SHS
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT,
SOLIDARITY AND
CITIZENSHIP
First Quarter – Module
4:
TYPOLOGIES OF COMMUNITIES
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Community Engagement, Solidarity an Citizenship
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Typologies of Communities
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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad
Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L.
Amin
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Ma. Liezl L. Eva
Reviewers: Ariel D. Dreu
Editor: Divina M. Diaz, Ph.D.
Fatima D. Doma
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: John Paul D. Figueras
ii
TITLE/ INTRODUCTION
Nice seeing you again! Welcome to the fourth module!
Thanks to you! I was able to know about the functions of
my community - its dynamics, structure, and process. That’ll
be a big help for me to truly discern if this is really my
calling. But after knowing that communities have different
typologies, I am wondering if you would like to go on a travel
with me.
Let’s have a trip on learning about the typologies of
community.
Pack in your bags and let’s go!
To get to know our community better, let us know first our
targets!
OBJECTIVES
(Differentiate the Typologies of Communities) (HUMSS_CSC12IIIa-c-6)
In this module you will learn about how to:
1. distinguish between formal and informal types of communities;
2. make a community map of a rural and urban community; and
3. explain local and global communities and their relationship.
VOCABULARY LIST
Let us have first vocabulary list and pre-test for this module.
Make use of a separate sheet of paper in answering the pre-
test.
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Formal Community- characterized by institutionally structured hierarchies, which
define the relationship between authoritative and subordinate actors and
groups.
Global Community- characterized by integration and interaction between
individuals and groups away from each other in time or space or both.
Informal Community- seen to typically operate through socio-cultural mechanisms
within
the community structures.
Local Community- characterized by close social integration and physical
proximity. Moreover, it is defined as a group of people sharing the same
environment and conditions such as intent, belief, resources, preferences,
needs and risks.
Rural Community- characterized as pastoral, agricultural, and located along the
periphery of urban centers or in the countryside.
Typology- a classification according to general type. In this module, this refers
to the types of community.
Urban Community- described as industrialized and commercial centers where
population density is relatively high compared to rural communities.
PRE-TEST
Direction. Carefully read and analyze each question. Choose the correct answer
from the given options. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A group where the flow of communication is restricted.
a. formal community
b. informal community
c. rural community
d. urban community
2. Each area typically specializes in a particular form of livelihood, such as
farming.
a. formal community
2
b. informal community
c. rural community
3
d. urban community
3. A group sharing the same environment and conditions.
a. social spaces
b. sectors of community
c. local community
d. global community
4. This sector of community includes newspapers, magazines and other
available materials that can be glanced from the internet.
a. human services
b. media
c. culture
d. sports and recreation
5. A sector of community that includes musicians, dancers, writers,
actors, among others.
a. human services
b. media
c. culture
d. sports and recreation
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
Hi there! Are you done packing your bags? Let me
first share to you the things I researched about
Formal-Informal as one of the categories of
community.
Let’s Read!
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TOPIC 1: Formal and Informal Communities
The table below details the differences between formal and informal
community. An example of a formal community is a business firm, where
people are assigned positions based on their job descriptions and functions.
One example of an informal organization is a group of jogging enthusiasts who
meet once a week at the city park.
Formal Informal
The group is created as per The group is formed according to the
official
likes, interests, and attitudes of the
authority, fulfill certain goals
members
or objectives
The group possesses a The group has a loose structure, and
systematic the
hierarchical structure members join to satisfy their social needs
The position of the member Every member is important as any
defines other
his/her importance in the group member
There is professional There is a personal relationship
relationship among
among members members
The flow of communication is The flow of communication stretches
restricted in all
due to the chain of command directions
Social Space is defined as a physical or virtual space which members of the
community visit or where they stay. Some examples of social space include the
social center, online social media, or other gathering spaces where people
gather or interact.
Some social spaces are owned by the government, such as town squares,
parks, and beaches. These are spaces generally open and accessible to people.
Private social spaces, on the other hand, are owned and regulated regularly,
such as shopping malls. These social spaces may be used by community
residents for their gatherings or simple recreation activities.
Now that you know about the Formal-Informal Community
typology, let’s roam around our locality and identify whether
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certain communities are classified as formal or informal and
the type of social space they are occupying.
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Task 1. Got to know the existing Leadership/ Power Relation!
Can you give me the existing power relation and social space of the following
community? Write FC- if it is a formal community and IFC-for informal
community. Make sure also to identify if it is occupying a public space or private
space by writing your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Community Formal Social Space-
Community/ Public/Private
Informal Space
Community
1.
Source: Hulett, Matthew. “Philippine Army
EOD,” Fort Magsaysay, Philippines, Posted at
dvidshub on May 1, 2014.
https://www.dvidshub.net/image/1305565/
philippine- army-eod
2.
Source: Baiocchi, Stephanie. “The 7 Best
Facebook Groups for Inbound Marketers,”
Impact, March 8, 2019
https://www.impactbnd.com/blog/best-
facebook- groups-for-inbound-marketers
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3.
Source: Pelletiere, Nicole. “Philippines Crushes
World Record for Largest Zumba Class Ever to
Dance.”ABC News, July 27, 2015.
https://abcnews.go.com/Lifestyle/philippines-
crushes-world-record-largest-zumba-class-
dance/story?id=32667050
4.
Source: Briones, Paul. “ Alberta Filipino Journal
Finds Its New Sanctuary At The Misericordia
Hospital.” Alberta Filipino Journal, December
15, 2017.
http://www.albertafilipinojournal.com/2017/12/
alberta-
filipino-journal-finds-its-new-sanctuary-
at-the- misericordia-hospital/
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Great! You have identified formal and informal
communities and the social spaces they are occupying.
The second category of community is according to
location. All of communities maybe located to rural or
urban community.
Before we compare the two communities, let’s read
first!
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Let’s Read!
TOPIC 2: Rural-Urban Communities
Communities may be located in either rural or urban areas. These areas
have distinct characteristics.
The following are the three general characteristics of rural areas:
a. Population density is found to be low, meaning few people populate
the entire community, and they tend to live far apart from each other.
b. The area is situated geographically distant from larger urban areas.
c. Each area typically specializes in a particular form of livelihood, such as
farming.
Characteristics of urban areas are as follows:
a. There is higher population density, with more diverse subgroups
(ethnic, racial cultural, age, sexual orientation)
b. Various industries and businesses are found in the areas.
c. A large portion of people lived in rented apartments or homes.
d. Transportation is readily available although this may be costly
e. Urban areas are highly developed with many buildings and structures
f. Traffic and noise levels are high in these areas
g. The large population gives rise to close interactions among
many people as well as more intense political involvement
among citizens.
There are also various sectors in different communities. Community
sectors are various groups or subdivisions of the larger community divided
based on characteristics such as political, economic, cultural, and religious
beliefs. The various sectors that exist in all communities may be categorized
according to the following sectors with their inclusions:
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1. Health
-medical and mental health professionals; pharmacists and pharmacies;
hospitals and other in-patient facilities, clinics, non-traditional health
practitioners; public health agencies and systems
2. Education
- public and private preschools, K-12 schools, colleges and universities,
school committees, school administrators, teachers, other educational
institution employees; parents, students, state board of education; adult
basic education (ABE) and English as Second or Other Language (ESOL)
programs
3. Law Enforcement
-the local and state police, the court system- judges, probation officers,
prosecutors, court- appointed defense lawyers, court-mandated program for
offenders.
4. Government
- regional, provincial, state, local, and tribal government bureaucracies,
agencies, and officials, both elected and appointed.
5. Business
- from the self-employed carpenter to the multinational corporation with a local
facility.
6. Youth
- youth themselves (generally viewed as ages 18 and younger) and those who
work directly with them (youth violence prevention and outreach programs,
Big Brother/Big Sister, Boys’ and Girls’ Clubs, scouting, etc.) parents, human
service, culture, and sports/recreation sectors.
7. The Media
- newspapers and magazines, radio, and TV, vast array of blogs, videos, online
news, and other materials available on the internet.
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8. Human Services
- non-profit professional and volunteer organizations that provide free and
affordable services such as job training, food, shelter, elder services, services
for individuals with physical or mental disabilities, support and advocacy for
immigrants, among others.
9. Religion
- places of worship and their members, religious organizations (e.g. Knights of
Columbus, CBCP) of all faiths, may include the hierarchy of a national church
as well (a Roman Catholic archbishop, for instance)
10. Service/Fraternal Organization
- the Lions, Masons, Rotary, Kiwanis, and other local and national or
international service organizations, college fraternities/sororities or other local
and national social clubs, as well veterans’ organizations and the like.
11. Community Activist Volunteer Groups
- individuals for or against political issue, supportive of existing institutions
(“Friends of” the local park, a school playground volunteer corps), oriented
toward economics (groups that volunteer to help non-profit and small
business owners with financial and business plans), or more generally
concerned with the quality of community life (e.g. organizers of community
festivals)
12. Culture
- artists such as musicians, dancers and choreographers, writer, actors and
directors, designers and visual artists, as well as arts organizations, theaters,
orchestras, museums, galleries, and those who work as support staff in the
arts- stagehands, cameramen, electricians, set builders, etc. ; regular
consumers and supporters of the arts.
13. Housing Development
- both public and private non-profit housing agencies and organizations that
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provide rent subsidies and/or affordable housing, as well as developers who
build market-rate and upscale residential and commercial properties.
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-may include everyone from fair housing advocates to those who own and/ or
manage urban real estate worth millions of pesos.
14. Sports and Recreation
- sports clubs, town or county recreation departments, amateur and
professional athletic associations, public and private sports and recreation
facilities, gyms, coaches, personal trainers, recreation leaders, and camp
directors, as well those who participate in these groups as athletes,
spectators, or supporters.
15. The Environment
- individual environmentalists, international, national, and local
environmental organizations, conservation land trusts, recreational hunters
and fishermen, rock climbers and mountaineers, wildlife biologists and
botanists, ecologists, hikers, canoers/kayakers, and other outdoor people,
hydrologists (water specialists), those who make a living from a pristine or
carefully-managed environment.
16. Agriculture
- confined to rural areas, may also include dairy farmers, cheesemakers,
winemakers and vineyards, and food processors and packers, including all
consumers of the food produced.
So many concepts, don’t they? Let us reminisce first!
When was the last time you have visited a rural and an
urban community? What are the prominent sectors of
community present in that community?
Task 2. A blast from my past visits!
Let us be specific in describing a rural and urban community that you had
visited by illustrating that specific community and by emphasizing in your
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illustration at least three (3) prominent sectors that you remembered in your
visit. Make use of a symbol e.g. cross at the
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roof of a church refers to Catholic Church. Then, briefly explain the
characteristics of each community and the roles played by each sector in the
community that you have drawn.
Rural
Community
Urban
Community
Great job! You have compared a rural and urban community
by also explaining how those prominent community sectors
have an impact to those community thru your illustration.
Now, let’s look at our destination and how far our plans will
go from our community to the global setting. After reading,
let’s answer task 3.
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Let’s Read!
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Topic 3: Local and Global Communities
A local community is characterized by close social integration and
physical proximity. Moreover, a local community is defined as a group of people
sharing the same environment and conditions intent, belief, resources,
preferences, and needs and risks. These factors may affect the identities of the
individuals as well as the community’s degree of cohesiveness.
In addition, a local community may consist of business operators, public
agency staff, residents with interactions that may include sharing of resources,
information, and assistance. Commercial relationships may also be present
between local businesses and consumers.
The global community, on the other hand, is a system characterized by
integration and interaction between individuals and groups away from each
other in time or space or both. The word “global” refers to the nation of the
world considered closely connected by modern telecommunication, though
they are economically, socially and politically independent (Sebastian, 2009,
and dictionary.com)
The domains and certain aspects of the local and global communities
intertwine. Establishments, programs, and other events that started in the local
setup may eventually grow to have a global presence, such as the Jollibee fast
food chain.
Proposed plans and programs in the local community, when implemented
successfully, may reach the global community, and gain traction there as well
such as outreach activities, programs during calamities etc.
Task 3. What I want to share to the World!
What program do you plan to propose in your local community and in
what ways can you promote this globally? This could be part of our culture,
beliefs, innovations, people etc. These could also be part of practices that we
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can do as outreach programs or to eliminate damages from any state of
calamity-poverty, natural/typhoons etc. Think of how the program you are
about to propose may benefit people nationally and internationally.
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(This activity is adopted from the same topic of the book entitled Community
Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship for Senior High School of Ava Ann P. Semorlan,
Ph.D. and Adrian P. Semorlan, MPA, MHSS, Ed. D.)
Use the template in answering the activity. A sample is already written for
you.
Local Community Program
Ex. Veggie Indoor Gardening - this is a projected program to be
proposed in the
community where the main goal is to promote a healthy lifestyle through
planting as well maintaining vegetable plants in every home.
Benefit to the Local Community Benefit to the Global Community
Promotes healthy lifestyle by Promotes healthy lifestyle by
exercising the body while exercising the body while gardening
gardening and consuming the and consuming the veggies they
veggies they grow. grow.
It could be a hobby for the They can make this as a hobby,
entire family. according to Kim Hayes, AARP on her
Some could also earn a living by article about gardening it helps fight
selling vegetables. It shall help dementia and cure loneliness .
in eliminating poverty in our Some could also earn a living by
community, making the family selling vegetables. It shall help in
work together for them to eliminating poverty in our
maintain indoor vegetables. community.
Makes the family more self- Making the family work together for
sufficient especially during them to maintain indoor vegetables.
trying times. * Makes the family more self-
sufficient
especially during trying times
Promoting to Global Perspective
Modelling/ behavior and action to start at home and then seeks the
help of local community leaders to do the same.
Submitting a letter/proposal to the local community leaders so that
they could make a resolution for it.
Promotion thru internet, encouraging friends and their social networks
to do the
same
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Making others in the global community see the benefits of indoor
gardening thru
the help of social media
Well done! You’ve learned of a program that could
promote positive social and go to global
communities. Let’s now see the things that you’ve
learned from this module!
POST-TEST
A. Below are statements with jumbled words based on the previous discussion.
Try to remember each concept by looking into the jumbled words. Have fun!
1. CIASOL PASCE
- a physical or virtual space which members of the community visit or where
they stay.
2. CONMIMUTY CESTORS
- various groups or subdivisions of the larger community divided based on
characteristics such as political, economic, cultural, and religious beliefs.
3. BANUR CONMIMUTY
- described as industrialized and commercial centers where population density is
relatively high.
4. ABLGOL CONMIMUTY
- characterized by integration and interaction between individuals and groups
away from each other in time or space or both.
5. RALFOM CONMIMUTY
- characterized by institutionally structured hierarchies, which define the
relationship between authoritative and subordinate actors and groups.
B. Read and analyze the statements below. Identify what is described in each
sentence.
6. This group is composed of members who decided to join the
group to satisfy their social needs.
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7. These are social spaces owned and regulated regularly.
8. This is the community where different businesses and industries
are
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involved.
9. Community sector which includes places of worship and
organizations as part of the beliefs of the people in the
community.
10. Community sector that includes dairy farmers,
cheesemakers, winemakers, food processors and the
likes.
ASSIGNMENT
MY Community Map!
From the lesson we have learned about the different communities. How about
your community, what type of community is it? How will you describe your own
community? What are the prominent community sectors present in it? Express
your thoughts by making a community map. Please be guided with the rubric
below and the identified ten out of sixteen community sectors. This will serve
as one of your performance tasks.
Make a community map which would reflect the following elements:
a. Describe your community in a way that you show its location, if it is a
rural or urban community and its characteristics.
b. Out of the sixteen (16) community sectors, choose at least ten (10)
prominent sectors in the community.
c. Give the names of your specific example e.g. If you are living in
Magsaysay St., Almedras-Cogon, Sorsogon City and you have chosen
education as your specific community sector, give the name of your
example such as Sorsogon National High School.
d. Make use of a symbol e.g. cross at the roof of a church refers to Catholic
Church
Rubrics for the Community Map
Category 4 3 2 1
Required The All required All but 1 of Several
Elements community elements the required required
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map includes are elements are elements
all required included included on were
elements as on the the missing
well as community community
additional map map
information
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Graphics- All graphics All graphics Several Few graphics
Relevance are related to are related graphics are related
the topic and to the topic are related to the topic.
make it and most to the
easier to make it topic.
understand easier to
understan
d
Content - At least 8 5-6 4-3 accurate Less than 2
Accuracy accurate accurate facts are accurate
facts are facts are illustrated facts are
illustrated on illustrated on the illustrated on
the on the community the
community communit map community
map y map map
Attractiveness The The The The
community communit community community
map is y map is map is map is
exceptionally attractive acceptably distractingly
attractive in in terms attractive messy or
terms of of design, though it very poorly
design, layout, may be a bit designed
layout, and and messy
neatness neatness
Mechanics Capitalization There is 1 There are 2 There are
and error in errors in more than 2
punctuation capitalizati capitalization errors in
are correct on and capitalization
throughout and punctuation and
the punctuati punctuation
community on
map
Grammar There are no There is There are two There are
grammatical one grammatical more than
mistakes on grammatic mistakes on two
the al mistake the grammatical
community on the community mistakes on
map communit map the
y community
map map
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Source: Shane02, Gyeonggi-Suwon International School “Poster-
rubric Ancient Civilizations.” Published on February 10, 2012 at
Slideshare. https://www.slideshare.net/shane02/posterrubric-ancient-
civilizations
Congratulations! You completed Module 4
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