Python Basic Exercises with Solutions

# 1. Accept two numbers and perform basic arithmetic operations

num1 = float(input("Enter the first number: "))

num2 = float(input("Enter the second number: "))

print(f"Addition: {num1 + num2}")

print(f"Subtraction: {num1 - num2}")

print(f"Multiplication: {num1 * num2}")

if num2 != 0:

print(f"Division: {num1 / num2}")

else:

print("Division by zero is not allowed.")

# 2. Famous quote with escape characters

quote = "\"Imagination is more important than knowledge.\""

author = "Albert Einstein"

print(f"{author} once said, {quote}")

# 3. Check even or odd

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if number % 2 == 0:

print("The number is even.")

else:

print("The number is odd.")

# 4. Grade checker
score = int(input("Enter student's score (0-100): "))

if 0 <= score <= 100:

if score >= 90:

print("Grade: A")

elif score >= 80:

print("Grade: B")

elif score >= 70:

print("Grade: C")

elif score >= 60:

print("Grade: D")

else:

print("Grade: F")

else:

print("Invalid score.")

# 5. Reverse a string

text = input("Enter a string: ")

print(f"Original: {text}, Length: {len(text)}")

print(f"Reversed: {text[::-1]}")

# 6. Check palindrome

word = input("Enter a string to check palindrome: ").lower()

if word == word[::-1]:

print("It's a palindrome.")

else:

print("Not a palindrome.")
# 7. Count words in a sentence

sentence = input("Enter a sentence: ")

words = sentence.split()

print(f"Word count: {len(words)}")

# 8. Find character count and first position

text = input("Enter a sentence: ")

char = input("Enter a character: ")

print(f"Character count: {text.count(char)}")

print(f"First occurrence at index: {text.find(char)}")

# 9. List operations

nums = [int(input(f"Enter number {i+1}: ")) for i in range(5)]

print("List:", nums)

new_num = int(input("Enter a number to add: "))

nums.append(new_num)

nums.sort()

print("Sorted list:", nums)

remove_num = int(input("Enter number to remove: "))

if remove_num in nums:

nums.remove(remove_num)

print("Updated list:", nums)

# 10. Tuple operations

elements = tuple(int(input(f"Enter element {i+1}: ")) for i in range(5))

print("Min:", min(elements))

print("Sum:", sum(elements))

print("Second element:", elements[1])

print("Fourth element:", elements[3])

# 11. Dictionary creation and access

my_dict = {}

for i in range(3):

key = input(f"Enter key {i+1}: ")

value = input(f"Enter value for {key}: ")

my_dict[key] = value

print("Keys:", list(my_dict.keys()))

print("Values:", list(my_dict.values()))

query_key = input("Enter key to access value: ")

print("Value:", my_dict.get(query_key, "Key not found"))

# 12. Modify student dictionary

student = {"name": "John", "roll_number": 101, "marks": 85}

student["marks"] = int(input("Enter updated marks: "))

student["grade"] = input("Enter grade: ")

del student["roll_number"]

print(student)

# 13. 1D array with sum and max

arr = [int(input(f"Enter element {i+1}: ")) for i in range(5)]

print("Sum:", sum(arr))

print("Max:", max(arr))

# 14. 2D array matrix operations

matrix = []

for i in range(3):

row = [int(input(f"Enter element [{i+1}][{j+1}]: ")) for j in range(3)]

matrix.append(row)

print("Matrix:")

for row in matrix:

print(row)

print("Row sums:", [sum(row) for row in matrix])

print("Column sums:", [sum(matrix[i][j] for i in range(3)) for j in range(3)])

# 15. Average of list using function

def calculate_average(numbers):

return sum(numbers) / len(numbers)

nums = list(map(int, input("Enter numbers separated by space: ").split()))

print("Average:", calculate_average(nums))

# 16. Fibonacci using recursion

def fibonacci(n):

if n <= 1:

return n

else:
 return fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2)

n = int(input("Enter n terms for Fibonacci: "))

for i in range(n):

print(fibonacci(i), end=" ")

print()

# 17. Square using map and lambda

nums = list(map(int, input("Enter numbers: ").split()))

squares = list(map(lambda x: x**2, nums))

print("Original:", nums)

print("Squared:", squares)

# 18. Filter even numbers

nums = list(map(int, input("Enter numbers: ").split()))

evens = list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, nums))

print("Original:", nums)

print("Even numbers:", evens)

# 19. Reduce to find sum

from functools import reduce

nums = list(map(int, input("Enter numbers: ").split()))

sum_all = reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, nums)

print("Sum:", sum_all)

# 20. Reduce to find max

maximum = reduce(lambda x, y: x if x > y else y, nums)

# 21. Book class

class Book:

def __init__(self, title, author, price):

self.title = title

self.author = author

self.price = price

def display_details(self):

print(f"{self.title} by {self.author}, Rs.{self.price}")

book1 = Book("Python Basics", "Guido", 499)

book2 = Book("AI Fundamentals", "Alan", 599)

book1.display_details()

book2.display_details()

# 22. Rectangle class

class Rectangle:

def __init__(self, length, breadth):

self.length = length

self.breadth = breadth

def area(self):

return self.length * self.breadth

def perimeter(self):

return 2 * (self.length + self.breadth)

rect = Rectangle(5, 3)

print("Area:", rect.area())
print("Perimeter:", rect.perimeter())

# 23. BankAccount class

class BankAccount:

def __init__(self, account_holder, account_number, balance):

self.account_holder = account_holder

self.account_number = account_number

self.balance = balance

def deposit(self, amount):

self.balance += amount

def withdraw(self, amount):

if amount <= self.balance:

self.balance -= amount

def display_balance(self):

print("Balance:", self.balance)

account = BankAccount("Isha", "12345", 1000)

account.deposit(500)

account.withdraw(200)

account.display_balance()

# 24. Employee class with increment

class Employee:

def __init__(self, name, employee_id, salary):

self.name = name

self.employee_id = employee_id

self.salary = salary
 def show_details(self):

print(self.name, self.employee_id, self.salary)

def increment_salary(self, percent):

self.salary += self.salary * (percent / 100)

e1 = Employee("Alice", 1, 50000)

e2 = Employee("Bob", 2, 60000)

e1.increment_salary(10)

e2.increment_salary(15)

e1.show_details()

e2.show_details()

# 25. Vehicle base class

class Vehicle:

def __init__(self, brand, year):

self.brand = brand

self.year = year

class Car(Vehicle):

def __init__(self, brand, year, model):

super().__init__(brand, year)

self.model = model

def show(self):

print(self.brand, self.year, self.model)

class Bike(Vehicle):

def __init__(self, brand, year, type):

super().__init__(brand, year)

self.type = type
 def show(self):

print(self.brand, self.year, self.type)

Car("Toyota", 2020, "Innova").show()

Bike("Honda", 2021, "Sport").show()

# 26. Shape base class with polymorphism

class Shape:

def area(self):

pass

class Rectangle(Shape):

def __init__(self, length, breadth):

self.length = length

self.breadth = breadth

def area(self):

return self.length * self.breadth

class Circle(Shape):

def __init__(self, radius):

self.radius = radius

def area(self):

return 3.14 * self.radius * self.radius

print(Rectangle(4, 5).area())

print(Circle(3).area())

# 27. Polymorphism with Employee subclasses

class Employee:

def __init__(self, name, salary):

self.salary = salary

def show_role(self):

print("Employee")

class Manager(Employee):

def show_role(self):

print("Manager")

class Developer(Employee):

def show_role(self):

print("Developer")

Employee("A", 1000).show_role()

Manager("B", 2000).show_role()

Developer("C", 3000).show_role()

# 28. Inheritance with Bank Accounts

class BankAccount:

def __init__(self, account_holder, balance):

self.account_holder = account_holder

self.balance = balance

class SavingsAccount(BankAccount):

def interest(self):

return self.balance * 0.04

class CurrentAccount(BankAccount):

def overdraft_limit(self):

return 50000

print(SavingsAccount("A", 10000).interest())
print(CurrentAccount("B", 20000).overdraft_limit())

# 29. File write-read with exception

try:

content = input("Enter a string: ")

with open("output.txt", "w") as f:

f.write(content)

with open("output.txt", "r") as f:

print("File content:", f.read())

except (FileNotFoundError, IOError) as e:

print("File error:", e)

finally:

print("Done")

# 30. Count words in file

try:

with open("output.txt", "r") as f:

data = f.read()

print("Word count:", len(data.split()))

except Exception as e:

print("Error:", e)

# 31. Tkinter GUI for sum

import tkinter as tk

from tkinter import messagebox

root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Addition GUI")

def calculate():

try:

val1 = int(entry1.get())

val2 = int(entry2.get())

result = val1 + val2

messagebox.showinfo("Result", f"Sum: {result}")

except ValueError:

messagebox.showerror("Error", "Please enter valid numbers")

label1 = tk.Label(root, text="Number 1")

label1.pack()

entry1 = tk.Entry(root)

entry1.pack()

label2 = tk.Label(root, text="Number 2")

label2.pack()

entry2 = tk.Entry(root)

entry2.pack()

btn = tk.Button(root, text="Add", command=calculate)

btn.pack()

root.mainloop()

# 32. Login Form GUI

import tkinter as tk

from tkinter import messagebox

login_win = tk.Tk()
login_win.title("Login Form")

def login():

user = username.get()

pwd = password.get()

if user and pwd:

messagebox.showinfo("Login", "Login Successful")

else:

messagebox.showerror("Error", "All fields required")

username = tk.Entry(login_win)

username.pack()

password = tk.Entry(login_win, show="*")

password.pack()

tk.Button(login_win, text="Login", command=login).pack()

login_win.mainloop()

# 33. SQLite with students table

import sqlite3

conn = sqlite3.connect("students.db")

cursor = conn.cursor()

cursor.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS students (name TEXT, age INTEGER, grade
TEXT)")

cursor.executemany("INSERT INTO students VALUES (?, ?, ?)", [

("Isha", 20, "A"),

("Amit", 22, "B"),

("Riya", 21, "C")

conn.commit()

cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM students")

print(cursor.fetchall())

conn.close()

# 34. SQLite with employee operations

conn = sqlite3.connect("employees.db")

cursor = conn.cursor()

cursor.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS employees (id INTEGER, name TEXT, salary
INTEGER)")

cursor.execute("INSERT INTO employees VALUES (1, 'John', 30000)")

cursor.execute("INSERT INTO employees VALUES (2, 'Jane', 40000)")

cursor.execute("UPDATE employees SET salary = 45000 WHERE name = 'John'")

cursor.execute("DELETE FROM employees WHERE name = 'Jane'")

cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM employees")

print(cursor.fetchall())

conn.commit()

conn.close()

# 35. DataFrame with NumPy and Matplotlib

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

data = {"Name": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "Marks": [70, 85, 90, 60, 75]}

df = pd.DataFrame(data)
print(df)

print("Average:", np.mean(df["Marks"]))

print("Max:", np.max(df["Marks"]))

print("Min:", np.min(df["Marks"]))

plt.bar(df["Name"], df["Marks"])

plt.show()

# 36. Monthly sales plot

sales_data = {"Month": ["Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun"], "Sales": [1000, 1500, 1200,
1300, 1600, 1700]}

df = pd.DataFrame(sales_data)

print("Total:", np.sum(df["Sales"]))

print("Average:", np.mean(df["Sales"]))

plt.plot(df["Month"], df["Sales"])

plt.title("Monthly Sales")

plt.xlabel("Month")

plt.ylabel("Sales")

plt.show()