Types of Computer
Software
Operating
Operating
Application
Application and
and
software
software systems
systems
software
software
Users
Hardware
Operating System
Systems software
Set of programs that coordinates activities
and functions of the hardware and various
other programs
Application software
Programs that help users solve particular
computing problems
The Components of a Computer
The major types of software
System Software
Application software Operating Systems
System software Schedules computer
events
Hardware Allocates computer
resources
Monitor events
Language translators
Users Interpreters
Compilers
Application Software Utility programs
Programming languages Routine operations (e.g. sort,
Assembly language list, print)
FORTRAN, BASIC, PL/1 Manage data (e.g. create files,
PASCAL, C merge files
“4th generation “
languages
Operating System Functions
Perform common computer hardware functions
Provide a user interface
Provide a degree of hardware independence
Manage system memory
Manage processing tasks
Provide networking capability
Control access to system resources
Manage files
Examples of Operating Systems
Popular OSs for computers are:
Windows 10
Mac OS X
Ubuntu
Popular network/server OSs are:
Ubuntu Server
Windows Server
Red Hat Enterprise
Popular internet/web OSs are:
Chrome OS
Club Linux
Remix OS
Popular mobile OSs are:
iPhone OS
Android OS
Windows Phone OS
User Interface
User interface
A function of the operating system that allows individuals
to access and command the computer
Command-based user interface
A particular user interface that requires text commands
be given to the computer to perform basic activities
E.g., unix, DOS
Graphical user interface (GUI)
A user interface that uses pictures (icons) and menus
displayed on the screen to send commands to the
computer system
E.g. Windows, MAC OS
Microsoft Windows
Apple Mac OS X
from Apple Computer
Redhat Linux
from computerworld.jp
Linux command-mode
from rr.sans.org
Sun Solaris Unix
from xfce.org
Microsoft DOS
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Microsoft Windows DOS Prompt
Starting a computer
POWER
1. Turn on the power
from dualprocessorcomputers.com from rojakpot.com
2. The processor finds the ROM chip that contains the BIOS
from dn.redwoods.cc.ca.us
3. The BIOS performs POST
from wown.info
=?
from nuwaveinc.com
4. The results of the POST are compared with data in
the CMOS chip
from all-about-pc.de
5. The BIOS looks for the system files in one of
the booting drives
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
…
from macaddit.com
from Amazon.com
6. the system files and the #kernel of the OS load into RAM
from hard disk/booting drive
7. the OS loads configuration information and displays the
interface on the screen
Functions of OS
User interface Data management
Job scheduling Device management
Program Security of access
management Resources
Single user/single management
tasking
Multitasking
Error detection and
Multi-user
response
Multiprocessing
Types of OS
Applications software
Application software consists of programs that perform
specific tasks for users
Word processing
Spreadsheet software
Database software
Presentation graphics software
Game
Desktop publishing software
Anti-virus scanner
Web browser
and etc.
Applications software
Word Processing
Word Processing
Provides
assistance in
formulating,
formatting, and
printing documents
such as letters,
memos, and
papers.
Spreadsheet
Spreadsheet
Provides a wide
range of built-in
functions for
statistical, financial,
logical, database,
graphics, and data
and time
calculations.
Database
Database
Stores, manipulates,
and retrieves data.
Graphics
Graphics Program
Helps make a
presentation;
develops brochures,
illustrations, etc.
Usually
called
Presentation
Graphics
Utility programs
A utility program is a type of system
software that performs a specific task,
usually related to managing a computer,
its devices, or its programs
Networks and the Internet
A network is a collection of computers and
devices connected together, often wirelessly,
via communications devices and
transmission media
Localarea network
Wide area network
Networks and the Internet
The World Wide Web contains billions of
documents called Web pages
Web page
Web site
Web browser
Web address
Hypertext transfer protocol
Networks and the Internet
• The Internet is a worldwide collection of
networks that links millions of businesses,
government agencies, educational
institutions, and individuals
– Internet service provider (ISP)
– Online service provider (OSP)
– Wireless Internet service provider (WISP)
Computer Viruses
and Other Malware
• Computer virus
• Worm
• Trojan horse
• Rootkit
• An antivirus program protects a computer
against viruses by identifying and removing
any computer viruses found in memory, on
storage media, or on incoming files
Data files
Text document Presentation files
txt, rtf, doc, pdf ppt
Image files Spreadsheet files
bmp, gif, jpeg, png, tiff xls
Sound files Database files
midi, mp3, ra, wav dbf, mdb
Video files
avi, mov, mpeg, rm
Relationship among OS,
applications s/w and data files
Application
User Software
Data
Files Operating
System
