire hazards.
 The agency responds to fire emergencies and conducts rescue operations.

Rank Classification
1. Fire General (Director)
2. Fire Lieutenant General (Chief Superintendent)
3. Fire Major General (Senior Superintendent)
4. Fire Brigadier General (Superintendent)
5. Fire Colonel (Chief Inspector)
6. Fire Lieutenant Colonel (Senior Inspector)
7. Fire Inspector
8. Senior Fire Officer IV
9. Senior Fire Officer III
10. Senior Fire Officer II
11. Senior Fire Officer I
12. Fire Officer III
13. Fire Officer II
14. Fire Officer 1

4. Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)

Organizational Structure

 Leadership: The BuCor is headed by a Director, who manages various correctional facilities.
 Institutions Managed: The agency oversees the National Penitentiary, Correctional
Institution for Women, and regional prisons.
Powers and Functions

 The BuCor manages the incarceration and rehabilitation of convicted individuals.

 It implements rehabilitation programs aimed at reforming inmates and preparing them for
reintegration into society.
 The agency oversees parole and probation services.

Rank Classification
Director
Deputy Director General
Assistant Director General
Chief Superintendent
Senior Superintendent
Superintendent
Chief Inspector
Senior Inspector
Inspector
Correctional Senior Officer 4
Correctional Senior Officer 3
Correctional Senior Officer 2
Correctional Senior Officer 1
Correctional Officer 3
Correctional Officer 2
Correctional Officer 1

5. National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)

Organizational Structure

 Leadership: The NBI is led by a Director, supported by various divisions specializing in

different types of investigations.
 Divisions: Cybercrime, Anti-Illegal Drugs, and Forensic Services.

Powers and Functions

 The NBI investigates major crimes and conducts intelligence operations to support law
enforcement efforts.
 It provides assistance to local law enforcement agencies in complex cases.
 The agency conducts forensic investigations and technical support for criminal cases.
Rank Classification

1. Director
2. Deputy Director
3. Assistant Director
4. Regional Director
5. Assistant Regional Director
6. Head Agent
7. Supervising Agent
8. Senior Agent
9. Investigation Agent III

6. Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA)

Organizational Structure

 Leadership: The PDEA is headed by a Director General, with various divisions focusing on
drug law enforcement.
 Divisions: Includes divisions for intelligence, operations, and community relations.

Powers and Functions

 The PDEA enforces the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act, targeting illegal drug
activities.
 It conducts operations against drug trafficking and distribution networks.
 The agency implements drug prevention and education programs to raise awareness about
the dangers of drug abuse.

Rank Classification

1. Director General
2. Deputy Director General
3. Assistant Director General
4. Superintendent
5. Chief Inspector
6. Senior Inspector
7. Inspector
8. PDEA Intelligence Officer IV
9. PDEA Intelligence Officer III
10. PDEA Intelligence Officer II
11. PDEA Intelligence Officer I

7. Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)

Organizational Structure
 Leadership: The AFP is led by the Chief of Staff, who oversees the three major branches:
Army, Navy, and Air Force.
 Branches: Each branch has its own command structure, including various divisions and
units.

Powers and Functions

 The AFP is responsible for national defense, protecting the sovereignty of the state against
external threats.
 It conducts military operations, peacekeeping missions, and disaster response operations.
 The AFP also supports civil authorities during emergencies and natural disasters.

Rank Classification
1. Chief of Staff (General)
2. Lieutenant General
3. Major General
4. Brigadier General
5. Colonel
6. Lieutenant Colonel
7. Major
8. Captain
9. First Lieutenant
10. Second Lieutenant
11. First Chief Master Seargent
12. Senior Master Sergeant
13. Master Sergeant
14. Technical Sergeant
15. Staff Sergeant
16. Sergeant
17. Corporal
18. Private First Class
19. Private

Relate and adapt the powers, function, and organizational structures

of various law enforcement and public safety agencies
DILG - Department of the Interior and Local Government

-executive department of the Philippine government responsible for promoting peace and order,
ensuring public safety and strengthening local government capability aimed towards the effective
delivery of basic services to the citizenry.

3 Branches

1. PNP (Philippine National Police)

2. BFP ( Bureau of Fire Protection)
3. BJMP (Bureau of Jail Management and Penology)

PNP (Philippine National Police)

28th Chief of the National Police
Rommel Marbil (current April 01, 2024)

12 Operational support units

1. Maritime Group (MG)- responsible to perform all police functions over Philippine
Territorial waters, lakes, and rivers along coastal areas to include ports and harbors and
small islands for the security and the sustainability development of the maritime
environment.
2. Intelligence Group (IG)- serves as the intelligence and counter-intelligence operating
unit of the PNP.
3. Police Security and Protection Group (PSPG)- provides security to government vital
installations, government officials, visiting dignitaries and private individuals authorized
to be given protection.
4. Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG)- group monitors, investigates,
prosecutes all crimes involving economic sabotage and conducts organized- crime –
control
5. Special Action Force (SAF)- a mobile strike force or a reaction unit to augment regional,
provincial, municipal and city police force for civil disturbance control, internal security
operations, hostage-taking rescue operations, search and rescue in times of natural
calamities, disasters and national emergencies
6. Aviation Security Group (AVEGROUP)- group provides security to all airports throughout
the country.
7. Highway Patrol Group (HPG)- enforces the traffic laws and regulations, promote safety
along the highways, enhances traffic safety consciousness through inter- agency
cooperation
8. Police-Community Relations Group (PCRG)- group undertakes and orchestrates Police
Community Relations program and activities in partnership with concerned government
agencies.
9. Civil Security Group (CSG)- regulates business operations and activities of all organized
private detectives, watchmen, security guards/agencies and company guard forces. It
also supervises the licensing and registration of firearms and explosives.
10. Crime Laboratory (CL)- provides scientific and technical, investigative aide and support
to the PNP and other investigative agencies. It provides crime laboratory examination,
evaluation and identification of physical evidence.
 11. PNP Anti-Kidnapping Group (PNP-AKG)- serves as the primary unit of the PNP in
addressing kidnapping menace in the country and in handling hostage situations.
12. PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group (PNP- ACG)- responsible for the implementation of
pertinent laws on cybercrimes and anti-cybercrime campaigns of the PNP.

DOJ- Department of justice

- responsible for upholding the rule of law in the Philippines.
- It is the government's principal law agency, serving as its legal counsel and prosecution arm

1. BUCOR (Bureau of Corrections)

- charged with the custody and rehabilitation of national offenders.
2. NBI (National Bureau of Investigation)
-responsible for handling and solving major high-profile cases that are in the interest of
the nation.

DND (Department of National Defense)

- executive department of the Philippine government responsible for guarding against external
and internal threats to peace and security in the country.

1. AFP- Armed forces of the Philippines

-military forces of the Philippines.
4 Branches
1. PHILIPPINE ARMY- responsible for ground warfare
2. PHILIPPINE NAVY - Responsible for the Philippine waters and territories
3. PHILIPPINE AIR FORCE - responsible for the aerial territories
Philippine Marine- naval infantry force Under Phil Navy
- conducts amphibious and expeditionary warfare, as well as special operation missions.

Philippine Scout Ranger- Philippine Army unit specializing in anti-guerrilla jungle warfare, raids,
ambushes, close quarters combat, urban warfare and sabotage

DOT (Department of Transportation)

-responsible for the maintenance and expansion of viable, efficient, and dependable
transportation systems

DOH (Department of Health)

-responsible for ensuring access to basic public health services
DENR (Department of Environment and Natural Resources)
-responsible for governing and supervising the exploration, development, utilization, and
conservation of the country's natural resources.

DSWD (Department of Social Welfare and Development)

-responsible for the protection of the social welfare of rights of Filipinos and to promote the
social development.

DFA (Department of Foreign Affairs)

- tasked to contribute to the enhancement of national security and the protection of the
territorial integrity.

Reference :
R.A. 6975. (n.d.). https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1990/ra_6975_1990.html

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