Keyboard

An input device used to enter characters at the location marked by the insertion
point or cursor
– Can be wired or wireless
– Typically contains:
• Standard alphanumeric keys
• Numeric keypad
• Function keys
• Delete and Backspace keys
• Control and Alternate keys
• Arrow directional keys and special keys
Mobile devices often use:
– Slide-out keyboard
– Pen or touch input (on-screen keyboard)
– Keyboard dock
Pointing and Touch Devices

Pointing devices are used to:

– Select and manipulate objects
– Input data
– Issue commands to the computer

Common types of pointing devices:

– Mouse
– Pen/stylus
– Devices that use touch input
Perceptual Computing
– Users control devices with 3D gestures, voice commands and facial expressions
– Noncontact system
– Allows for full body input and input from a slight distance away
Pens/Styluses
Stylus
– Pen-like device used to draw or write electronically on the screen
– Also called digital pen, electronic pen, tablet pen
– Pen input is being used for:
• Photography, graphic design, animation
• Industrial design, document processing, and healthcare applications
• Navigating through a document
• Issuing commands
– Pen-Based Computers and Mobile Devices
• Pen input used with mobile devices and tablet computers
– Used to input handwritten text and sketches and to manipulate objects
– If handwriting recognition is used, written text can be converted to editable typed text
• Digital Writing Systems
– Pen-based systems that capture handwritten input as it is being written
– Requires special paper with a grid of dots
– Handwritten input can be transferred to computer
• Graphics Tablets
– Pen tablets or digitizing devices
– Flat, touch sensitive tablet typically connected to
• Signature Capture Devices
– Found at check out counters to record customer signatures computer using a USB
port
Touch Screens

• Touch Screens
– Display devices that are touched with the finger to select commands or otherwise
provide input to the computer
– Common on portable computers, smartphones, and other mobile devices
– Multi-touch
• Can recognize input from more than one finger at a time
– Table PC
• Large screen computer either built into a table or designed to be used on a table
Other Pointing Devices

• Gaming devices
• Trackballs
• Control buttons and wheels
• Touch pads
Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras
• Source documents
– Already exists in physical form (photographs, checks, or product label)
• Source data automation
– Captures data directly from a source document
• Saves time
• Increases accuracy
• Utilizes scanning or reading devices
• Scanners (Optical Scanners)
– Input devices that read printed text and graphics and transfers them to a computer in
digital form
– Data is typically input as a single image
– Can scan photos, documents, images
– Types of scanners
• Flatbed
• Portable
• 3D
• Receipt and business card scanners
• Scanning Quality and Resolution
– Quality of scanned images indicated by optical resolution
• Measured in number of dots per inch (dpi)
• Can often be specified when image is scanned
• Can be changed when scanned image is edited
– Higher resolution means better quality but larger file size
Readers
• Barcode Readers
– Input devices that read barcodes
• Barcodes
– Machine-readable codes that represent data as
a set of bars
– Common Types
• Universal Product Code (UPC)
• ISBN
• DataBar
• QR Codes
• Optical Mark Readers (OMRs)
– Input data from special forms to score or tally exams, questionnaires, ballots
• Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Devices
– OCR is the ability of a computer to recognize scanned text characters and convert
them to electronic form as text, not images
– OCR software is used to identify each character and convert it to editable text
– Used to process turnaround documents like monthly bills
• Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) Readers
– Also called check scanners
– Used primarily for banking
– Read the special magnetic characters printed at the bottom of checks
– High volume readers process deposited checks
– Used to facilitate remote deposits and electronic check processing
• Biometric Readers
– Used to input biometric data such as an individual’s fingerprint or voice
– Can be stand-alone or built into another piece of hardware
– Most often used for access control, to authorize electronic payments, log on to
secure Web sites

Digital Cameras

• Digital Cameras
– Take pictures and records them as digital images
– Can either be still cameras or video cameras
– Integrated into many portable computers and mobile phones
• Digital Still Cameras
– Primary appeal is that images are immediately available
– Camera quality is measured in megapixels
– Typically use flash memory for storage
– Camera phones can be used to read barcodes, remotely deposit checks, etc.
• Digital Video Cameras
– Digital camcorders, PC video cameras (PC cams, webcams)
– Built-in or stand alone
– Store images on digital media (flash memory, DVDs, hard drives, etc.)
• Applications
– Surveillance video cameras
– Video conferences and Webinars
– Face recognition systems
Display Devices

• Display Device
– Presents output visually on some type of screen
– Monitor
• Display device for a desktop computer
– Display Screen
• Screen built into a variety of devices
– Notebook and other portable computers
– Mobile phones and mobile devices
– Handheld gaming devices, home entertainment devices, kitchen appliances
– Digital photo frames, e-book readers, smart watches
– Digital signage systems, digital billboards
• Display Device Characteristics
– Color vs. Monochrome Displays
• Images are formed using pixels
• Most displays today are color displays
– CRT vs. Flat-Panel Displays
• Cathode ray tube (CRT) displays: large, bulky, and heavy
• Flat-panel displays: take up less desk space; use lesspower
• Size and Aspect Ratio
– Device size measured diagonally from corner to corner
• Screen Resolution
– Number of pixels used on a display determines resolution
– Affects the amount of information that can be displayed • Video Adapters,
Interfaces, and Ports
– Video cards determine the graphic capabilities of a
computer
– VGA, DVI, and HDMI are the three most common
interfaces to connect monitors to a computer
– Ports exposed in the system unit cases are to connect
monitors to computers
• New option is to use USB ports on the screen at one time
– Can be changed to match users’ preference
• Wired vs. Wireless Displays
– Wired display are physically connected to the system via a cable
– Wireless displays connect using a wireless network connection (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth)
• 2D vs. 3D Displays
– Most displays are 2D
– 3D displays use filters, prisms, and multiple lenses to
• Wearable Displays
– Project images from a mobile device to a display screen built into glasses
• Touch and Gesture Capabilities
– Kiosks and portable gaming devices
– Mobile phones and media tablets create the 3D effects
Flat Panel Display Technologies

• Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs)

– Use charged liquid crystals between sheets of glass or plastic
– Requires backlighting
• Light Emitting Diode (LED) Displays
– Used in alarm clocks and Christmas lights
– Currently used to backlight LCD panels
• Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) Displays
– Use layers of organic material
– Emit visible light when current is applied
– Are thinner than LCDs
– Have a wider viewing angle
– Incorporated into many digital cameras, mobile phones, and portable digital media
players
• Special Types of OLEDs
– FOLED (Flexible OLED)
• OLED displays built on flexible surfaces such as plastic or metallic foil
– TOLED (Transparent OLED)
• Displays are transparent
• Emit light toward top and bottom of display surface
– PHOLED (Phosphorescent OLED)
• Process that results in much more conversion of electrical energy into light
instead of heat
– Interferometric Modulator (IMOD)
Displays
• Essentially a complex mirror that uses external light to display images
• Designed initially for mobile phones and portable devices
• Images are bright and clear, even in sunlight
– Plasma Displays
• Use layers of gas between two plates of glass
• Being replaced by LCDs
Inside the Industry Box

E-Paper
– Used for e-readers and other devices
– Easier to read in direct sunlight
– Content can change wireless
– Only uses power to change images, not maintain an image
– Use electronic ink
– Monochrome or color
Data and Multimedia Projectors
• Display output from a computer to a wall or projection screen
• Found in classrooms and conference rooms
• Can be wireless or integrated into devices
• Some contain an iPod dock
• Pico projectors are pocket-size and connect mobile and portable devices
• Hologram projectors used to display 3D images
• 3D projectors are designed to project 3D images that are viewed with 3D glasses
Printers

• Printing Technology
– Impact Printers (Dot Matrix)
• Print mechanism strikes an inked ribbon to transfer ink to the paper
• Used to produce multipart forms
– Non-Impact Printers (Ink-Jet/Laser)
• Use liquid ink or toner
• Produce higher quality images
• Much quieter than impact printers
• Color vs. Black and White
– Colors printers use magenta, cyan, yellow, and black ink
• Print Resolution
– Measured in dpi (dots per inch)
– More dots per inch results in higher quality output
– 300 dpi for general purpose printing; 1,200 dpi for photographs; 2,400 dpi for
professional applications
• Print Speed
– Measured in pages per minute (PPM)
– Range from about 15 to 65 ppm

• Personal vs. Network Printers

– Personal printers connect directly to a single computer
– Network printers connect directly to a home or an office network; some can
perform cloud printing
– Connection Options
• USB connection most common
• Multifunction Capabilities
– Copy, fax, scan, print
– All-in-ones
Laser Printers
• Use toner powder and technology similar to that of a photocopier to produce images
on paper
• The standard for business documents
• Print one entire page at a time
• Generally faster and have better quality output than ink-jet printers
• Can be black and white or color
• Common print resolution for laser printers is between 600 and 2,400 dpi
• Use toner cartridges
Ink-Jet Printers
• Sprays droplets of ink to produce images on paper
• Use ink cartridges
• Usually print in color
• Often the choice for home use
• Relatively inexpensive with good-quality output
• Print more slowly than laser printers
• Potential applications for the future
– Dispensing liquid metal, aromas, computer chips and other circuitry, “printing”
human tissue
Special Purpose Printers

• Barcode, label, and postage printers

• Photo printers
• Portable and integrated printers
• Wide-format ink-jet printers
• 3D printers
Audio Output
• Audio Output
– Voice, music, and other audible sounds
– Common audio output devices
• Computer speakers
• Headphones and headsets
• Earphones and earbuds