INTRODUCTION

TO COMPUTING
The Computer,
Mobile, and
Other Devices
Lesson 1
Computer
• electronic computing device
• operating under controlled set
of instructions
• capable of accepting data,
processing the instruction,
and producing information
 Computer Concepts
Data unprocessed/raw

Information processed/raw

Computer Literacy
working understanding of
computer fundamentals
 3 measurements to
assess Computer Literacy
1) Awareness
2) Knowledge
3) Interaction
 Computer Concepts
Hardware
Computers contain many electric, electronic, and
mechanical components.

Software/Program
instructions made for a purpose

User
anyone who utilizes computer
 Categories of Computer

Personal Computer

desktop
• fixed location
• screen is housed in a display device (or
display) that is separate from a tower
 Categories of Computer

Personal Computer

all in one
• does not contain a tower
• some are support touch
 Categories of Computer

Personal Computer- Mobile Computers

laptop
• also called “notebook”
• thin, lightweight mobile computers
 Categories of Computer

Personal Computer- Mobile Computers

tablet
• smaller than a laptop but larger than a
phone
 Categories of Computer
Personal Computer- Mobile Devices
Mobile Devices
• usually pocket-sized smartphones
• store programs and data permanently
on memory or small storage media such
as memory cards
• people connect it to a personal
computer for data exchange
• Internet-enabled
4 Types of
Messages
Messaging
1) Voice Mail Message
2) Text Message Services
3) Picture Message telecom companies that charge
4) Video Message additional fees
Image Capturing Services
digital camera
take photos and store the
photographed images digitally

webcam
transmit captured images to a
computer for Internet transmission
Portable and Digital Media Players
• mobile devices to store, organize, and play or view digital media

digital video player

mp3 player
Digital Convergence
• phenomenon of combining different media, information, voice
telephony, television, etc., into a single service
• surfing the Internet on smart TV
E-book Reader
• (short for an electronic book reader), or e-reader is a mobile
device used primarily for reading e-books
Game Devices
• a mobile computing device designed for single-player or
multiplayer video games
Input-Process-Output
 Input-Process-Output
Input
data or instructions are put into a computer

Input Device
pieces of hardware that turn words, numbers, sounds,
images, and gestures that people can understand into a
form that the system unit can understand
 Input Devices
Keyboard
contain keys pressed to enter data and instructions to
a computer or mobile device.
Desktop keyboards have a typing area that
includes letters of the alphabet, numbers,
punctuation marks, and other basic keys.
Some users prefer a wireless keyboard
because it eliminates the clutter of a cord.
 Input Devices
An on-screen keyboard or virtual keyboard is a keyboard that
projects from a device to a flat surface.

Pointing Devices
allows a user to control a small symbol on the screen
called a pointer.
 Input Devices
Mouse is a pointing device
that comfortably fits under
your hand’s palm

Touchpad is a small, flat,

rectangular pointing device
sensitive to pressure and motion.
 Input Devices
Touch Screen A touch screen lets people choose
commands or actions by touching the screen with
their finger or a stylus.
 Input Devices
Voice and video input are mobile devices and computers
that enable you to speak instructions using voice input
and capture live full motion using video input.

• Use voice to send a text message

• Schedule an appointment
• Dial a number
• Video call instead of a voice phone call
 Input Devices
A microphone an input
device that lets you speak
into a computer or mobile
device
A webcam a camera that
allows you to capture
video and audio input
 Input Devices
Scanners a light-sensing input device that converts
printed text and images into a form the computer can
process.
 Input Devices
Card Readers - an electronic sensor
that reads a magnetic strip or bar code
on a credit card, membership card, etc.

Bar Code Readers - capture

and translate barcodes into
numbers and/or letters for
translation by computer.
 Input Devices
RFID Readers RFID (radio-frequency
identification) tags are tiny chips that
can be put in almost anything. You can
find them on consumer goods, driver's
licenses, passports, and many other
things. These chips store information
electronically that can be read by an
RFID reader a few yards away.
 Input Devices
Character and Mark Recognition Devices are
scanners that can recognize special characters and
marks. They are specialty devices that are essential
tools for certain applications. Three types are:

• Magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR)

• Optical character recognition (OCR)
• Optical mark recognition (OMR)
 Input Devices

Magnetic-ink character
recognition (MICR)—used
by banks to automatically
read those unusual numbers
on the bottom of checks and
deposit slips.
 Input Devices
Optical character recognition
(OCR)— uses special preprinted
characters that can be read by a
light source and changed into
machine-readable code. A
common OCR device is the
handheld wand reader.
 Input Devices
Optical mark recognition
(OMR) senses the presence or
absence of a mark, such as a
pencil mark. OMR is often used
to score standardized multiple-
choice tests.
 Output Devices

An output device is any hardware component that

transmits information from a computer or mobile
device to one or more people.

Using an output device, users have various output

options to convey text, graphics, audio, and video.
 Output Devices

Printers - an output device Types of Printers

that produces text and • Inkjet printers
graphics on a physical • Laser Printers
medium, such as paper or • 3D printers
other material. • Thermal printers
• Plotters
 Output Devices
Inkjet printers spray ink at high
speed onto the surface of the
paper. This process produces
high-quality images in various
colors, making it ideal for
printing photos.
 Output Devices
Laser printer uses a technology
similar to a photocopying machine.
Laser printers use a laser light
beam to produce excellent letter
and graphics quality images. are
faster and are used in applications
requiring high-quality output.
 Output Devices
3D printers, also known as
additive manufacturing,
create three-dimensional
shapes by adding very thin
layer after layer of material
until the final shape is fully
formed.
 Output Devices
Thermal printers use heat
elements to produce
images on heat-sensitive
paper. These printers are
widely used with ATMs
and gasoline pumps to
print receipts.
 Output Devices
Plotters produce specialized
output. Plotters create maps,
pictures, and architectural and
engineering drawings using
graphics tablet output. Artists,
engineers, and architects utilize
plotters to print designs and
drawings.
 Output Devices

Displays an output device that visually

conveys text, graphics, and video information.
Displays consist of a screen and the
components that produce the information on
the screen. The display for a desktop usually is
a monitor, which is a separate, physical device.
 Output Devices

Digital projectors
project the images from
a traditional monitor
onto a screen or wall.
 Output Devices

Smart Phones allow

digital devices to
display images
 Output Devices
Speaker, Earbuds, and
Headphones allow you
to hear audio, music,
voice, and other sounds.
Most personal computers
and mobile devices have
a small internal speaker.
 Memory and Storage
Memory consists of electronic components that
store instructions waiting to be executed and the
data needed by those instructions. Although some
forms of memory are permanent, most memory
keeps data and instructions temporarily, which
means its contents are erased when the computer
is shut off.
 Memory and Storage

Storage, by contrast, holds data, instructions,

and information for future use. For example,
computers can permanently store hundreds
of millions of students’ names and addresses.
 Memory and Storage
Storage Media is part of the computer system that
keeps data, instructions, and information.
- Example of local storage media includes hard
disks, solid-state drives, USB (Universal Serial Bus)
flash drives, memory cards, and optical discs.
- The amount of storage for each type of storage
media varies.
- Some storage media are portable
 Memory and Storage
Storage Device records (writes) and/or retrieves
(read) items to and from storage media.
- Storage devices often also function as a source
of input and output because they transfer items
from storage to memory and vice versa.
- Drives and readers/writers, which are storage
devices, accept a specific kind of storage media.
For example, a DVD drive (storage device)
agrees with a DVD (storage media).
 Memory and Storage
A hard disk is a storage device
containing a flexible, circular
platter that uses magnetic
particles to store data,
instructions, and information.
A Solid State Drive (SSD) is
a storage device that
typically uses flash memory
to store data, instructions,
and information.
 Memory and Storage

USB Flash Drives is a

portable flash memory
storage device that you
plug in a USB port, a
unique, easily accessible
opening on a computer or
mobile device.
 Memory and Storage

Memory Cards are

removable flash memory,
usually bigger than 1.5
inches in height or width,
that you insert in and remove
from a slot in a computer,
mobile device, or card
reader/writer.
 Memory and Storage
An Optical Disc is a type of
storage media consisting of
a flat, round, portable metal
disc made of plastic and
lacquer written and read by
a laser.
Cloud Storage is an
Internet Service that
provides remote storage
to computer users.
Memory and Storage
Examples of Cloud Storages
 Memory and Storage
Multifunctional Devices
MFDs combine a scanner,
printer, fax, and copier.
Multipurpose devices save
money and space. They cost
as much as a competent
printer or copier but take up
less room. They're low quality
and unreliable.
 Memory and Storage
Virtual Reality Head-Mounted
Displays and Controllers
Virtual reality (VR) is an artificial
or simulated reality created in
3D by computers. It strives to
create a virtual or immersive
experience using specialized
hardware that includes a
headmounted display and
controller
 Memory and Storage
• VR head-mounted displays have earphones for
immersive sound, stereoscopic screens to
present 3D images, and gyroscopic sensors to
interpret head orientation.
• VR controllers have sensors that collect data
about your hand movements. Coupled with
software, this interactive sensory equipment lets
you immerse yourself in a computer-generated
world.
Characteristics of Computer

• It is a machine
• It is electronic
• It is automatic
• It can manipulate data
• It has memory
• It has logic functions
 Advantages of Using
Computers
The benefits of using computers are possible because
computers have the advantages of speed, reliability,
consistency, storage, and communication.
•Speed: When data, instructions, and information flow along
with electronic circuits in a computer, they travel at
breakneck speeds. Many computers process billions or
trillions of operations in a single second.
•Reliability: The electronic components in modern
computers are dependable because they rarely break or fail.
 Advantages of Using
Computers
•Consistency: Given the same input and processes, a
computer will produce the same results — consistently.
Computers generate error-free results and provide the
correct input and work instructions.
•Storage: Computers store enormous amounts of data and
make this data available for processing anytime it is needed.
•Communications: Today, most computers can
communicate wirelessly with other computers. Computers
allow users to communicate with one another.
 Disadvantages of Using
Computers
•Violation of Privacy: In many instances where
personal and confidential records stored on
computers were not protected adequately,
individuals have found their privacy violated, and
identities were stolen.
•Public Safety: Adults, teens, and children
worldwide are using computers to share their
photos, videos, journals, music, and other personal
information publicly.
 Disadvantages of Using
Computers
•Impact on Labor Force: Although computers have
improved productivity and created an entire industry
with hundreds of thousands of new jobs, the skills of
millions of employees have been replaced by
computers.
•Health Risks: Prolonged or improper computer use
can lead to health injuries or disorders.
 Disadvantages of Using
Computers
•Impact on the Environment: Computer
manufacturing processes and computer waste
are depleting natural resources and polluting the
environment.