Unit 3: Information and Communication Technology

(ICT) Skills

 Introduction to ICT
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) encompasses
all devices, applications, and systems that facilitate digital
interaction, including mobile phones, computers, the internet,
and more.
ICT help you to effectively utilise the knowledge and skills. The
basic ICT skills that you need are
 How to operate computers
 How to browse the Internet for collecting, storing the
information.
 Places where ICT is used
 ICT at Workplace – In workplace computer software and
applications is used to making documents, tables, graphs and to
do calculation.
 ICT at Home – In home people are use television for
entertainment and phones for calling up other people.
 ICT at Agriculture – Different agriculture related activities like
research, development and training is done using ICT.
 ICT at Banking and Finance – ICT helps banks to provide better
services to customers, online banking system, cusomers can
access the accounts etc.

 Smartphones
Smartphones are also known as mobile phone, these mobile
phone can be used at home or in office. Smartphone do not need
telephone line for communication, they use wireless mobile
network to make calls and to connect to the internet.
 Tablets
A tablet is small computers that combines input, output, and
processing capabilities into a single “touchscreen.” You may
perform a variety of tasks on a tablet just by touching the screen.
You may use it for all the same purposes as a computer or
smartphone.
 Commonly found applications in Smarphones
and tablet
App Name Working properties

Phone
Smartphone This app is used to make calls.
deals
 App Name Working properties

You can takes photos and videos

Camera
using camera.

You can send mail or recieve mail

Mail in the mobile phone using e-mail
app.

It is used to display calendar and

you can add appointments,
Calendar
reminders, and other information
in it.

It is used to store photos and

Photos videos and arrange them into
albums.

This app helps you to find

Map
directions of your destination
Smartphone
using GPS (Glabal Positionsing
deals
System).

Browser It helps you to browse the intenet.

Google store is a place where you

Google Play
can download different apps like
Store
Facebook, WhatsApp etc.

This shows the time and also sets

Clock
alarm, timers, etc.

This app helps you to send and

Messages receive messages from other
people.

This app is used to listen music in

Music
mobile phone.

Apple Store Apple devices have an Apple store

Smartphone where you can download and use
deals various apps.

 Difference between a smartphone and a

tablet are
 Smartphone Tablet
Screen size is smaller Has a bigger screen

Watching videos and

Watching a movie or making making changes to a
changes to a picture is photo is better and
difficult easier due to bigger
screen size

You need to charge phones Usually have a longer

more often battery life

 ICT Tools: Smartphones and Tablets – II

What is mobile layout?
Mobile layout means a visual structure of the mobile which helps the
user to interact with the mobile app. To use smartphone, you have to
know about basic layout –
 Power button – The purpose of power button is to start and shutdown the
mobile device.
 Screen – Screen helps to perform task by touching with fingers.
 Back button – Back button is used to go back to the previous screen in an
application.
 Microphone – Microphone is used to talk to someone else.
 Menu button – This is used to show the options available in a particular
app.
 Home button – This brings you back to the home Screen.
 Earpiece – This helps you to listen to voice calls.
 Volume button – This helps you to increase or reduce the sound of your
mobile.
 Basic features of a mobile device
The basic features of mobile device are –
  Parts of a Computer and peripherals
A computer system is a programmable device made to store and retrieve data as well as
carry out logical and mathematical operations to generate useful output.
Parts of a computer
 Keyboard – Keyboard is the input unit.
 Central Processing Unit – CPU is the processing unit.
 Monitor – Monitor is the output unit.
Common peripheral devices
1. Input Devices
These are used to enter data into the computer:
 Keyboard – Enters text and commands.
 Mouse – Points, clicks, and drags objects on the screen.
 Scanner – Converts physical documents into digital format.
 Microphone – Captures sound input.
 Webcam – Captures video and images.
 Joystick/Gamepad – Used for gaming input.
 Touchscreen – Both input and output; allows direct interaction with the screen.

🔹 2. Output Devices
These are used to display or output data from the computer:
 Monitor/Screen – Displays text, images, and videos.
 Printer – Produces hard copies of digital documents.
 Speakers – Output sound/audio.
 Projector – Projects computer display onto a wall or screen.

🔹 3. Input/Output (I/O) Devices

These perform both input and output functions:
 Touchscreen Monitor – Receives input through touch and displays output.
 External Hard Drive – Stores and retrieves data.
 USB Flash Drive – Portable storage and data transfer.
 Network Interface Card (NIC) – Sends and receives data over a network.
 Modem – Converts digital data to analog (and vice versa) for internet access.

Central Processing Unit

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is also known as brain of computer, CPU process all the
mathematical and logical problems received from the input device and gives the output to the
monitor just like a human brain.
There are 3 main parts of the CPU –
 Control unit – It controls different parts of computer.
 Processing unit – Performs all the mathematical and logical operation.
 Memory unit – It work as a storage room, where data is stored temporarily in RAM as well as for a
long time (ROM).
Understanding RAM and ROM
RAM stands for Random Access Memory; it is also known as volatile memory. RAM is used to
store the data that is currently open in the computer. ROM stands for read-only memory, which
stores the data and instruction permanently.

Difference between RAM and ROM –

RAM ROM

Permanently stores
Temporarily stores information
information

Information is stored
Information is lost when computer is switched off
when computer is off

Information can be
Information can be changed easily.
changed easily.

It is also known as non-

It is also known as volatile memory
volatile memory
Motherboard
The motherboard, is also known as the system board, is a main circuit board inside the computer,
it connects input, processing, and output devices.
Storage devices
Storage device is used to store the files and folders or digital information which you can carry
easily from one place to another place using USB flash drive, hard disk, CD, DVD drives etc.
Computer can measure the amount of data stored on a digital device using bits and bytes. The Bit
is a smallest storage unit (Bit represented by 0 or 1). Eight bits combined together and create one
byte.
 8 bits make a 1 byte
 1024 bytes make a 1 kilobyte (KB)
 1024 KB make 1 megabyte (MB)
 1024 megabyte make 1 gigabyte (GB)
 1024 gigabyte make 1 terabyte (TB)
Ports and connections
Ports are the slots or channels where we insert the cables for the external hard drive, mouse, and
keyboard. Ports helps us to connect input, output, and storage devices within a computer system.
There are several types of ports that you can use to connect an external device.
 USB Port – USB stands for Universal serial bus, USB helps to connects peripheral devices, such
as a mouse or a keyboard or a printer to a computer.
 Display port – It helps to connect monitor, or any display unit to the computer. There are two
types of display port Video Graphics Array (VGA) and High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI)
depending on the requirement.
 Audio ports – It help to connect microphone, speakers, and headphones to a computer system.
 Ethernet port – Ethernet port is used for connecting the system to high-speed Internet cable.
 Power port – Power port is used for connecting the computer system to the power supply.