Unit 3: ICT Skills

Session 1: Introduction to ICT To store Data we use many methods like

writing on paper, recording or we can type the content in digital
format. All these are used to store data. Some data are stored in digital
format in mobiles, computers or any other digital devices, these devices
are called ICT(information and communication technology) devices. In
this section, we will read about the functioning of some devices which
we use in daily life.
ICT at Workplace
ICT is a very important part of the workplace. Almost all the sectors of
the economy use ICT to store information and for the transaction of
money. Nowadays all the information is being digitalised as it is very
easy to send to many people in a very little time. At the workplace, we
use different programs to complete our tasks like in banking we use ICT
for maintaining records of people and for the transaction of money. In
the same manner, we use computers for editing videos, booking tickets,
animating, recording, storing data etc.
ICT at Home
ICT has also become a part of our home appliances. These days
Television is very common in every house for entertainment and Mobile
for calling. Now mobile is also used for online classes. Smartphones
with internet connections are very helpful to stay connected with our
friends, family through Facebook, Instagram etc.
Here are some examples of ICT uses in different sectors
Agriculture: Activities related to research and development Beauty and
Wellness: Use for Training programmes
Banking and Finance: Storing data and for the secure transaction of
money
Health Care: Research and development of health facilities

Session 2: ICT Tools: Smartphones and Tablets - I

Smartphone: Once the mobile phone was only used for talking but
nowadays smartphones came into existence. With smartphones we can
purchase things online, we can play games, watch movies, make a video
call, book a ticket and many more things. Android, IOS and Windows are
some common operating systems of smartphones.
Tablet: Tablet is also like a smartphone. It has a wider screen. Some
activities like reading and watching movies need a wider screen so we
use tablets. It can do almost all the things that a computer does.
TV and Radio: TV and Radio are used as ICT tools for a long time. Radio
is used to broadcast only sound. TV is used to broadcast both sound and
video. It is the easiest way to reach a large number of people at a time.
Applications or apps: Apps are just like a program on the computer.
different apps have different functions. Some apps are already present
on phones or tablets. There are many apps present in an online stores
like google play store and Apple App Store. We can purchase or
download it free of cost.
Commonly found Apps

Session 3: ICT Tools: Smartphones and Tablets — II

Mobile device layout
Power Button: used to start and shut down
Screen: on which we perform functions
Back Button: used to back screen
Microphone: Used while talking Menu Button: Used to show options
Home Button: It brings back the home screen
Earpiece: used to listen to the voice on calls
Volume Button: Used to increase or decrease sound

Basic features of a mobile device

Bluetooth: Short-range wireless connectivity
Rechargeable Battery: To powerup device
WiFi: To connect local area network or internet
Cellular Network: Provides network to Call, send messages and
connect with internet
GPS: to provide location services
Home Screen of a Mobile Device
Top: It s a status bar that displays icons of the network, wifi, battery
level etc.
Middle: the main part of the screen on which we do all tasks.
Bottom: It has a back, recent and home button
Basic Gesture use
Tap: to select
Tap and hold: It acts like right-click on the mouse which shows options
Pinch: to Zoom in or out Double-tap: to Zoom IN OR OUT.
Double-tap: to zoom
Session 4: Parts of a Computer and Peripherals
Input Device: Device through which we input data in a computer. Like-
Mouse, Keyboard
Keyboard
Types of keys on Keyboard
1. Function keys: Keys from F1 to F12 which performs special functions
2. Control Keys: Ctrl, Alt, Tab, Shift are control keys
3. Enter Key: to enter the data
4. Navigation Key: The four arrow keys(Up, Down, Left, Right) are
navigation keys
5. Command Keys: Delete and backspace are command keys.
6. Windows Keys: It opens the start menu
pointing Devices:
Mouse: It allows to control the pointer of the mouse on the screen and
select icons.
Joystick: It is commonly used for video games
Light pen: used to make graphic designs Graphic Tablet: It allows you to
write on the screen.
Touchscreen: To send touch signals to a computer Trackball: It is just like
a mouse but used for special purpose
Scanner: It scans the document and converts it into digital form
MICR: Magnetic Ink Character Reader used to read Cheques in Banks.
OCR: Optical Character Reader to convert books and prints to electronic
form
OMR: Optical Mark Reader used to detect marks on paper of MCQ type
exams Barcode Reader: It is used to read barcodes on different things
like books, food packets etc
Microphone (Mic): To Input audio
Uu2ku2k 5q56ssdsAB
Biometric Sensor: To input Fingerprints
Smart Card Reader: It reads Credit and Debit Cards
Output Devices
Output Devices are used to get the output of the task done on the
computer. First of All, we input some data and then it goes into
processing after all we get the final result.

We get output from these devices: Monitor, Printer, Plotter, Speaker,

Headphone, Projector, Speach Synthesizer

Central Processing Unit (CPU) It is the part of the computer which

carries out all the tasks. It mainly processes the input data and gives the
output data.

ALU: Arithmetic and Logic Unit carries out all logical and arithmetic
tasks like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, <,>,= etc.
Control Unit (CU): It mainly coordinates with input and output devices.
Motherboard A motherboard also referred to as a system board, is the
main circuit board inside a computer. It connects input, processing and
output devices.

Computer Memory It is a storage area where all the data is stored.

Primary Memory RAM: Random Access Memory is an internal memory

that is volatile means no data is saved in RAM. Only tasks are carried
out in this memory.

ROM: Read Only Memory stores all the data. It is non Volatile that
means once data is saved it remains there until you delete it. Secondary
Memory It is an external device to store data. Example: Pendrives, CDs,
External Hard Disk Drive, Memory Card etc.

Key Concepts • 8 bits make a byte • 1024 bytes make a kilobyte(KB). •

1024 KB make 1 megabyte (MB) • 1024 megabyte make 1 gigabyte (GB)
• 1024 gigabytes make 1 terabyte (TB)

Ports and connections The slots in which we connect a mouse,

keyboard, pen drive, internet etc.

USB: Universal Serial Bus Port used to connect a mouse, keyboard pen
drives Display Port: It connects video devices like Monitor and Projector
Audio Ports: It is used to connect audio devices like Mic, Speakers
Ethernet Port: It connects to high-speed internet Power Port: It is used
to connect the power supply.
Session 5: Basic Computer Operations Computer hardware: The physical
part of a computer which we can touch like monitor, CPU, UPS,
keyboard, Mouse etc are the hardware of the computer.

Software: The part that we cannot see or touch like programmes on a

computer. The software makes hardware work or interacts with
humans. The most important software is OS (Operating System). It
starts working as soon as we start the computer. Example: Windows,
Ubuntu, Linux etc.

Starting a computer To start a computer, press the Power button on the

CPU. This will start the Windows operating system and display the
Windows desktop on the monitor.

Basic functions performed when a computer starts When we start the

computer, it runs automatically a basic program BIOS which self tests. If
everything is ok then it runs OS and finally, the computer starts.

Login and logout When multiple users use the same computer and want
to secure their data separately then they can create login IDs. each one
has a different password to start the computer and after completing the
task logout is done.

Shutting down a computer It is a process to turn off the computer. To

shut down the computer in Ubuntu by clicking “Systems” at the top
right and then click on Shut Down. In windows, we can click Alt+F4 to
shut down the computer.
Files and folders

File: All information are kept in files. Files have names and extensions.
Different files have different extensions to identify the file types. Ex- .txt
for text document, .jpeg for image, .avi for video etc

Folder: It is a location where a group of files can be stored. We can

create a no. of folders inside the folder. A folder within folded is called a
subfolder.

Session 7: Communication and Networking — Basics of Internet

Internet is a huge network of computers around the world. World Wide
Web (WWW) is a collection of all websites we visit on the internet.

Uses Of Internet • Search information • Shopping • Online booking •

Entertainment • E-mail and chatting • Online learning • Social
networking • Online banking

Connecting to the Internet An Internet Service Provider (ISP)─i.e., the

telephone company which provides Internet connectivity using the
phone lines or a wireless network.

Types of connections (a) Wired connections: When the internet is

connected through a wired medium like ethernet cable. (b) Wireless
connection: When the internet is connected through a wireless medium
like Wifi.

Bandwidth: The amount of data transferred in a certain amount of time.

In analogue devices, the bandwidth is expressed in cycles per second, or
Hertz (Hz). Data transferred digitally is measured by bits per second
(bps)

1 Kbps (kilobits per second) = 1000 bits per second 1 Mbps (megabits
per second) = 1000 kilo bits per second 1 Gbps (gigabits per second) =
1,000 mega bits per second

Internet browser: The application software is used to visit websites.

Example -Chrome, Firefox

Session 8: Communication and Networking — Internet Browsing

World Wide Web (WWW) It is a vast network of files stored in

computers all over the world.It is made up of

1. Web Page: A web page is a document present on a computer that is

connected to the internet each webpage has a unique address like
https://www.crackmycbse.com. 2. Web browser: Application software
to use the information available on the Internet. Ex- Chrome, Opera,
Firefox 3. Hyperlinks: Highlighted words on a webpage. If you click on
that it will redirect you to another page.
Important parts of a web browser

(i) Address bar: To type the address of the webpage (ii) Tabbed
browsing (Ctrl+T): It is used to view multiple web pages in the same
window (iii) Back and forward buttons: Used to get back or next page
(iv) Refresh button (F5): To refresh the page
1
Session 9: Communication and Networking — Introduction to e-Mail
Electronic Mail (E-mail) is a quick way to send messages to people using
the internet. We can send videos, documents, spreadsheets, etc., along
with the e-mail as attachments. E-mail ID or Address The e-mail address
is made up of two parts separated by the @ symbol. Ex-
crackmycbse@gmail.com, crackmycbse is the name given by the user
and gmail.com domain which provides mail service. Advantages of e-
mail 1. Delivery of mail is very fast. 2. Cost of mail is almost free. 3.
Multiple copies can be sent at a time 4. pictures, documents can be
attached

Comparison between Post mail and E-mail.

Session 10: Communication and Networking — Creating an e-Mail

Account Go to gmail.com click on create an account. After filling in all
the details set up a new account.
Session 11: Communication and Networking— Writing an e-Mail To
write a new e-mail, connect to the Internet and open Gmail. Sign In
with your login Id. Click on compose and write the message. after
entering the mail address of the receiver set the mail.

Draft Folder: All emails are stored which are written but not sent.
Junk/Spam: The mail which is not useful is stored in it. Trash: Holds all
deleted emails.

Session 12: Communication and Networking — Receiving and Replying

to e-mails Receiving an e-mail: All emails received are in Inbox. Replying
to an e-mail: To reply to the email click on the reply button. Forwarding
an e-mail: To send the same message click on forward Deleting an e-
mail: Click on the delete icon to delete emails.

Basic ICT Skills Class 9 NCERT Questions and Answers

1. Give any two uses of ICT at home. Ans. ICT can be used at home to
play games, search information, listen to music, watch movies, send or
receive email, maintain household accounts, online shopping, pay bills,
do e-banking etc.
2. What are the emerging skills in ICT?
Ans. Emerging skill is an entire ability and talents of children which
includes all sort of skills such as communication, self learning, growing,
activeness, interaction, science, maths, drawing etc. This all skill assists
in observing that how far child is capable and talented.
3. What are the key skills one should possess to use ICT?
Ans. The skills needed to use efficiently the elementary functions of
information and communication technologies to retrieve, assess, store,
products, present and exchange information, and to communicate and
participate in collaborative networks via the internet.
4. Differentiate between smartphone vs. tablet. Answer – Smartphone –
Smartphones are just like a phone with some additional features,
Smartphones are compact and easy to use. Operating systems are the
main software. Some of the smartphones use Apple iOS, some are using
Android OS or some are using Microsoft OS. editing the videos or
photos is difficult on the smartphone.

Tablet – It is a portable personal computer with a touchscreen interface

which makes it more user friendly than the notebook computer.
Android OS, Apple iOS or Windows OS are the most common operating
systems used in the tablet. As compared to smartphones, tablet screens
are bigger in size.

5. What are the different types of keys in Keyboard? Answer – a.

Function keys – F1 to F12 are function keys in the keyboard, function
keys are used for specific purposes. b. Control keys – SHIFT, CONTROL
(CTRL),ALT, SPACEBAR, TAB AND CAPS LOCK are known as a control key,
these keys are used as per the demand. c. Enter key – ENTER or RETURN
keys are known as Enter key, depending on the brand of computer that
you are using. d. Punctuation keys – It includes keys for punctuation
marks, such as colon (:), semicolon (;), question mark (?), single
quotation marks (‘ ’), and double quotation marks (“ ”). e. Navigation
keys – END, HOME, PAGE DOWN, PAGE UP and Arrow keys are known as
navigation keys, these keys are used to move up, down, left or right in
the document. f. Command keys – BACKSPACE, INSERT (INS) and
DELETE(DEL) are known as command keys. INSERT key allows you to
overwrite characters to the right side. The DELETE command key and
BACKSPACE key are used to remove typed text, character, or any other
objects from the right and left side of the cursor. g. Windows key –
Windows key is used to open the Start menu.

6. Write a short note on uses of internet.

Ans. Uses Of Internet • Search information • Shopping • Online booking
• Entertainment • E-mail and chatting • Online learning • Social
networking • Online banking

7. List the steps to search for information using a web browser.

Ans. To see the information on the various websites, you need an
Internet Browser. An Internet Browser is an application or a software
program on your computer or laptop which helps you visit the various
websites. Some examples of browsers are Google Chrome, Mozilla
Firefox and Internet Explorer. Searching for information:
Do the steps below to search for information on the Internet.
 Open an Internet browser  Type the topic, on which you want
information, in the search box and hit the Enter key.  The search
results having the required information will be displayed.

8. What characters should the password have in e-mail address, to

make it more secure?
Ans. The password has to contain one numeral from 0 to 9, one upper
case and one lower case character from the English alphabet
Session 1: Introduction to ICT
1. Objectives of Information and communication technology?
Advantages and disadvantages of ICT.
Answer – Full form of ICT is Information and communication
technology. The goal of ICT is to bridge the gap between parents,
educators, and students by encouraging sustainable, cooperative, and
transparent communication methods.
Advantages of ICT
 Enhanced the modes of communication  Independent learning
platforms Cost – efficient  Enhanced data and information security 
Paperless – Eliminate the usage of paper  Better teaching and learning
methods  Web – based LMS tools
Disadvantages of ICT
 Traditional book and handwritten methods are at risk.  Managing
courses online is difficult  Teachers require experience to handle ICT 
Risk of cyber attacks and hacks  Misuse of technology
Session 2: ICT Tools: Smartphones and Tablets – I
2. What are the default apps installed on smartphones?
Answer – Some of the default apps installed on smartphones are
 Camera  Phone  Calendar  Mail  Maps  Clock  Message  Web
Browser  Music  Google Play store  Apple Store
Session 3: ICT Tools: Smartphones and Tablets – II
4. What are the features of mobile devices?
Answer – Some of the features present in mobile devices are
a. Bluetooth: Bluetooth is a wireless technology which connects with
other Bluetooth devices within 30 feet, you can send photos, songs or
video with the help of the Bluetooth.
b. Chargeable Battery: This is a portable power bank which can be
recharged. if once the battery is charged you can use this device
anywhere.
c. Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi stands for Wireless Fidelity, basically it is a wireless
network technology that connects your device to the internet or you
can connect to the local area network also.
d. Touch Screen: Touch Screen is an interface where you can manage
your device. Whatever information you want to type in the device you
can type using the touch screen.
e. Cellular network connectivity: Cellular network connectivity provides
the network through which you can make calls.
f. Global Positioning System: It is a navigation system which helps you to
find the direction of place using a map.
5. What is the purpose of gestures in mobile devices?
Answer – Gestures help users to interact with the touchscreen. for
example if you want to open an app instead of clicking you just touch
the app the application will be open.
Some of the gestures in mobile phone are
a. Tap and hold: Tap and hold is similar to right-clicking on a computer.
b. Swipe: Swipe the finger to right, left, up or down on the screen,
automatically the page will move to the next page.
c. Tap: Touch the screen with your finger, once, to click.
d. Double tap: Tap the screen twice time quickly the screen will zoom, it
is used to making the word appear bigger.
e. Drag: To tap, hold and move your finger across the screen.
f. Pinch: To bring your thumb and finger together on the screen
automatically the screen will be zoomed in. it is used to making the
word appear smaller.
Session 4: Parts of a Computer and Peripherals
6. What is the basic function of a Computer?
Answer – A computer is an electronic device which can accept data
from the user, process the data and generate meaningful results.
Computer have a three main units –
 Input Unit,  Central Processing Unit (CPU) and  Output Unit.
7. What are the different parts of the CPU?
Answer – A computer is made up of multiple parts that work together
to perform the processing and effective functioning of the computer.
The CPU performs all the basic arithmetic and logical operations of the
computer.
There are three main components of a CPU (Central Processing Unit)
 Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)  Control Unit (CU)  Memory Unit
(MU)
a. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) – Arithmetic and logical unit
performs all arithmetic and logical operations. for example subtraction,
addition, division and multiplication.
b. Control Unit (CU) – Control Unit instructs the computer system to
perform a particular task. It takes instructions from memory and
executes them.
c. Memory Unit (MU) – Memory Unit used to store data or instructions.
there are two type of memory unit
i. Primary Memory – Primary memory is also known as
main memory. This memory is directly accessed by the microprocessor.
Primary memory have two type RAM and ROM
i) RAM – RAM stands for Random access memory it
is short term memory, RAM is also known as Volatile memory and it
stores data temporarily.
ii) ROM – ROM stands for Read only memory it is
long term memory, ROM stores the data permanently.
ii. Secondary Memory – The device which is used to store
data permanently with the help of external devices is known as
Secondary memory. Example – Hard Disk, Flash drive, External drive etc.
8. What is Motherboard?
Answer – A motherboard provides connectivity between the hardware
components of a computer. It is also the backbone of the computer and
shares the information between them. It is a main circuit board inside a
computer that connects input, processing and output devices.
9. How is the data measured in the computer?
Answer – In the memory devices data is stored in the form of bits and
bytes. Bit is the smallest unit which represents 0 or 1. combination of
eight bits make a one byte. which store the numerical, letters or
symbols value in the memory.
 8 Bits = 01 Byte  1024 Bytes = 01 Kilobyte (KB)  1024 Kilobyte (KB) =
01 Megabyte (MB)  1024 Megabyte (MB) = 01 Gigabyte (GB)  1024
Gigabyte (GB) = 01 Terabyte (TB)
10. Where are the different ports in the computer system?
Answer – A port is a physical docking point using which an external
device can be connected to the computer. We can connect our
keyboard, mouse, printer and scanner through the port
There are several types of ports that you can use to connect a computer
to external devices.
a. Universal serial bus or the USB port – USB port is used to transfer
data, It also works as an interface for peripheral devices. It connects,
such as a mouse or a keyboard or a printer to a computer using the
cable.
b. Display port – Separate video connector is used for transmitting only
video signals. Display port connect the monitor to the display unit.
Different types of video connector are available, like High Definition
Multimedia Interface (HDMI) and Video Graphics Array depending on
the requirement.
c. Audio ports – Audio ports are used to connect speakers or other
audio devices with the computer. like headphones, speakers or
microphone. headphones and speaker port is known as line out port
and microphone port is known as line in port.
d. Ethernet – Ethernet port is used for connecting computers to the
network, with the ethernet port we can transfer data from one
computer to another or we can transfer high speed internet.
e. Power port – Power port is used for connecting the computer system
to the power supply.
Session 5: Basic Computer Operations
11. Difference between Hardware and Software?
Answer – A computer system consists of two main parts – the hardware
and the software.
a. Hardware – The physical parts of the computer are hardware,
hardware devices can be touch and feel. for example Mouse, Keyboard,
Monitor, CPU, etc.
b. Software – Software is made by programs; it is a set of instructions
used to execute specific tasks. for example Microsoft Office, Operating
System, Photo editing software.
12. In computer systems, what is the function of the BIOS?
Answer – BIOS stands for Basic Input/ Output System, Computer
automatically runs a basic program called BIOS as soon as it is switched
on or the power button is pushed on.
The BIOS first does a self-test. If the self-test shows that the computer is
fine, the BIOS will load the Operating System.
Session 6: Performing Basic File Operations
14. What are files and folders in a computer system?
Answer –
a. File – File is a collection of information different types of files store
different types of information. Every file has a file name and extension
that identifies the type of file.
b. Folder – Folder is a collection of files or a group of files.
Session 7: Communication and Networking – Basic of Internet
15. What is Bandwidth?
Answer – Bandwidth is the amount of data that can be transferred or
received every second. and it is measured by bps (Bite per second).
For example, In the water pipe the amount of water transmitted in a
certain time is known as bandwidth. The maximum amount of water
that can flow through the pipe is maximum bandwidth. Similarly, the
amount of data that can be sent or received in the network depends on
the bandwidth.
Bits per second is the unit of measurement for bandwidth (bps) in
computer networks and in analog devices it is measured as a cycle per
second.
Data transfer speed measured by the bits per second.
 1 Kbps (kilo bits per second) = 1,000 bits per second  1 Mbps
(megabits per second) = 1,000 kilobits per second  1 Gbps (gigabits per
second) = 1,000 megabits per second
Session 8: Communication and Networking – Internet Browsing
16. What is the World Wide Web?
Answer – WWW stands for World Wide Web, it is also known as a Web.
Web is a collection of websites and a website is a collection of web
pages. All websites and webpages are stored in the web server. The
Web is a vast network interlinked with each other.
It is made up of
A web page
A web browser
A system to transfer information between the web browser and the
web pages
Session 9: Communication and Networking Introduction to Email
17. What is email?
Answer – An electronic communication invented in the 1970s to do
communication faster, Email is fast and easy to use and it can be sent to
multiple people at the same time, Email containing videos, documents,
spreadsheets etc. can be sent along with the email as attachments.
Session 10: Communication and Networking – creating an email
account
18. Differentiate type of email provider?
Answer – If you want to create an email account, you can follow any
one of the provider
Gmail (run by Google)
Yahoo mail (run by Yahoo)
Outlook mail (run by Microsoft)
Session 11: Communication and Networking – Writing an email
19. Differentiate between CC & BCC?
Answer –
a. CC – When you want the email list to be visible to all recipients, and
you want to include all the recipients.
b. BCC – When you want to include additional recipients but don’t want
the recipient to know who else is receiving the email.
20. What are the different types of folders in email?
Answer – There are different folders that could help you manage and
organize your emails.
a. Inbox – By default email is received in the inbox.
b. Send – Send folder store emails that you have sent to other peoples.
c. Drafts – When you are writing an email and you have not sent the
email to any other user, that time email will be stored in draft by
default.
d. Trash – Trash holds deleted email from the inbox. To delete an email,
you select an email and then click on the Delete button for it to be
moved from inbox to trash folder
Session 12: Communication and Networking – Receiving and Replying to
email.
21. In email, what is the difference between respond and forward?
Answer –
a. Reply – Replying to an email means that you are answering the mail
you have got.
b. Forward – Forwarding an email is sending the mail to someone else
the way you have got.