Advanced Web Technology using Django.pptx

Course Name : Advance Web Technology
Course Code : 21PDS2CC05
Course in-charge
Dr. M. Kriushanth
Assistant Professor
Department of Data Science
St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous)
Tiruchirappalli

Introduction
What is a WEB?
• The Web is the common name for the World Wide Web

Introduction
What is World Wide Web?
• It is an information system where documents and other web
resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators
(URLs, such as https://example.com/), which may be
interlinked by hypertext, and are accessible over the
Internet.

Introduction
What is Client Server Computing?
• In client server computing,
• The clients requests a resource and the server provides
that resource.
• A server may serve multiple clients at the same time
while a client is in contact with only one server.
• Both the client and server usually communicate via a
computer network but sometimes they may reside
in the same system.

Introduction
Client Server Computing

What is a Web Technology?
• Web technologies are the various tools and techniques that
are utilised in the process of communication between
different types of devices over the internet.
Introduction

Introduction
What is a Web Development?
• Web development refers to the process of creating websites.
The two parts of a typical website

Introduction
Programming Languages And Frameworks

Introduction
Frontend and Backend

Introduction
What is MVC Architecture?
• Model View Controller or MVC as it is popularly
called, is a software design pattern for developing
web applications.
• A Model View Controller pattern is made up of the following
three parts
• Model − The lowest level of the pattern which is responsible for
maintaining data.
• View − This is responsible for displaying all or a portion of the data
to the user.
• Controller − Software Code that controls the interactions between
the Model and View.

MVC Architecture
• Model − The lowest level of the
pattern which is responsible for
maintaining data.
• View − This is responsible for
displaying all or a portion of the
data to the user.
• Controller − Software Code that
controls the interactions between
the Model and View.
Introduction

Introduction
What is Django?
• It is a high-level Python web framework that encourages
rapid development and clean, pragmatic design.
• Django makes it easier to build better web apps quickly and
with less code.
• It is written in 100% pure Python code. so you'll need to
install Python on your system.

Why Django Framework?
• It’s very easy to switch database in Django framework.
• It has built-in admin interface which makes easy to work
with it.
• Django is fully functional framework that requires nothing
else.
• It has thousands of additional packages available.
• It is very scalable.
Introduction

MVT Architecture
• Django is based on MVT architecture.
• Model
• View
• Template
• MVT is a software design pattern for developing a
web application.

Model:
• Just like the Model in MVC, here as well it has the same
functionality of providing the interface for the data stored
in the database.
View:
• In Django, Views act as a link between the Model data and
the Templates.
MVT Architecture

MVT Architecture
Template
• Just like View in MVC, Django uses templates in its
framework.
• Templates are responsible for the entire User Interface
completely.
• It handles all the static parts of the webpage along with the
HTML, which the users visiting the webpage will perceive.

Control Flow of MVT
• The user sends a URL request for a resource to Django.
• Django framework then searches for the URL resource.
• If the URL path links up to a View, then that particular View
is called.
• The View will then interact with the Model and retrieve the
appropriate data from the database.
• The View then renders back an appropriate template along
with the retrieved data to the user.

• Rapid Development
• Secure
• Scalable
• Fully loaded
• Versatile
• Open Source
Features of Django

Rapid Development
• Django was designed with the intention to make a framework which
takes less time to build web application.
• The project implementation phase is a very time taken but Django
creates it rapidly.
Secure
• Django takes security seriously and helps developers to avoid many
common security mistakes, such as SQL injection, cross-site
scripting, cross-site request forgery etc.
• Its user authentication system provides a secure way to manage user
accounts and passwords.
Features of Django

Features of Django
Scalable
• Django is scalable in nature and has ability to quickly and flexibly switch
from small to large scale application project.
Fully loaded
• Django includes various helping task modules and libraries which can
be used to handle common Web development tasks.
• Django takes care of user authentication, content administration, site
maps, RSS feeds etc.

Features of Django
Versatile
• Django is versatile in nature which allows it to build applications for
different-different domains.
• Now a days, Companies are using Django to build various types of
applications like: content management systems, social networks
sites or scientific computing platforms etc.
Open Source
• Django is an open source web application framework.
• It is publicly available without cost.
• It can be downloaded with source code from the public repository. Open
source reduces the total cost of the application development.

What is pip?
• Python Package Index(pip)
• It is a package manager for Python and is included
by default with the Python installer
• It helps to install and uninstall Python packages
Install Django

Install Django
Setting up a virtual environment
• VirtualEnv helps you create a Local Environment(not
System wide) Specific to the Project you are working
upon.
• If you are start working on Multiple projects, your projects
would have different Dependencies (e.g different
Django versions) hence you would need a different virtual
Environment for each Project. VirtualEnv does this for you.

Django Environment
Step 1: Install Python
Step 2: Install Virtual Environment
Step 3: Install Django
Step 4: Database Setup
Step 5 : Web Server

Install Django
• python --version
• pip --version
• pip install virtualenv
• pip install Django

Django Project
Command to Create a Project
django-admin startproject projectname

Django Project Structure
hello_world/
manage.py
hello_world/
__init__.py
settings.py
asgi.py
urls.py
wsgi.py

manage.py
• This file is used basically as a command-line utility and for
deploying, debugging, or running our web application.
• This file contains code for runserver, or makemigrations or
migrations, etc. that we use in the shell.
runserver : This command is used to run the server for our web application.
Migration : This is used for applying the changes done to our models into the database.
if we make any changes to our database then we use migrate command.
This is used the first time we create a database.
Makemigratio
n
: This is done to apply new migrations that have been carried out due to the
changes in the database.

_init_.py
• This file remains empty and is present their only to tell that
this particular directory(in this case django_project) is a
package.
Settings.py
• This file is present for adding all the applications and the
middleware application present.
• Also, it has information about templates and databases.
• Overall, this is the main file of our Django web
application.

urls.py
• This file handles all the URLs of our web application.
• This file has the lists of all the endpoints that will have for our
website.
What is Web Endpoint?
• A web service endpoint is a web address or URL where your
service can be accessed by a client application.

wsgi.py(Synchronous server)
• WSGI, short for Web Server Gateway Interface.
• It is a specification that describes how a web server
communicates with web applications, and how web
applications can be chained together to process one request.
• It is used for deploying our applications on to servers like
Apache etc.

Limitations wsgi.py(Synchronous server)
• WSGI compatible servers are synchronous
• This means it blocks each request until a response arrives from
the application.
• Blocking requests prevent additional requests from being
processed
• WSGI implementations (which are multi-threaded) create a thread for
each request

Limitations wsgi.py(Synchronous server)

asgi.py
• ASGI, or the Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface
• It is structured as a single, asynchronous callable
• It is available in the newer versions of Django.
• ASGI can be considered as a succeeder interface to the WSGI.
• It work similar to WSGI
• It gives better freedom in Django development.
• This not only allows multiple incoming events and outgoing events for each
application, but also allows for a background coroutine. so the application can
do other things (such as listening for events on an external trigger).

Django Project
Starting a Server
python manage.py runserver
Stopping a Server
Press +
Press Ctrl + Break Button

Django Project
Migration
Python manage.py migrate
Starting an Application
python manage.py startapp Application name

Django Project
View.py
from django.http import HttpResponse
def sayDemo(request):
return HttpResponse("My First Django Program")

Django Project
Setting.py
Under Installed Apps function
Mention the appname

Django Project
urls.py
path(‘name/', view function name),
path(‘Display/', sayDemo),

Django Project
Creating user
Stop the Server
python manage.py createsuperuser
User name:
Email:
Password:
Password(again):

Introduction
1. Create the Project
2. Migrate it
3. Create app
4. Copy the URL

View Function
• A view is a place where we put our business logic of the
application.
• The view is a python function which is used to perform
some business logic and return a response to the user.
• This response can be the HTML contents of a Web page,
or a redirect, or a 404 error.
• All the view function are created inside the views.py file of
the Django app.

Creating Simple View
Simple View
create a simple view in myapp to say "welcome to my
app!“
from django.http import HttpResponse
def hello(request):
return HttpResponse("<h1>welcome to my app !</h1>")

Django- Template
• Django provides a convenient way to generate
dynamic HTML pages by using its template system.
• Django makes it possible to separate python and
HTML
• The python goes in views
• HTML goes in templates.
• To link the two, Django relies on the render function and
the Django Template Language(DTL).

Django Template Language (DTL)
• Django template uses its own syntax to deal with
variable, tags, expressions etc.
• A template is rendered with a context which is used to
get value at a web page.

Variable
• Variables associated with a context can be accessed by
{{}} (double curly braces)
My name is {{name}}.
My name is rahul

Tags
• In a template, Tags provide arbitrary logic in the
rendering process.
• A tag can output content, serve as a control structure
• Tags are surrounded by {% %} braces

The Render Function
This function takes three parameters
• Request
• The path to the template
• Dictionary of parameters
def hello(request):
return render(request,’home.html’,{‘name’:’sam’})

The Render Function
• Request
• The initial request.
• The path to the template
• This is the path relative to the TEMPLATE_DIRS option in the project
settings.py variables.
• Dictionary of parameters
• A dictionary that contains all variables needed in the template. This
variable can be created or you can use locals() to pass all local variable
declared in the view.

Django Template Configuration
To configure the template system, we have to provide
some entries in settings.py file.
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates')],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]

Django Template Creation
Step 1: create a directory templates inside the project app
Step 2: After that create a template index.html inside the created folder.
Step 3: Create HTML coding's in the index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Index</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Welcome to Django!!!</h2>
</body>
</html>

Django URL Mapping
• Django is a web application framework.
• It gets user requests by URL locater and responds back.
• To handle URL, django.urls module is used by the
framework.
• urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]

References
1. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/django/django_basics.htm Date : 21-12-
2020
2. https://www.javatpoint.com/django-tutorial Date : 21-12-2020
3. https://www.fullstackpython.com/django.html Date : 22-12-2020
4. https://simpleisbetterthancomplex.com/series/2017/09/04/a-complete-begi
nners-guide-to-django-part-1.html
Date : 26-12-2020

Advanced Web Technology using Django.pptx

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