Ultimate Java Notes for University
Management System
1. Core Java Fundamentals
- Data Types: int, float, double, char, boolean, String.
- Control Statements: if-else, switch, for, while, do-while.
- Methods:
public int add(int a, int b) { return a+b; }
- Arrays and Strings (immutable, StringBuilder mutable).
- Example:
String s="Hello"; String t=new String("Hello");
StringBuilder sb=new StringBuilder("Hi"); sb.append(" Ila");
2. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
- Class & Object: Building blocks of Java.
class Student {
String name;
int roll;
void display() { System.out.println(name+" "+roll); }
}
- Encapsulation: private fields + getters/setters.
class Student {
private String name;
public void setName(String n){ name=n; }
public String getName(){ return name; }
}
- Inheritance: Parent → Child.
class Person { String name; }
class Student extends Person { int roll; }
- Polymorphism:
- Overloading (compile time)
- Overriding (runtime)
class Person { void show(){ System.out.println("Person"); } }
class Student extends Person { void show(){ System.out.println("Student"); } }
- Abstraction: Abstract classes & Interfaces.
abstract class Shape { abstract void draw(); }
class Circle extends Shape { void draw(){ System.out.println("Circle"); } }
3. Exception Handling
- try-catch-finally blocks.
try { int x=10/0; }
catch(Exception e){ System.out.println("Error: "+e); }
finally{ System.out.println("Executes always"); }
- throw & throws keywords.
void check(int age) throws Exception {
if(age<18) throw new Exception("Not valid");
}
- Custom Exceptions:
class MyException extends Exception {
MyException(String msg){ super(msg); }
}
4. Collections Framework
- List (ArrayList, LinkedList).
ArrayList<String> list=new ArrayList<>();
list.add("Alice");
- Set (HashSet, TreeSet).
HashSet<Integer> set=new HashSet<>();
set.add(1); set.add(2);
- Map (HashMap, TreeMap).
HashMap<Integer,String> map=new HashMap<>();
map.put(1,"CSE"); map.put(2,"ECE");
- Iteration using for-each and Iterator.
5. Java I/O
- FileReader/FileWriter.
FileWriter fw=new FileWriter("out.txt");
fw.write("Hello"); fw.close();
- BufferedReader/BufferedWriter for efficient reading/writing.
- Serialization for saving objects.
6. Java Swing (UI for UMS)
- JFrame, JPanel, JButton, JTextField, JTable, JLabel.
JFrame f=new JFrame("Demo");
JButton b=new JButton("Click");
f.add(b); f.setSize(300,300); f.setVisible(true);
- Layouts: BorderLayout, FlowLayout, GridLayout.
- Event Handling:
b.addActionListener(e->System.out.println("Button clicked"));
7. JDBC (Database Connectivity)
Steps:
1. Load Driver:
Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
2. Create Connection:
Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,pass);
3. Create Statement/PreparedStatement.
4. Execute Query.
5. Close Connection.
Example Insert:
String q="INSERT INTO student VALUES(?,?,?,?)";
PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement(q);
ps.setInt(1,rollno);
ps.setString(2,name);
ps.setString(3,course);
ps.setInt(4,year);
ps.executeUpdate();
8. SQL Queries for UMS
- CREATE TABLE student(rollno INT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(50), course
VARCHAR(50), branch VARCHAR(50));
- INSERT INTO student VALUES(1,'Ila','CSE','AI');
- UPDATE student SET course='ECE' WHERE rollno=1;
- DELETE FROM student WHERE rollno=1;
- SELECT * FROM student;
9. Advanced Topics
- Multi-threading: Threads in Swing (for responsiveness).
- Synchronization: Locking shared resources.
- Lambda Expressions: Used for event handling.
- Stream API: For processing collections (Java 8+).
list.stream().filter(x->x.startsWith("A")).forEach(System.out::println);
