Computer Graphics
MCA 403
Computer
Graphics
Computer Graphics
Outline: Section A
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Applications Areas
GKS Primitives
Graphic Devices
i)
Display Devices
ii)
Input Devices iii)
Output
Devices
Drawing Geometry
i)
DDA Algorithm
ii)
Bresenhams Algorithm
Referred Books:
Hearn & Baker / Schaums Series / Newman & Sproull / Class Notes / PPTs
Computer Graphics
Outline: Section B
2D Transformations
i)
Translation
iii)
Scaling
v)
Shearing etc.
ii)
Rotation
iv)
Reflection
Graphic Operations
i)
Clipping
ii)
Windowing
iii)
Filling
Referred Books:
Hearn & Baker / Schaums Series / Class Notes / PPTs
Computer Graphics
Outline: Section C
3D Transformations
i)
Translation
ii)
Rotation
iii)
Scaling
Projection
Hidden Surface Removal
Shading
Referred Books:
Hearn & Baker / Schaums Series / Class Notes / PPTs
Computer Graphics
Computer Graphics
What is Computer Graphics ?
Computer Graphics
Computer Graphics
Computer Graphics
What is a Graphic?
A graphic can be a:
Chart
Drawing
Painting
Photograph
Logo
Navigation button
Diagram
Computer Graphics
What do graphics look like?
Graphics can be:
Black and White
Grayscale (Monochromatic)
Color
Still
Animated
Computer Graphics
Grayscale (Monochromatic)
Computer Graphics
What do graphics do?
Graphics can:
Illustrate or demonstrate procedures
Clarify data
Convey ideas
Tell stories
Add visual appeal
Computer Graphics
Computer Graphics
Computer graphics deals with all aspects of creating images with a computer :
Hardware
Software
Applications
Computer Graphics
Hardware / Software
Software:
GKS
Maya
PHIGS
PHIGS+
Lightwave Photoshop
Illustrator Corel Draw Filmbox
Blender and many more.
Hardware: PC with graphics card
Computer Graphics
Graphic File Formats
A computer can save and interpret
graphic images in a variety of formats.
Some of the most common are:
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
TIFF (Tagged Information File Format)
PIC (Picture)
BMP (bitmap)
TGA (Targa)
PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
Computer Graphics
What is Computer Graphics?
Creation and Manipulation of pictures
with the help of computer. These types
of pictures may be generated either on
paper or film, using any computer
controlled device like plotter.
Computer
Graphics
Computer Graphics: 19501960
Computer graphics goes back to earliest days
of computing:
Strip charts
Pen plotters
Simple displays using A/D converters to go from
computer to calligraphic CRT
Cost of refresh for CRT too high:
Computers slow, expensive, unreliable (not
anymore!)
Computer
Graphics
Computer Graphics: 1960-1970
Wireframe graphics:
Draw only lines!
Sketchpad
Display Processors
Storage tube
wireframe representation
of sun object
Computer
Graphics
Computer Graphics: 19701980
Raster Graphics.
Beginning of graphics standards.
IFIPS:
GKS: European effort.
Core: North American effort.
Becomes ISO 2D standard.
3D but fails to become ISO standard.
Workstations and PCs.
Computer
Graphics
Computer Graphics: 19801990
Realism comes to computer graphics
Smooth Shading
Environment
Mapping
Bump Mapping
Computer
Graphics
Computer Graphics: 1980Special purpose hardware:
1990
Industry-based standards:
Silicon Graphics geometry engine: VLSI
implementation of graphics pipeline.
PHIGS.
RenderMan.
Networked graphics: X Window System.
Human-Computer Interface (HCI).
Computer
Graphics
Computer Graphics: 1990OpenGL API.
2000
Completely computer-generated featurelength movies (Toy Story) are successful.
New hardware capabilities:
Texture mapping
Blending
Accumulation, stencil buffers
Computer
Graphics
Computer Graphics: 2000
Photorealism.
Graphics cards for PCs dominate market:
Nvidia, ATI.
Game boxes and game players determine
market direction.
Computer graphics routine in movie industry:
Maya, Lightwave.
