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Curl Tutorial
The document provides an overview of the curl command-line tool used for transferring data with URLs, detailing its capabilities such as supporting various protocols, SSL certificates, HTTP methods, and authentication. It highlights installation instructions for different operating systems and how to replicate browser requests using curl commands. Additionally, it includes examples of using curl with Elasticsearch and REST APIs, alongside relevant resources.
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Ankireddy Polu introduces the topic of cURL.
cURL is a command-line tool for data transfer with URL support for various protocols and features such as SSL certification and user authentication.
Challenges in invoking URLs include restrictions on software installations, limited port access, and user familiarity with existing tools.
Instructions for installing cURL on various operating systems such as Ubuntu, CentOS, and Windows using package managers.
Details on using Invoke-RestMethod with methods like GET, PUT, POST, DELETE, and authentication methods.
cURL command variations including GET, POST, DELETE, file uploads, and configuration options.
Instructions on how to replicate browser requests using cURL or PowerShell.
Examples of cURL commands demonstrating GET requests with different headers and output storage.
cURL usage for Elasticsearch operations including POSTing documents, searching, and deleting records.
Examples of using Invoke-RestMethod for GET requests, including handling headers and credentials.
List of resources for further research on using cURL, including URLs for testing and documentation.
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Curl Tutorial
- 1.
- 2. cURL ( ClientURL) ◦ command line tool and library for transferring data with URLs ◦ DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, Gopher, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP, LDAPS, MQTT, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTMPS, RTSP, SCP, SFTP, SMB, SMBS, SMTP, SMTPS, Telnet and TFTP. ◦ curl supports SSL certificates, HTTP POST, HTTP PUT, FTP uploading, HTTP form based upload, proxies, HTTP/2, HTTP/3, cookies, user+password authentication (Basic, Plain, Digest, CRAM-MD5, NTLM, Negotiate and Kerberos), file transfer resume, proxy tunneling and more.
- 3. Limitations to invokeURLs? ◦ Customers won’t allow install any additional software on their servers including the browser plugins. ◦ Restricted access to ports ◦ Instruct the server admins using tools which they are familiar.
- 4. Install cURL https://bintray.com/artifact/download/vs zakats/generic/curl-7.73.0-win32- mingw.zip brew installcurl Linux MacOS Windows For Ubuntu sudo apt update sudo apt install curl For centos/RHEL sudo yum install curl choco install curl
- 5. Invoke-RestMethod ◦ GET ◦ GETwith custom headers example ◦ PUT/POST ◦ DELETE ◦ Basic Authentication ◦ API key ◦ File Upload (InFile) ◦ Params ◦ ConvertFrom-JSON, ConvertTo-JSON
- 6. Curl ◦ GET ◦ GETwith custom headers example ◦ PUT/POST ◦ DELETE ◦ Basic Authentication ◦ API key ◦ File Upload ( -F ) ◦ Insecure (-k, --insure) ◦ Config ◦ verbose
- 7. Replicating browser requestswith cURL ◦ Copy as PowerShell◦ Copy as cURL
- 8. Commands CURL curl -X GET"https://httpbin.org/image" -H "accept:image/webp" --output c:softwareswebp.webp curl -X GET "https://httpbin.org/image/png" -H "accept:image/png" --output c:softwarespng.png curl -s -w "%{http_code}" -X GET "https://httpbin.org/image" -H "accept:image/webp" --output c:softwareswebp.webp curl -I -X GET "https://httpbin.org/basic-auth/system/manager" -H "accept: application/json" curl -u system:manager -X GET "https://httpbin.org/basic-auth/system/manager" -H "accept: application/json" curl https://brianiswu-cat-facts-v1.p.rapidapi.com/facts -w "%{http_code}" curl -H "x-rapidapi-key:1475db38bamsh43c4c98a9ca0578p115c39jsn333977ab7597" https://brianiswu-cat-facts-v1.p.rapidapi.com/facts curl -H "x-rapidapi-key:1475db38bamsh43c4c98a9ca0578p115c39jsn333977ab7597" https://brianiswu-cat-facts-v1.p.rapidapi.com/facts --output c:softwaresoutput.json curl -v -insecure https://expired.badssl.com/
- 9. Commands CURL + Elasticsearch curl-X POST http://localhost:9200/default_umc/_doc -H "content-type:application/json" --data '{"user":"anki","country":"india","city":"chennai"}' curl -X POST http://localhost:9200/default_umc/_search -H "content-type:application/json" --data '{"query":{"term":{"user":"anki"}}}' curl -X DELETE http://localhost:9200/default_umc/
- 10. Commands Invoke-RestMethod invoke-restmethod -method GET-Uri https://httpbin.org/image -outfile c:softwareswebp.webp invoke-restmethod -method GET -Uri https://httpbin.org/image -header @{"accept"="image/webp"} -outfile c:softwareswebp.webp $header = @{"accept"="image/webp"} invoke-restmethod -method GET -Uri https://httpbin.org/image -header $header - outfile c:softwareswebp.webp $credentials = Get-Credential Invoke-restmethod -cred $credentials -Method GET -Uri https://httpbin.org/basic- auth/system/manager -outfile c:softwaresout.json invoke-restmethod -Method GET -uri https://brianiswu-cat-facts- v1.p.rapidapi.com/facts -Header @{"x-rapidapi- key"="1475db38bamsh43c4c98a9ca0578p115c39jsn333977ab7597"}
- 11. Resources ◦ https://httpbin.org/ ◦ https://expired.badssl.com/ ◦https://rapidapi.com/brianiswu/api/cat-facts ◦ https://curlbuilder.com/
Editor's Notes
- #7 $headers = New-Object "System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary[[String],[String]]" $headers.Add("X-DATE", '9/29/2014’) $headers.Add("X-SIGNATURE", '234j123l4kl23j41l23k4j’) $headers.Add("X-API-KEY", 'testuser')