Basic ICT Skills-I

Class 9 Notes

Information and communication technology is referred to as ICT. We can

communicate, manage our businesses, and stay connected with our family
and friends using ICT.

Session 1: Introduction to ICT

ICT help you to effectively utilise the knowledge and skills. The basic ICT skills
that you need are

• How to operate computers

• How to browse the Internet for collecting, storing the information.
Places where ICT is used
• ICT at Workplace – In workplace computer software and
applications is used to making documents, tables, graphs and to
do calculation.
• ICT at Home – In home people are use television for
entertainment and phones for calling up other people.
• ICT at Agriculture – Different agriculture related activities like
research, development and training is done using ICT.
• ICT at Banking and Finance – ICT helps banks to provide better
services to customers, online banking system, customers can
access the accounts etc.
Basic ICT skills class
Employability skills course
Session 2: ICT Tools: Smartphones and Tablets – I
Many people carry smartphones and tablets with them and use them for
everyday tasks like sharing photos and sending emails, these devices are
becoming more and more important. Without these, most people cannot work
in offices and home.

Smartphones
Smartphones are also known as mobile phone; these mobile phones can be
used at home or in office. Smartphone do not need telephone line for
communication, they use wireless mobile network to make calls and to
connect to the internet.

Some of the popular operating systems for smartphones are Android OS,
Apple iOS and Windows Mobile.
Tablets
A tablet is small computers that combines input, output, and processing
capabilities into a single “touchscreen.” You may perform a variety of tasks on
a tablet just by touching the screen. You may use it for all the same purposes
as a computer or smartphone.

TV and Radio
TV and radio are used as an ICT tool from a long time. While TV is used to
broadcast audio-visual content to a large audience, radio is used to broadcast
audio.

Applications or apps
Apps are software applications that carry out various tasks. They can be
defined as a collection of modules, procedures, or instructions that enable a
certain kind of computer operation. The phone or tablet already has some of
the apps. We refer to these as “default” apps.

Commonly found applications in Smarphones and tablet

App Name Working properties

Phone This app is used to make calls.

Camera You can takes photos and videos using camera.

You can send mail or receive mail in the mobile phone using e-
Mail
mail app.

It is used to display calendar and you can add appointments,

reminders, and other information in it.
Calendar
Smartphone app

Photos It is used to store photos and videos and arrange them into albums.

This app helps you to find directions of your destination using GPS
Map
(Global Positioning System).
 App Name Working properties

Browser It helps you to browse the internet.

Google Play Google store is a place where you can download different apps like
Store Facebook, WhatsApp etc.

Clock
This shows the time and also sets alarm, timers, etc.
Smartphone app

This app helps you to send and receive messages from other
Messages
people.

Music This app is used to listen music in mobile phone.

Apple devices have an Apple store where you can download and
Apple Store
use various apps.

Difference between a smartphone and a tablet are

Smartphone Tablet

Screen size is smaller Has a bigger screen

Watching videos and making

Watching a movie or making changes to a photo is better
changes to a picture is difficult and easier due to bigger
screen size

You need to charge phones more

Usually have a longer battery life
often
Session 3: ICT Tools: Smartphones and Tablets – II

What is mobile layout?

Mobile layout means a visual structure of the mobile which helps the user to
interact with the mobile app. To use smartphone, you have to know about
basic layout –

• Power button – The purpose of power button is to start and

shutdown the mobile device.
• Screen – Screen helps to perform task by touching with fingers.
• Back button – Back button is used to go back to the previous
screen in an application.
• Microphone – Microphone is used to talk to someone else.
• Menu button – This is used to show the options available in a
particular app.
• Home button – This brings you back to the home Screen.
• Earpiece – This helps you to listen to voice calls.
• Volume button – This helps you to increase or reduce the sound
of your mobile.
Basic features of a mobile device
The basic features of mobile device are –

Home screen of a mobile device

The home screen is the main screen of a mobile device, there are basically
three main parts of the
home screen.

• Status Bar – The top of the screen displays icons to show

network signal, battery life, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity,
3G/4G or 5G status etc.
• Main Screen – The main part of the screen contains icons/
shortcuts of application, this application can place any were.
• Dock – This a lower part of the screen which is used to move to a
different page in mobile phone.
Basic gestures used
You can interact with your mobile device’s touchscreen by making gestures.
For example, you can tap the touchscreen to launch an application rather of
using a mouse click.

• Tap
• Tap and hold
• Drag
• Swipe
• Double tap
• Pinch
Session 4: Parts of a Computer and peripherals
A computer system is a programmable device made to store and retrieve
data as well as carry out logical and mathematical operations to generate
useful output. The input unit, central processing unit (CPU), and output
unit are its three primary components.

• Keyboard – Keyboard is the input unit.

• Central Processing Unit – CPU is the processing unit.
• Monitor – Monitor is the output unit.
Central Processing Unit
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is also known as brain of computer, CPU
process all the mathematical and logical problems received from the input
device and gives the output to the monitor just like a human brain.

There are 3 main parts of the CPU –

• Control unit – It controls different parts of computer.

• Processing unit(ALU) – Performs all the mathematical and
logical operation.
• Memory unit – It work as a storage room, where data is stored
temporarily in RAM as well as for a long time (ROM).
Understanding RAM and ROM
RAM stands for Random Access Memory; it is also known as volatile memory.
RAM is used to store the data that is currently open in the computer. ROM
stands for read-only memory, which stores the data and instruction
permanently.

Difference between RAM and ROM –

RAM ROM

Temporarily stores information Permanently stores information

Information is lost when computer is Information is stored when computer

switched off is off

Information can be changed easily. Information can be changed easily.

It is also known as non-volatile

It is also known as volatile memory
memory
Motherboard
The motherboard, is also known as the system board, is a main circuit board
inside the computer, it connects input, processing, and output devices.

Storage devices
Storage device is used to store the files and folders or digital information
which you can carry easily from one place to another place using USB flash
drive, hard disk, CD, DVD drives etc.

Computer can measure the amount of data stored on a digital device using
bits and bytes. The Bit is a smallest storage unit (Bit represented by 0 or 1).
Eight bits combined together and create one byte.

• 8 bits make a 1 byte

• 1024 bytes make a 1 kilobyte (KB)
• 1024 KB make 1 megabyte (MB)
• 1024 megabyte make 1 gigabyte (GB)
• 1024 gigabyte make 1 terabyte (TB)
Ports and connections
Ports are the slots or channels where we insert the cables for the external
hard drive, mouse, and keyboard. Ports helps us to connect input, output, and
storage devices within a computer system. There are several types of ports
that you can use to connect an external device.

• USB Port – USB stands for Universal serial bus, USB helps to
connects peripheral devices, such as a mouse or a keyboard or a
printer to a computer.
• Display port – It helps to connect monitor, or any display unit to
the computer. There are two types of display port Video Graphics
Array (VGA) and High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI)
depending on the requirement.
• Audio ports – It help to connect microphone, speakers, and
headphones to a computer system.
• Ethernet port – Ethernet port is used for connecting the system
to high-speed Internet cable.
• Power port – Power port is used for connecting the computer
system to the power supply.
Session 5: Basic Computer Operations
A computer system consists of two main parts—the hardware and the
software.

• Hardware – The physical parts that we can see, and touch are
called the hardware. Example, Keyboard, monitor, CPU etc.
• Software – The software that we cannot see makes the hardware
work the way we want. for example, Operating System,
LibreOffice Writer etc.
Basic functions performed when a computer starts
When we switch on a computer, computer automatically runs a basic program
called BIOS (Basic Input/Output System). The BIOS first run a self-test. If the
self-test shows that the system is fine, the BIOS will load the Operating
System.

Using the keyboard

A keyboard helps to insert text, number and command into the computer.
There are various types of keys are available on keyboard –

• Function keys – Function keys start from F1 to F12 to perform

specific work. for example, F1 key is used to open help program
in computer.
• Control keys – Control keys perform special functions depend on
the purpose. for example, Control (CTRL), Shift, Spacebar and
ALT.
• Enter key – Enter and Return keys helps to move the cursor to
the beginning of a line.
• Punctuation keys – Colon (:), semicolon (;), single quotation
marks (‘ ‘), double quotation marks (” “) and question marks (?)
are known as punctuation keys.
• Navigation keys – The arrow keys, END, HOME, Page Up and
Page Down are known as navigation keys.
• Command keys – Insert (INS), Delete (DEL) and Backspace are
known as command keys.
• Windows key – Pressing this key opens the Start menu.
Using a mouse
A mouse is a small device that you can use to move, select, and open items
on your computer screen.

• Roll over/hover – Moving a mouse over a file or folder in file

explorer, it will show the details of file and folder.
• Point and click – The mouse allows you to select an item on the
screen.
• Drag and drop – move the item to a new location.
• Double-click – When we double-click the file icon, it will open the
file.
Session 6: Performing Basic File Operations

What is files and folders in computer system?

All the information in computer stored in files, every file name has a file
name and extension that identifies the file type. The file name and file
extension are separated by a period or a ‘dot’. for example, notepad file
has an extension ‘.txt’, image file has an extension ‘.jpg’, sound file has an
extension ‘.mp3’. Folder is a collection of files and sub folder.
Session 7: Communication and Networking – Basics
of Internet

What is Internet?
The Internet is a global network of interlinked computers and electronics
devices. It is a vast network system that links computers worldwide. Every
piece of information on the internet is kept in a webpage on the internet.

Uses of the Internet

There is no limit to what you can do online, but some of the most common
uses of internet are –

• Searching Information
• Online Shopping
• Online Banking
• Online learning
• Entertainment
• E-mail and chatting
• Social networking
Connecting to the Internet

To connect to the Internet, you need:

• A device, such as a computer, laptop or mobile.

• A connection device, i.e., a modem.
• An Internet Service Provider (ISP) – the telephone company
which provides the Internet connectivity.

Types of Internet Access

Internet Service Providers (ISPs) offer internet connections in the following

forms:

1. Dial-up Connection
o Uses a telephone line to connect to the internet.
o Very slow (maximum speed up to 56 kbps).
o Cannot use the telephone for calls while connected.
o Rarely used today because of low speed.
2. Broadband Connection
o High-speed internet connection using DSL, cable, or fiber-optic
lines.
o Always connected (no need to “dial in”).
o Speed is much faster than dial-up and supports activities like
video streaming, online gaming, and large file downloads.
3. Wireless Connection
 o Connects without cables using technologies like Wi-Fi, mobile
data (3G, 4G, 5G), or satellite internet.
o Allows mobility—you can connect from laptops, smartphones,
and tablets anywhere within range of the network.

Uses of the Internet

• Searching Information – Finding educational content, research

materials, and news.
• Online Communication – E-mail, video calls, and instant messaging.
• Entertainment – Watching movies, playing online games, and listening
to music.
• Online Shopping – Buying goods and services from e-commerce
websites.
• Online Banking – Managing bank accounts, transferring money, and
paying bills.
• Education and E-Learning – Attending online classes, courses, and
skill training.
• Social Networking – Connecting with friends and family through
platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter.

What is Bandwidth?
Bandwidth is the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted over a
network in a certain amount of time. The bandwidth commonly measured in
bits per second or bytes per second. for example, If bandwidth having a
capacity of 100 MBPS, it means that network cannot transfer the data more
than 100 MBPS.

The data transfer speed can be calculated in terms of bits per second, for
example,

• 1 Kbps (kilo bits per second) = 1000 bits per second

• 1 Mbps (mega bits per second) = 1000 kilo bits per second
• 1 Gbps (giga bits per second) = 1,000 mega bits per second

Session 8: Communication and Networking –

Internet Browsing

What is World Wide Web?

World wide web is a hypertext-based information, files, images and videos
stored in a web pages and accessible through the internet. This hypertext
helps you to navigate between the web pages.

World Wide Web is made up of –

 • A web page
• A web browser
• A system to transfer information between the web browser and
the web pages
What is Web page?
A web page is a document that is shared online and stored on a web server.
Every web page has a unique address which is known as domain name. For
example, the address of CBSE official website is https://cbse.nic.in, to open
web page you required web browser on your computer.

What is hyperlinks?
Websites contain multiple hyperlinks; these hyperlinks are highlighted and
underlined words with a blue color. This hyperlink helps you to navigate from
one page to another page or another section of the same page.

What is Internet browser?

An Internet Browser is an application or a software program on your computer
or laptop which helps you visit the various websites. Some examples
of browsers are Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and Microsoft Edge.

Important parts of a web browser –

• Address bar (Alt+d)

• Tabbed browsing (Ctrl+T)
• Back and forward buttons (Alt+Left or right arrow keys)
• Refresh button (F5)

Session 9: Communication and Networking –

Introduction to E-Mail

What is e-mail?
Electronic mail, or e-mail, is a quick way of sending messages to people using
the Internet. An e-mail address is made up of two parts separated by the @
symbol. The general format of an e-mail address is local_part@domain. for
example, “anuraganand2017@gmail.com”, the part before the @ is created by
the user, and the part after the @ is the domain name of the e-mail service
provider.

Advantages of e-mail

• e-mails can be sent to multiple users along with the attachments.

• e-Mail are fast as they reach anyone around the world
immediately
• e-Mail most services are free
• e-Mail are environment friendly, as no paper is used.
Session 10: Communication and Networking –
Creating an e-Mail account
To set up an e-mail account, there are a number of popular providers to
consider –

• Gmail (run by Google)

• Outlook mail (run by Microsoft)
• Yahoo mail (run by Yahoo)
Steps to open an e-mail account on Gmail
• Step 1: Open https://gmail.com
• Step 2: Click on “Create an account”
• Step 3: Fill the basic information, including username and
password
• Step 4: Click on Next button
• Step 5: Google “Welcome page will appear”
• Step 6: Click on “Continue to Gmail”
Session 11: Communication and Networking –
Writing an e-Mail

Writing an e-Mail
Gmail is a free e-mail application follow the following steps to writing an e-
Mail.

• Step 1: Connect to the Internet

• Step 2: Open Gmail “https://gmail.com” in google chrome
• Step 3: Type e-Mail ID and password
• Step 4: Click on “Sign in” button
• Step 5: Click on “COMPOSE” button on the gmail home page.
• Step 6: Write the information including Subject
• Step 7: Write e-Mail address
• Step 8: Click on “Send” button
Managing Folders in e-Mail Home page
There are different folders that could help you manage and organise your e-
Mails.

• Inbox – The Inbox holds e-mails.

• Sent – The Sent folder holds e-mails that you have sent to people
• Drafts – The Drafts folder holds all the e-mail you have started
writing, but not yet sent
• Junk/Spam – The Junk/Spam folder holds e-mails that may not
be useful
• Trash – The Trash can or folder holds e-mails that you no longer
need and have deleted.