Department of Computer Science & Engineering

CSE-111
Introduction to Computer Science
Instructor : Dr. Ahmed Gomaa

Spring, 2025
 Input and Output

Learning Objectives

1. Define input.
2. Describe keyboard entry, including types and features of keyboards.
3. Identify different pointing devices, including game controllers and styluses.
4. Describe scanning devices, including optical scanners, RFID readers, and recognition devices.
5. Recognize image capturing and audio-input devices.
6. Define output.
7. Identify different monitor features and types, including flat-panels and e-books.
8. Define printing features and types, including inkjet and cloud printers.
9. Recognize different audio and video devices, including portable media devices.
10. Define combination input and output devices, including multifunctional devices, VR head-mounted displays and
controllers, drones, and robots.
11. Explain ergonomics and ways to minimize physical damage. 2
 Input and Output: Introduction

How do you send instructions and data to the

CPU? How do you get information out?
• Have you ever wondered how
information gets into your computer
and comes out in a form you can use?
– Input devices convert what we
understand into what the system unit
can process.
– Output devices convert what the system
unit has processed into a form that we
can understand. 3

• gstockstudio/123RF
 Input and Output: What is Input?

Input refers to data or instructions provided to a computer.

Input can originate from users through programs, and it includes:
o text,
o numbers,
o and commands.
Input devices are hardware tools that convert human-readable input
into a format the computer can understand.
Examples of input devices include
o keyboards,
o mice,
o pointing devices,
o scanners, image capture devices, 4

o and audio-input tools.

 Input and Output: Keyboard Entry?

Traditional keyboards, found on desktops and

larger computers, come with 101 keys, including
Virtual keyboards—these extras like function, navigation, and numeric
keyboards are used primarily keypad keys. Some include unique keys like the
with cell phones and tablets. Windows key for direct Start menu access, while
Unlike other keyboards, others like Caps Lock serve as toggle keys, and
virtual keyboards do not have Ctrl functions as a combination key when pressed
physical keys. in conjunction with other keys.

Laptop keyboards—these
keyboards are attached to the
laptop system unit and
designed
to fold up with the laptop
monitor to easily fit in a
backpack or briefcase.
5

• Justin Sullivan/Getty Images ; Rawpixel.com/Shutterstock ; Georgios Kollidas/Shutterstock

 Input and Output: Pointing Devices?
A mouse moves a pointer on the screen, with buttons for selecting
and a scroll wheel for navigation. The pointer's shape changes
based on the applications.
• Pointing Devices: Provide an
intuitive interface by accepting Optical mouse :
pointing gestures and converting  Has no moving parts.
them into machine-readable input.  Emits and senses light to detect mouse movement.
Touch Screen  Can be used on any surface.
Allows users to select
actions or commands Wireless mouse.
by touching the  Battery operated.
screen with a finger
or stylus.  Uses radio waves or infrared light waves.

Multitouch screens Touch pads.

enable multi-finger • Controls pointer by moving and
interactions, like tapping your fingers on the surface
of the pad.
rotating objects and
zooming by pinching 6

or stretching fingers.
 Input and Output: Pointing Devices?

Gaming Controllers
• Provide input to computer games.
– Joysticks use pressure and direction of the stick.
– Gaming mice are similar to a mouse but high precision.
– Gamepads use both hands.
– Motion sensing device control games by user movement.

• Lucidio Studio Inc/Photographer’sChoice/Getty Images; Geostock/Getty Images

 Input and Output: Scanning Devices

• Scanning devices convert scanned text and images into a form that the system unit can
• process. There are five types of scanning devices:
1. Optical scanners.: There are four basic types of optical scanners:

Flatbed scanners Portable scanners

Document scanners
3D scanners

• Alexander Kharchenko/123RF
 Input and Output: Scanning Devices

• Scanning devices convert scanned text and images into a form that the system unit
can
• process. There are five types of scanning devices:
2. Card Readers:
Interpret encoded information that is stored on debit,
credit and identification cards.
Magnetic card reader.
• Information read from strip when swiped through
reader.

Chip card reader.

• Information read from a chip when inserted or held near the reader.
• Smart cards hold additional security information.
9

• Alexander Kharchenko/123RF
 Input and Output: Scanning Devices

Scanning devices convert scanned text and images into a form that the system unit can
process. There are five types of scanning devices:
3. Bar Code Readers

• Contain photo-electric cells that scan or read bar codes or

the zebra striped marks printed on product containers.
• UPCs and MaxiCode readers.
– UPC are heavily used in grocery stores for automated checkout
and inventory control.
– MaxiCode used by shipping companies for routing packages.

• Cell phones with app can also scan

codes. 10
 Input and Output: Scanning Devices

Scanning devices convert scanned text and images into a form that the system unit can process.
There are five types of scanning devices:

4. RFID Readers
 RFID tags are small chips embedded in various
items.
 They can be found in consumer products,
driver's licenses, passports, and more.
 RFID tags store information that can be read by
an RFID reader from a distance.
 They are used for tracking lost pets, monitoring
the food supply chain, and recording retail item
details like prices and locations. 11

• Jochen Tack/imageBROKER/Shutterstock
 Input and Output: Scanning Devices

5. Character & Mark Recognition Readers

MICR
 Character and mark recognition devices are specialized
scanners.
 They are essential for certain applications.
 Three types include:
• Magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR): Used
by banks to read numbers on checks and deposit
slips. OCR
• A reader/sorter machine processes this
information for efficient customer account
management.
• Optical-character recognition (OCR): Utilizes
preprinted characters that can be read by a light
source.
• Handheld wand readers are common OCR
12
devices used in retail to scan price tags by
reflecting light on printed characters.
 Input and Output: Image Capturing Devices

• Create or capture original images.

• Digital Camera.
– Capture and store images digitally on a memory card or in the
camera's memory.
– Many digital cameras can also record videos.
– They are now often integrated into devices like cell phones and
tablets.
– They create photos for sharing on social media and via email..
• Webcams.
– Digital video cameras designed for capturing and transmitting
images over the internet.
– They are integrated into many cell phones and tablets.
– Desktop and laptop webcams can be built-in or attached to the
monitor.
– Apps like Skype and FaceTime use webcams for real-time video 13

communication with others.. • Sandra Dombrovsky/123RF; Harald Richter/Pixpack/123RF

 Input and Output: Audio-Input Devices

• Voice recognition systems.

• Use a microphone, sound card, and special software.
• Users can operate computers and create documents using voice
commands.
• Included in many smart phones.
– Siri in iPhones.
– Cortana in Windows devices.
– Alexa in Amazon devices.
– Google Assistant in Android devices.
14
 Input and Output: Output

• Output is a processed data or information.

• Types of output.
• Text.
• Graphics/photos.
• Audio & video.
• Output devices.
• Monitors.
• Printers.
• Audio-output devices.
15
 Input and Output: Monitors

• Known as screens or display screens, and present visual images of text

and graphics.
• Features:
• Clarity refers to the quality and sharpness of the displayed images.
• Resolution is crucial; it's about the number of pixels on a monitor
screen, with common resolutions like 1920x1080 pixels, totalling
2,073,600 pixels..
• Dot pitch.
• Contrast ratios.
• Active display area, or size.
• Aspect ratio.

16

• Maria Gritsai/Alamy Stock Photo

 Input and Output: Monitors Types

• Flat-panel monitors. Flat-panel

– Require less power to operate.
– Portable and thin.
– Most are backlit. LCD

• Three types:
– Liquid Crystal Display (LCD).
• Older monitors.

– Light Emitting Diode (LED).

• More advanced backlighting.

– Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED).

• Thin layer organic compound that produces light.
17

• Simon Belcher/Alamy Stock Photo

 Input and Output: E-book Readers

Electronic books (e-books) are digital versions of printed

books available from various sources like libraries,
bookstores, and the cloud.
E-book readers (e-readers) are specialized devices for
storing and displaying e-books and other digital content.
E-readers usually have 6-inch displays using e-ink
technology, resembling paper for easy reading.
Examples of popular e-readers include Amazon's Kindle
18
and Walmart's Kobo eReaders.
 Input and Output: Other Monitor Types

• Digital/interactive whiteboards.
– Connects to a computer or project.
– Controlled using a special pen or even your finger.
– Classrooms and corporate boardrooms.
• Flexible Screens.
– Allow a digital device to display on a non flat
surface, including wrapped edges, curved monitors
and foldable screens.
• Digital Projector.
– Project the images from a traditional monitor onto a screen or
wall. 19

• Gerald Martineau/The Washington Post/Getty Images; Simon Nagel/dpa picture alliance/Alamy Stock Photo; ; Michal_edo/E+/Getty Images
 Input and Output: Printers

• Translates information that has been processed by the system unit.

Features
 Resolution impacts image clarity, with most personal printers at 1,200 by
4,800 dpi.
 Colour printer is reserved for graphics and photos.
 Speed varies, usually 15-19 ppm for black and 5-12 ppm for color.
 Memory stores instructions, more memory means faster large document
printing.
 Duplex printing, not standard, may save paper and be future standard.
 Connectivity enables networked printing via Wi-Fi or Ethernet for multiple
computers to share a printer. 20
 Input and Output: Printers Types

• Ink-jet printers spray ink at a

high speed.
– Reliable, quite and inexpensive.
• Laser printers uses a laser light
beam to produce images.
– Fast, excellent quality.
– Personal or shared.
• 3D Printers create 3-D shapes with
a thin layer of material repeatedly
until created.
– Additive manufacturing. 21

• Aleksei Sysoev/123RF
 Input and Output: Audio and Video Devices

• Translates audio information from the computer into sounds that

people can understand.
– Speakers and headphones.

• Bluetooth Technology.
– Wireless technology.
– Used to connect to
speakers and headphones.

22

• New Africa/Shutterstock
 Input and Output: Combination Input and Output Devices

• Headsets.
– Combine a microphone and headphones.
• Multifunctional devices (MFD).
– Cost efficient but lower quality.
– All-in-one printers are a good
example.

• Virtual Reality (VR).

– Artificial or simulated reality.

• Virtual head-mounted
displays and controllers. • Jesse Wild/PC Format Magazine/Getty Images; Alexander Tolstykh/123RF 23
 Input and Output: Drones

• Drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV).

– Take input from a controller and the output
device is the drone.
– Very cost effective now.

• Robots.
– Use cameras, microphones,
and other sensors as inputs to
perform an expanding range
of capabilities.
24

• Olga Serdyuk/Microolga/123RF
Questions?
Thank You