Chapter 1 Database Fundamentals Slides Powerpoint

Chapter 1 Database Fundamentals Slides Powerpoint

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  Afghanistan International OnlineAcademy Computer Science Faculty CS Department Database Fundamentals Instructor: Ahmad Fawad Azizi
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  Chapter 1: Database Concept 'DatabaseFundamentals' (Afghanistan International Online Academy) Prepared by Ahmad Fawad Azizi
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  Learning Objectives  -Define what a Database is  - Explain why databases are used  - Describe Database Systems and DBMS  - Compare Database Management Systems (DBMS) and File Management Systems (FMS)  - Identify components and users of a database system
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  Introduction to Databases A database is an organized collection of related data stored and accessed electronically.  It allows users to store, retrieve, and manage data efficiently.  In early computing, data was stored in simple files, but as systems grew, databases became essential.
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  History of Databases - 1960s: Database concept introduced to manage large data volumes.  - 1970: E.F. Codd proposed the Relational Model.  - 1980s: Relational Database Systems became dominant.  - 1990s: Object-oriented and distributed databases appeared.  - 2000s+: XML, NoSQL, and cloud-based databases emerged.
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  Definition of Database Database (DB): A structured set of data held in a computer, especially one that is accessible in various ways.  Example: A Student table with Name, Address, and Phone columns.
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  Why Use Databases? - To organize large amounts of data.  - To allow multiple users to access data simultaneously.  - To maintain data integrity and consistency.  - To support complex queries and reporting.  - To reduce redundancy compared to file-based systems.
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  Steps in Buildinga Database  1. Requirement Analysis  2. Logical Design  3. Physical Design  4. Implementation  5. Maintenance & Modification
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  Database System Components  ADatabase System consists of:  - Data: Raw facts stored in the database.  - Hardware: Physical devices where data is stored.  - Software: DBMS and supporting applications.  - Users: Administrators, developers, and end-users.
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  Types of DatabaseUsers  - Application Programmers: Write software using databases.  - End Users: Access data through applications.  - Database Administrators (DBA): Manage and control database systems.
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  Database Management System (DBMS) DBMS is software that allows users to define, create, maintain, and control access to the database.  Examples: MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, MS Access.
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  Functions of DBMS - Data Definition  - Data Storage and Retrieval  - Data Update  - Transaction Management  - Concurrency and Security Control  - Backup and Recovery
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  DBMS Architecture  TheDBMS acts as a bridge between the database and users/applications.  It ensures data consistency, security, and concurrent access.  It also provides query processing via SQL.
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  Comparison: File Management vs.Database Management  File Management System (FMS):  - Stores data in separate files.  - No relationships between files.  - Hard to manage and update.  Database Management System (DBMS):  - Stores data in related tables.  - Supports relationships and queries.  - Easier to maintain and secure.
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  Advantages of DBMSover FMS  - Data Integrity  - Data Sharing and Security  - Reduced Redundancy  - Easier Backup and Recovery  - Support for Multi-user Environments
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  Disadvantages of DBMS - Higher Cost  - Complexity of Learning  - Requires Trained Personnel  - Slower for Small Applications
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  Summary  • Databasesare essential for modern computing.  • DBMS simplifies data management, improves accuracy and security.  • Understanding database concepts is fundamental for software engineers and IT professionals.