Discovering Computers

Technology in a World of Computers,

Mobile Devices, and the Internet

Chapter
Module 2 7
Input and Output
What is Input?
• Any data and instructions
entered into the memory
of a computer

• Data – collection of
unprocessed items,
including text, numbers,
images, audio, and video.

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What Are Input Devices?

Input device is any

hardware component that
allows users to enter data
and instructions into a
computer
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Commonly used Input Method
Keyboard
Touch Screen

Mouse

Magnetic stripe card reader

Data collection
device MICR
Biometric device

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Commonly used Input Method

Stylus

Touch
sensitive pad RFID reader

Graphic tablet
Game controller Microphone
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Commonly used Input Method

Bar code
reader

Optical mark
recognition

Web Cam

Scanner

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Keyboards

• Input device that contains keys users press to

enter data and instructions into a computer or
mobile device.

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Types of Keyboard

• Qwerty keyboard
• Based on the typewriter
keys with 101 to 105
keys. Developed by
Christopher Sholes in
1868

• Dvorak
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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5
Types of Keyboards
• There are various types of keyboards in addition
to standard keyboards found on desktops

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Keyboard

Wired Wireless
Keyboards Keyboards

USB port Bluetooth

IrDA

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Wireless keyboard

• Battery-powered device that transmits data to the

computer or mobile device using wireless
technology.

• Example: Bluetooth keyboards - especially

popular with tablets because they do not require
a USB port and are easy to pair with the devices

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Kinds of Keyboard

• Chorded keyboard

• Software keyboards - often take the form of

computer programs that display an image of a
keyboard on the screen; popular in
touchscreen enabled cell phones

• Foldable keyboard - made of soft plastic

or silicone which can be rolled or folded on
itself for travel
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Kinds of Keyboard

• Projection/Laser - projects an image of keys, usually

with a laser, onto a flat surface and uses a camera or
infrared sensor to "watch" where the user's fingers
move, and will count a key as being pressed when it
"sees" the user's finger touch the projected image

• Optical keyboard - utilizes light emitting

devices and photo sensors to optically detect actuated
keys

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Ergonomic Keyboard
• Has a design that reduces the chance of repetitive
strain injuries.
• Incorporates comfort, efficiency, and safety into
the design of the workplace

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Keyboards on Mobile devices

• Typically are smaller and/or have fewer keys,

some phones have predictive text input, which
saves time when entering text using the phone’s
keypad

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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5
Mouse

• A pointing device that fits under the palm of your

hand comfortably.
• Optical mouse, laser mouse, and touch mouse

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Other Pointing Devices

• Trackball is • Touchpad is
a stationary • Pointing stick
a small, flat, is a pressure-
pointing rectangular sensitive
device with pointing pointing
a ball on its device that device shaped
top or side is sensitive like a pencil
to pressure eraser that is
and motion positioned
between keys
on a keyboard
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Touch Screens

• A touch-sensitive display device

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 Stylus and Digital Pen

• Stylus - is a small metal or

plastic device that looks like
a tiny ink pen but uses
pressure instead of ink.

• Digital pen - slightly larger

than a stylus, provides
more functionality than a
stylus, featuring electronic
erasers and programmable
buttons.
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Graphics Tablet

• Also called a digitizer

• Electronic plastic board that detects and converts

movements of a stylus or digital pen into signals that are
sent to the computer.

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Motion Input

• Sometimes called
gesture recognition,
enable users to guide
on-screen elements by
moving a handheld
input device through
the air.

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Motion Input

• Air gestures - involve moving your body or a

handheld input device through the air.

• Facial motion - captures converts people’s

facial movements into digital format while they
talk, smile, and more.

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Voice Input
• The process of entering input by
speaking into a microphone

• Voice recognition, also

called speech recognition, is the
computer or mobile device’s
capability of distinguishing
spoken words

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Video Input

• The process of capturing full-motion images and storing

them on a computer or mobile device’s storage medium

Record video on a digital video

(DV) camera

Transfer video to a
computer or mobile device
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WebCam

• A type of DV camera that enables a user to:

Send email
Capture video and Add live images to
messages with
still images instant messages
video attachments

Broadcast live
Conduct
images over the Make video calls
videoconferences
Internet

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VideoConference

• A meeting between two or more geographically

separated people who use a network or the
internet to transmit audio and video data.

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Scanners and Reading Devices

• Scanner is a light-sensing input device that

reads printed text and graphics and then
translates the results into a form the computer
can process

• A flatbed scanner works in a manner similar to a

copy machine except it creates a file of the document
in memory instead of a paper copy

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Scanners and Reading Devices

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Optical Reader

• Device that uses a light source to read characters, marks,

and codes and then converts them into digital data that a
computer can process
• Optical character recognition (OCR)
• Optical mark recognition (OMR)

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Bar Code Reader
• Also called a bar code scanner
uses laser beams to read bar
codes

• A QR (quick response) code

also known as 2-D bar code,
stores information in both
vertical and horizontal direction.

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RFID Reader

• RFID (radio frequency identification) uses radio signals

to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an
object
• An RFID reader reads information on the tag via radio
waves RFID can track:
Tracking times of Tracking location
Checking lift Managing
runners in a of people and
tickets of skiers inventory
marathon other items

Gauging temperature and

Checking out Providing access to
pressure of tires on a
library books rooms or buildings
vehicle 42
Magstripe Reader (Magnetic Stripe)

• Read the magnetic stripe on the back of cards

such as:
Credit cards

Entertainment cards

Bank cards

Identification cards

Other similar cards

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MICR
• Magnetic ink character recognition, device that
read text printed with magnetized ink.
• MICR reader converts MICR characters into a form the
computer can process.
• Banking industry uses MICR for check processing

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Data Collection Devices
• Device that obtain data directly at the location
where the transaction or event takes place.

• Used in restaurants, grocery stores, factories,

warehouses, the outdoors, or other locations
where heat, humidity, and cleanliness are not
easy to control

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What Is Output?

• Data that has been

processed into a useful
form

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Display Device

• A display visually conveys text, graphics, and

video information.
• A monitor is a display that is packaged as a
separate peripheral device
• LCD monitor

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Display Technology

• LCD – Liquid crystal display

• LED – Light emitting diode technology
• OLED – organic LED
• uses organic molecules that are self-illuminating and,
do not require a backlight, consume less power.
• AMOLED or Retina Display technology
• Active-matrix OLED.

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Display Quality

• Resolution
• number of horizontal and vertical pixels in a display.
• Response time
• refers to the time in milliseconds (ms) that it takes to
turn a pixel on or off.
• Brightness
• measured in nits (unit of visible light intensity equal to
1 candela (formerly called candlepower) per square
meter. Candela is the standard unit of luminous
intensity.
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Display Quality

• Dot pitch
• Also called pixel pitch, is the distance in millimeters
between pixels on a display.

• Contrast ratio
• Describes the difference in light intensity between the
brightest white and darkest black that can be
produced on a display.

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Display Device

• To display the highest quality images, the monitor

should plug into:
• DVI (Digital video Interface) port
• HDMI (High- Definition Media Interface) port
• Display Port
• Supports DVI and HDMI

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Digital Television (DTV)
• Used for alternative display.
• HDTV (high-definition TV) is
the most advanced form of
DTV
• Smart TV is an Internet-
enabled HDTV.
• Plasma display uses gas
plasma technology, which
sandwiches a layer of gas
between two glass plates.
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Printer

• Produces text and

graphics on a physical
medium
• Before purchasing a
printer, ask yourself a
series of questions

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Non-Impact Printers

• Forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper

without actually contacting the paper.

Ink-jet Photo Laser All-in-one

printers printers printers printers

Large-
Thermal Mobile
Plotters format
printers printers
printers

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InK-Jet Printer

• Forms characters and graphics by spraying tiny drops of

liquid ink onto a piece of paper.
• Color or black-and-white
• Speed is measured by the number of pages per minute
(ppm) it can print

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How an Ink-Jet Printer Works

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Photo Printers

Color printer that produces lab-quality pictures

• Many use ink-jet technology

• PictBridge (standard technology for photos) allows
you to print photos directly from a digital camera.
• Print from a memory card

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Laser Printer

High-
speed

Black-
and-
Laser High-
quality
white printer

Color

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All-in-One Printer

• Also called Multifunction printer( MFP) single

device that prints, scans, copies, and in some
cases, faxes.
• Sometimes called a multifunction printer

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Thermal Printer

• Generates images by pushing electrically heated

pins against the heat-sensitive paper

Dye-
sublimation
printer
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Mobile Printer

• A small, lightweight, battery-powered printer that

allows a mobile user to print from a mobile device

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Label Printers

• A small printer that prints on an adhesive-type

material that can be placed on a variety of items

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Plotter Printer

• Used to produce high-quality drawings such as

blueprints, maps, and circuit diagrams
• Large-format printer creates photo-realistic
quality color prints.

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Impact Printer

• Forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper

by striking a mechanism against an inked ribbon
that physically contacts the paper

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Other Output Devices

• Many users attach surround sound speakers or

speaker systems to their computers, game
consoles, and mobile devices to generate higher-
quality sounds

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HeadPhones and Earbuds
• Headphones are speakers
that cover or are placed
outside of the ear.
• Earbuds (also called
earphones) rest inside the
ear canal.
• Headset is a device that
functions as both
headphones and a
microphone
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Data Projector
• A device that takes the text and images displaying on a
computer or mobile device screen and projects them on
a larger screen
• LCD projector
• DLP projector
(Digital Light
Processing)

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Interactive Whiteboard
• A touch-sensitive device, resembling a dry-erase board,
that displays the image on a connected computer screen

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Other Output Devices

• Joysticks, wheels, gamepads, and motion-sensing

game controllers can be considered output
devices when they include force feedback
• Technology that sends resistance to the device in
response to actions of the user

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Assistive Technology Input and Output

Head-mounted pointer Braille printer

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 Discovering Computers
Technology in a World of Computers,
Mobile Devices, and the Internet

Chapter
Module 2 7
Input and Output