Shortcuts

dx
= Tt, if b>a I 16. f(x) -dr=
Jr-a)(b-x) f(x)+f(a -x)
V(-a)(b ) dr =(-a)? f(r).
2.
8
17.
f(x)+f (a +b-x) -dr-o-a)
=
n/2
x-a
3.
- dr=(b-a) 18. | log(tan x) dr = log(cot x) dr =0
b-x
n/2 T/2
dr
4. 2r+a? 4a
19. | log(sinx) dx = log(cos x) dx =-log 2
0 0

T/2 n/2

5. 2
20. log (cosec x)dx = og(sec x)dx = 2 log 2
0

n/4
dy= Ta
6.
0
4 21. log(l +tan x) dx =log
8 2
n/4
1
1 (tan" x + tan- x) dx =
= L sin" x Cos" x Tt
n-1 22. -dy = dx =
sin" x+ cos" sin" x+ cos" x 4
n/2
asinx+bcosx a tan x+bcotx
8. dr = dr
sin x + cOSx tanx + cotx tan" x cot"x
0
23. -dx = -dr =
0
tan" x+ cot" x tan" x+cot"x 4
a+b) 4
2
sec" x COsec"x
24. -dy= -dx =
9. fk-al+|*-b|) dy =(b- a 0
sec" x+ cosec" x Sec" X+ cosec" r 4

2
d dx
10. [kdr -a, a> 0 25. dr
1+tan"x 1+cot"x 4
a

11. [lkt bjdr =a +b', when bs lal 26.

a
Sint

-dr=
a
CoS

dx=
-a +a Cos 4
= 2ab, when b > lal
a2 tan 2 a cot.r
12.
iar 2
a>0 27. tan x
+a
-dr =
cot.r
a
tan .x
+ a
cotx
-dy=
T

4
a

13. a(a-1) , a > 0, 28. Ifn is a positive integer, then

2
where x] is greatest L/2 /2
0
sin" xdr = cos" xdx
integer function.
14. (n -1)(n -3)....2 ,when nisodd
=
a e I, where (x} is fractional part n(n-2)...3
function. (n -1)(n -3)....1
(n- 2)...2when ,when nnis even
15. dx a
8l+ef)
=

2
iff (a - x) =-f ()