COURSE CODE: MTH 1207
COURSE TITLE: FUNDAMENTALS OF MATHEMATICS (II)
Question 1 (Bibi Azeeda Yassin)
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃
+
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝜃+𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
+ =
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃
Use the Pythagorean identity. 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1 To simplify the numerator.
𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 1
=
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃
1
can be written as Cscθ Secθ
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃
1
Answer =
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃
Question 2 (Jasmine Johnson)
Prove the following identity:
𝑐𝑜𝑡²𝐵 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛²𝐵 ≡ 𝑠𝑒𝑐²𝐵𝑐𝑠𝑐²𝐵 − 2
NB- 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐵 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵/𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵/𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵
𝑐𝑜𝑡²𝐵 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛²𝐵 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠²𝐵/𝑠𝑖𝑛²𝐵) + (𝑠𝑖𝑛²𝐵/𝑐𝑜𝑠²𝐵)
𝑐𝑜𝑡²𝐵 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛²𝐵 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠4B + sin4B ⁄𝑠𝑖𝑛²𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠²𝐵
Factor using identity: a4+b4= (a2+b2)2⅘－ 2a2b2
Thus: 𝑐𝑜𝑠4B + sin4B= (𝑐𝑜𝑠²𝐵 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛²𝐵)²- 2cos²B sin²B
NB: cos²B+ sin²B=1
𝑐𝑜𝑠4B + sin4B=1 - 2 cos²Bsin²B
Thus, cot²B+tan²B= 1-2cos²B sin²B/ sin²B cos²B
NB: sec²B= 1/cos B; csc²B= 1/ sin²B
sec²Bcsc²B-2= (1/cos²Bsin²B) - 2
Hence proving the identity where
cot²B + tan² B= sec²Bcsc²B - 2
Question 3: (Mariam Reasat)
Solve:
5cosθ − 4sin²θ = 2
Step 1: Express sin²θ in terms of cosθ
sin²θ = 1 − cos²θ
5cosθ − 4(1 − cos²θ) = 2
Step 2: Expand and simplify
5cosθ − 4 + 4cos²θ = 2
4cos²θ + 5cosθ − 6 = 0
Step 3: Solve the quadratic equation
Let x = cosθ, then:
4x² + 5x − 6 = 0
Using the quadratic formula:
x = (-5 ± √ (5² - 4(4)(-6))) / (2(4))
x = (-5 ± √(25 + 96)) / 8
x = (-5 ± √121) / 8
x = (-5 ± 11) / 8
Step 4: Find values of cosθ
x = (-5 + 11) / 8 = 6 / 8 = 3 / 4
x = (-5 - 11) / 8 = -16 / 8 = -2 (discarded, since cosθ must be in [-1,1])
Step 5: Solve for θ
cosθ = 3 / 4
Using inverse cosine:
θ = ±cos⁻¹ (3 / 4)
Approximating:
θ ≈ ±0.7227
Step 6: Include additional solutions
Since cosine is positive in quadrants I and IV:
θ = ±0.723, θ = ± (2π - 0.723)
Approximating:
θ ≈ ±0.723, θ ≈ ±5.560
Answer:
θ ≈ ±0.723, θ ≈ ±5.560
Question 4: (Clevelon Gordon)
𝛉 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉
b.
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝛉
θ𝟐
Sinθ ≈ θ, cos θ ≈ 1 –
𝟐
Sinθ ≈ θ
2θ𝟐
Cos 2θ ≈ 1- = 1- 2θ𝟐
𝟐
Apply the Approximations
Substitute sinθ ≈ θ and cos2θ ≈1− 2θ𝟐 into the expression:
𝛉 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉 𝛉. 𝛉 θ𝟐
≈ =
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝛉 𝟏− 𝟐𝛉 1− 2θ𝟐
θ𝟐
≈ θ𝟐
1− 2θ𝟐
Answer: θ𝟐
Question 5: (Phoolan Seemangal)
Evaluate any one of the following limits. (3 marks)
x2− 16
lim
x−4
𝑥→4
𝑥 2 − 16 = (𝑥 – 4) (𝑥 + 4)
(𝑥−4)(𝑥+4)
lim
(𝑥−4)
𝑥→4
lim (𝑥 + 4)
𝑥→4
4+4=8
Limit = 8
Question 6: (Denzel Cameron Yaw)
∫(𝑥) =2−3x
f(x+h)−f(x)
f′ ’(x) = lim
h→0 h
f(x+h) – f(x)= 2 – 3(x+h) = 2-3x-3h
f(x+h) -f(x)= ( 2 – 3x – 3h)- (2-3x)= -3h
−3h
f′ ’(x) = lim
h→0 h
f′ ’(x)= lim (-3) = -3
h→0
f′ ’(x)= -3
Answer = -3
Question 7: (Ramesh Mangru)
Solving part (c):
2𝑥2−5𝑥+3𝑥
∫(𝑥) =
𝑥–1
Determining if this function is continuous at 𝑥 = 1
Step 1: Check if f (1) is defined.
If we plug in 𝑥 = 1into the function, we get:
2(1)2−5(1)+3 2−5+3 0
∫ (1) = = =
1−1 0 0
This is an indeterminate form, which means f (1) is undefined.
Step 2: Check if the limit as x approaches 1 exists.
To check if the limit exists, we can try to simplify the expression:
2x2−5x+3x
∫(𝑥) =
x−1
Step 3: Factorize the Numerator We can factor the numerator:
(2𝑥2 −5𝑥 +3= (2𝑥−3) (𝑥−1).
Then the function can be rewritten as:
(2x − 3) (x − 1)
∫ (x) =
x − 1
𝑥 − 1 For 𝑥 ≠ 1, we can cancel the (𝑥 − 1) terms and we’re left with:
∫(𝑥) = 2𝑥 −3
Step 4: Find the Limit as x→1
Now, let's find the limit as 𝑥 approaches 1:
Lim 𝑥→ ∫(𝑥)= Lim 𝑥→ (2𝑥−3) =2(1) −3 =2−3= −1
The limit exists and is equal to -1.
Step 5: Compare the limit and f (1).
Since ∫ (1) is undefined, the function is not continuous at (𝑥 = 1).
Type of Discontinuity:
Since the limit exists but is not equal to the function value, which is undefined.
2x2−5x+3x
The function ∫(𝑥) = . is discontinuous at 𝑥 = 1. This discontinuity is a
x−1
removable discontinuity or a hole.
