CHAPTER ONE

REVISION
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored
in its own memory, that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified
rules, produce information (output), and store the information for future use.
A personal computer (PC) is a computer that can perform all of its input, processing,
output, and storage activities by itself and is intended to be used by one person at a
time.
Types of personal computers include laptops, tablets, and desktops, with the first
two sometimes called mobile computers. A mobile computer is a portable personal
computer, designed so that a user can carry it from place to place.
A user is anyone who interacts with a computer or mobile device, or utilizes the
information it generates.
A laptop, also called a notebook computer, is a thin, lightweight mobile computer with
a screen in its lid and a keyboard in its base.
A tablet is a thin, lighter-weight mobile computer that has a touch screen.
A desktop, or desktop computer, is a personal computer designed to be in a stationary
location, where all of its components fit on or under a desk or table.
A server is a computer dedicated to providing one or more services to other
computers or devices on a network.
A mobile device is a computing device small enough to hold in your hand. Because of
their reduced size, the screens on mobile devices are small — often between 3 and 5
inches.
A smartphone is an Internet-capable phone that usually also includes a calendar, an
address book, a calculator, a notepad, games, and several other apps .
Four popular types of messages
● A voice mail message
● A text message
● A picture message
● A video message
A digital camera is a device that allows you to take photos and store the
photographed images digitally.
A portable media player is a mobile device on which you can store, organize, and

BY: DURAAN XAAJI

play or view digital media.
An e-book reader (short for electronic book reader), or e-reader, is a mobile device that
is used primarily for reading e-books.
A wearable device or wearable is a small, mobile computing consumer device
designed to be worn.
Data is a collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images,
audio, and video.
Information conveys meaning to users. Both business and home users can make well-
informed decisions because they have instant access to information from anywhere in
the world
An input device is any hardware component that allows you to enter data and
instructions into a computer or mobile device
A keyboard contains keys you press to enter data and instructions into a computer or
mobile device
A pointing device is an input device that allows a user to control a small symbol on a
screen, called the pointer.
A mouse is a pointing device that fits under the palm of your hand comfortably.
A touchpad is a small, flat, rectangular pointing device that is sensitive to pressure and
motion.
A microphone is an input device that enables you to speak into a computer or mobile
device.
A webcam is a digital video (DV) camera that allows you to capture video and usually
audio input for your computer or mobile device.
A scanner is a light-sensing input device that converts printed text and images into a
form the computer can process
An output device is any hardware component that conveys information from a
computer or mobile device to one or more people.
A printer is an output device that produces text and graphics on a physical medium,
such as paper or other material.
A display is an output device that visually conveys text, graphics, and video information
Memory consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be
executed and the data needed by those instructions.
A hard disk is a storage device that contains one or more inflexible, circular platters
that use magnetic particles to store data, instructions, and information.
A solid-state drive (SSD) is a storage device that typically uses flash memory to store
data, instructions, and information.
Cloud storage is an Internet service that provides remote storage to computer users.
A backup is a duplicate of content on a storage medium that you can use in case the
original is lost, damaged, or destroyed
The Internet is a worldwide collection of computer networks that connects millions of
businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals.
The web consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents. Each electronic
BY: DURAAN XAAJI
document on the web is called a webpage, which can contain text, graphics, audio, and
video
A website is a collection of related webpages, which are stored on a web server.
A web server is a computer that delivers requested webpages to your computer or
mobile device.
A browser is software that enables users with an Internet connection to access and
view webpages on a computer or mobile device.
A search engine is software that finds websites, webpages, images, videos, news,
maps, and other information related to a specific topic.
An online social network, also called a social networking site, is a website that
encourages members in its online community to share their interests, ideas, stories,
photos, music, and videos with other registered use.
Malware, short for malicious software, is software that acts without a user’s
knowledge and deliberately alters the computer’s or mobile device’s operations.
Examples of malware include viruses, worms, trojan horses, rootkits, spyware, adware,
and zombies.
Prolonged or improper computer and mobile device use can lead to injuries or
disorders of the hands, wrists, elbows, eyes, neck, and back.
Green computing involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental
waste generated when using a computer.
Software, also called a program, consists of a series of related instructions, organized
for a common purpose, that tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to
perform them.
Two categories of software are system software and application software.
An operating system is a set of programs that coordinates all the activities among
computer or mobile device hardware.
An application (or app for short) consists of programs designed to make users more
productive and/or assist them with personal tasks
Applications include programs stored on a computer,
• A desktop app • A web app • A mobile ap
A software developer, sometimes called a developer or programmer, is someone who
develops programs and apps or writes the instructions that direct the computer or
mobile device to process data into information.
A communications device is hard ware capable of transferring items from computers
and devices to transmission media and vice versa. Examples of communications
devices are modems, wireless access points, and routers.
Wi-Fi uses radio signals to provide high-speed Internet and network connections to
computers and devices capable of communicating via Wi-Fi.
Bluetooth uses short-range radio signals to enable Bluetooth-enabled computers and
devices to communicate with each other.
Cellular radio uses the cellular network to enable high-speed Internet connections to
devices with built-in compatible technology, such as smartphones.
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A hot spot is a wireless network that provides Internet connections to mobile
computers and devices
A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together, often
wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media

CHAPTER TWO
REVISION
The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of
businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals. Each of the
networks on the Internet provides resources that add to the abundance of goods,
services, and information accessible via the Internet.
Evolution of the internet The Internet has its roots in a networking project started by
the Pentagon’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), an agency of the U.S.
Department of Defense. ARPA’s goal was to build a network that (1) allowed scientists
at different physical locations to share information and work together on military and
scientific projects and (2) could function even if part of the network were disabled or
destroyed by a disaster such as a nuclear attack. That network, called ARPANET,
became functional in September 1969, linking scientific and academic researchers
across the United States.
A hot spot is a wireless network that provides Internet connections to mobile
computers and devices.
An Internet service provider (ISP), sometimes called an Internet access provider, is a
business that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet free or for a
fee. ISPs often charge a fixed amount for an Internet connection, offering customers a
variety of plans based on desired speeds, bandwidth, and services. In addition to
Internet access, ISPs may include additional services, such as email and online storage.
Bandwidth represents the amount of data that travels over a network. A higher
bandwidth means more data transmits. Data sizes typically are stated in terms of
megabytes and gigabytes. A megabyte (MB) is equal to approximately one million

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characters, and a gigabyte (GB) is equal to approximately one billion characters.
An IP address, short for Internet Protocol address, is a sequence of numbers that
uniquely identifies the location of each computer or device connected to the Internet.
A domain name is a text-based name that corresponds to the IP address of a server
that hosts a website.
World Wide Web (WWW), or web, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic
documents. Each electronic document on the web is called a webpage, which can
contain text, graphics, animation, audio, and video. Some webpages are static (fixed);
others are dynamic (changing).
A website is a collection of related webpages and associated items, such as documents and
photos, stored on a web server.

A web server is a computer that delivers requested webpages to your computer or

mobile device.
A browser is an application that enables users with an Internet connection to access
and view webpages on a computer or mobile device.
Home page, refers to the first page that is displayed on a website.
A webpage has a unique address, called a web address or URL (Uniform Resource
Locator).
A web app is an application stored on a web server that you access through a browser.
Web app hosts usually provide storage for users’ data and information on their servers,
known as cloud storage.
A mobile app is an application you download from a mobile device’s app store or other
location on the Internet to a smartphone or other mobile device.
A web search engine is software that finds websites, webpages, images, videos, news,
maps, and other information related to a specific topic.
A social networking site, is a website that encourages members in its online
community to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other
registered users.
An informational and research website contains factual information. Examples
include libraries, encyclopedias, dictionaries, directories, guides and other types of
reference.
Media Sharing A media sharing site is a website that enables members to manage
and share media such as photos, videos, and music.
A bookmarking site is a website that enables members to organize, tag, and share
links to media and other online content.
An educational website offers exciting, challenging avenues for formal and informal
teaching and learning.
The web contains thousands of tutorials from learning how to fly airplanes to
learning how to cook a meal.
A business website contains content that increases brand awareness, provides
company background or other information, and/or promotes or sells products or

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services.
A wiki is a type of collaborative website that allows users to create, add, modify, or
delete the website content via a browser.
Several websites contain information about space exploration, astronomy, physics,
earth sciences, microgravity, robotics, and other branches of science.
An entertainment website offers music, videos, shows, performances, events, sports,
games, and more in an interactive and engaging environment.
Streaming is the process of transferring data in a continuous and even flow, which
allows users to access and use a file while it is transmitting.
Online banking and online trading enable users to access their financial records from
anywhere in the world, as long as they have an Internet connection.
Travel and tourism websites enable users to research travel options and make travel
arrangements.
Several mapping website and web apps exist that enable you to display up-to-date
maps by searching for an address, postal code, phone number, or point of interest (such
as an airport, lodging, or historical site).
E-commerce, short for electronic commerce, is a business transaction that occurs over
an electronic network, such as the Internet.
A portal is a website that offers a variety of Internet services from a single, convenient
location.
A content aggregation website or web app, sometimes called a curation website,
allows users to collect and compile content from a variety of websites about a particular
topic or theme
A graphic is a visual representation of nontext information, such as a drawing, chart, or
photo.
An infographic (short for information graphic) is a visual representation of data or
information, designed to communicate quickly, simplify complex concepts, or present
patterns or trends.
Animation, which is the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still
images in sequence.
Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to simulate a real or imagined environment
that appears as a three-dimensional (3-D) space. VR involves the display of 3-D images
that users explore and manipulate interactively.
A plug-in, or add-on, is a program that extends the capability of a browser.
Email (short for electronic mail) is the transmission of messages and files via a
computer network.
VoIP, short for Voice over IP (Internet Protocol), enables users to speak to other users
via their Internet connection.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard that permits file uploading and
downloading to and from other computers on the Internet.
Uploading is the process of transfer ring files from your computer or mobile device to a
server on the Internet.

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Netiquette, which is short for Internet etiquette, is the code of acceptable behaviors
users should follow while on the Internet; that is, it is the conduct expected of
individuals while only.

CHAPTER THREE REVISION

A mobile device is a computing device small enough to hold in your hand. Types of
computers and mobiles devices include laptops, tablets, and desktops; servers and
terminals; smartphones, digital cam eras, e-book readers, portable and digital media
players, and wearable devices; game devices; and embedded computers.
A mobile computer is a portable personal computer, such as a laptop or tablet,
designed so that a user easily can carry it from place to place, whereas a desktop is

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designed to be in a station ary location.
A personal computer (PC) is a mobile computer or desktop that can perform all of its
input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself and is intended to be used by
one person at a time.
Components that typically occupy space outside of a desktop include peripheral
devices such as a keyboard, mouse, and webcam (input devices); speakers and printer
(output devices); external hard drive (storage device); and possibly a router and/or
modem (communications devices).
A server is a computer dedicated to providing one or more services to other computers
or devices on a network
A rack server, sometimes called a rack-mounted server, is a server that is housed in a
slot (bay) on a metal frame (rack).
A blade server is a server in the form of a single circuit board, or blade
A tower server is a server built into an upright cabinet (tower) that stands alone.
A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful server that can handle hundreds or
thousands of connected users simultaneously.
A terminal is a computer, usually with limited processing power, that enables users to
send data to and/or receive information from a server, or host computer.
An ATM (automated teller machine) is a self-service banking terminal that connects to
a host computer through a network
Using an ATM, people withdraw and deposit money, transfer funds, or inquire about an
account balance.
A self-service kiosk is a freestanding terminal that usually has a touch screen for user
interaction.
A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer — and the most expensive
(Figure 3-13). Supercomputers are capable of processing many trillions of instructions
in a single second
Cloud computing refers to an environment that provides resources and services
accessed via the Internet
A digital camera is a mobile device that allows users to take photos and store the
photographed images digitally.
photo Quality Resolution affects the quality of digital camera photos.
Resolution is the number of horizontal and vertical pixels in a display. A pixel (short for
picture element) is the smallest element in an electronic image.
A game console is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or
multiplayer video games.
A handheld game device is a small mobile device that contains a screen, speakers,
controls, and game console all in one unit.
Motion-sensing game controllers allow users to guide on-screen elements with air
gestures, that is, by moving their body or a handheld input device through the air.
An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a
component in a larger product. Embedded computers are everywhere — at home, in your

BY: DURAAN XAAJI

car, and at work.
• Consumer electronics: Mobile phones, digital phones, digital televisions, cameras,
video recorders, DVD players and recorders, answering machines.
• Home automation devices: Thermostats, sprinkling systems, security systems,
vacuum systems, appliances, lights
• Automobiles: Antilock brakes, engine control modules, electronic stability control,
airbag control unit, cruise control, navigation systems and GPS receivers.
• Process controllers and robotics: Remote monitoring systems, power monitors,
machine controllers, medical devices.
• Computer devices and office machines: Keyboards, printers, fax and copy
machines
A connector joins a cable to a port. A connector at one end of a cable attaches to a
port on the computer or mobile device, and a connector at the other end of the cable
attaches to a port on the peripheral device.
A USB port, short for universal serial bus port, can connect up to 127 different
peripheral devices together with a single connector.
A port replicator is an external device that provides connections to peripheral devices
through ports built into the device.
NFC (near field communications) uses close-range radio signals to transmit data
between two NFC-enabled devices. Examples of NFC-enabled devices include
smartphones, digital cameras, computers, televisions, and terminals.
A repetitive strain injury (RSI) is an injury or disorder of the muscles, nerves, tendons,
ligaments, and joints. Technology-
• Tendonitis is inflammation of a tendon due to repeated motion or stress on that
tendon.
• Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is inflammation of the nerve that connects the
forearm to the palm of the hand
Long-term computer work can lead to tendonitis or CTS. Factors that cause these
disorders include prolonged typing, prolonged mouse usage, or continual shifting
between the mouse and the keyboard. If untreated, these disorders can lead to
permanent physical damage.
Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is a technology-related health condition that
affects eyesight. You may have CVS if you have sore, tired, burning, itching, or dry eyes;
blurred or double vision after prolonged staring at a display device; headache or sore
neck; difficulty shifting focus between a display device and documents; difficulty
focusing on the screen image; color fringes or after-images when you look away from
the display device.
Ergonomics is an applied science devoted to incorporating comfort, efficiency, and
safety into the design of items in the workplace. Ergonomic studies have shown that
using the correct type and configuration of chair, keyboard, display, and work surface
helps users work comfortably and efficiently and helps protect their health.
Technology addiction occurs when technology use consumes someone’s entire social

BY: DURAAN XAAJI

life. Technology addiction is a growing health problem, but it can be treated through
therapy and support groups.

CHAPTER FOUR REVISION

An application, or app, sometimes called application software, consists of programs designed
to make users more productive and/or assist them with personal tasks.

An operating system is a set of programs that coordinates all the activities among computer
or mobile device hardware.

Productivity applications can assist you in becoming more effective and efficient while
performing daily activities at work, school, and home.

Developing Projects With productivity applications, users often create, edit, format, save, and
distribute projects. Projects include documents, presentations, spreadsheets, notes, calendars,
contact lists, budgets, and more.

Word processing software, sometimes called a word processor, is an application that allows
users to create and manipulate documents containing mostly text and sometimes graphics

Presentation software is an application that allows users to create visual aids for
presentations to communicate ideas, messages, and other information to a group.

Spreadsheet software is an application that allows users to organize data in columns and
rows and perform calculations on the data.

A database is a collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, retrieval, and use of
that data.

Database software is an application that allows users to create, access, and manage a
database.

Note taking software is an application that enables users to enter typed text, handwritten
comments, drawings, sketches, photos, and links anywhere on a page and then save the page as
part of a notebook,

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Calendar and contact management software is an application that helps you organize
your calendar, keep track of contacts, and share this information with other users, who can view it on
their computers and mobile devices.

A software suite is a collection of individual related applications available together as a unit.

Project management software is an application that allows a user to plan, schedule, track,
and analyze the events, resources, and costs of a project.

Accounting software is an application that helps businesses of all sizes record and report their
financial transactions.

Legal software is an application that assists in the preparation of legal documents and provides
legal information to individuals, families, and small businesses.

A large organization, commonly referred to as an enterprise, requires special computing

solutions because of its size and geographic distribution.

Graphics and media applications include computer-aided design, desktop publishing, paint/
image editing, photo editing and photo management, video and audio editing, multimedia and
website authoring, media players, and disc burning.

Computer-aided design (CAD) software is a type of application that assists professionals

and designers in creating engineering, architectural, and scientific designs and models.

Desktop publishing software (DTP software) is an application that enables designers to

create sophisticated publications that contain text, graphics, and many colors.

Paint software, also called illustration software, is an application that allows users to draw
pictures, shapes, and other graphics with various on-screen tools, such as a pen, brush, eye dropper,
and paint bucket. Image editing software is an application that provides the capabilities of paint
software and also includes the capability to enhance and modify existing photos and images.

Photo editing software is a type of image editing soft ware that allows users to edit and
customize digital photos.

Video editing software is an application that allows professionals to modify a segment of a

video, called a clip.

Audio editing software is an application that enables users to modify audio clips, produce
studio-quality soundtracks, and add audio to video clips.

A media player is a program that allows you to view images and animations, listen to audio, and
watch video files on your computer or mobile device.

Disc burning software writes text, graphics, audio, and video files on a recordable or rewritable
disc.

A personal firewall is a security tool that detects and protects a personal computer and its data
from unauthorized intrusions.

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A computer virus is a potentially damaging program that affects a computer or device
negatively by altering the way it works.

An antivirus program protects a computer against viruses by identifying and removing any
computer viruses found in memory, on storage media, or on incoming files.

A quarantine is a separate area of a hard drive that holds the infected file until the infection can
be removed.

Spyware is a type of program placed on a computer or mobile device without the user’s knowledge
that secretly collects information about the user and then communicates the information it collects
to some outside source while the user is online.

Adware is a type of program that displays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up or pop-
under window on webpages, email messages, or other Internet services.

A spyware remover is a type of program that detects and deletes spyware and similar
programs. An adware remover is a program that detects and deletes adware. Malware removers
detect and delete spyware, adware, and other malware.

An anti-spam program is a filtering program that attempts to remove spam before it reaches
your inbox or forum.

A file manager is a tool that performs functions related to file management. Some of the file
management functions that a file manager performs are displaying a list of files on a storage
medium.

A folder is a specific named location on a storage medium that contains related files.
An image viewer is a tool that allows users to display, copy, and print the contents of a graphics
file, such as a photo.

An uninstaller is a tool that removes a program, as well as any associated entries in the system
files.

A disk cleanup tool searches for and removes unnecessary files.

A disk defragmenter is a tool that reorganizes the files and unused space on a computer’s hard
disk so that the operating system accesses data more quickly and programs run faster.

A screen saver is a tool that causes a display device’s screen to show a moving image or blank
screen if no keyboard or mouse activity occurs for a specified time.

A file compression tool shrinks the size of a file(s). A compressed file takes up less storage
space than the original file.

A PC maintenance tool is a program that identifies and fixes operating system problems,
detects and repairs drive problems, and includes the capability of improving a computer’s
performance.

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A backup tool allows users to copy, or back up, selected files or the contents of an entire storage
medium to another storage location, such as another hard drive, optical disc, USB flash drive, or
cloud storage.

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